Frode F. Jacobsen | Western Norway University of Applied Science (original) (raw)
Papers by Frode F. Jacobsen
BMC health services research, Mar 26, 2024
BMC Primary Care, Oct 27, 2023
Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to huge and rapid changes in general practice in Norway as i... more Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to huge and rapid changes in general practice in Norway as in the rest of Europe. This paper aims to explore to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic changed the work tasks and organization of Norwegian general practice. Material and method We analysed data from the Norwegian part of the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study, collecting data from general practice via an online self-reported questionnaire. We included 130 Norwegian general practices, representing an estimated 520 Norwegian general practitioners (GPs). All Norwegian GPs were invited to participate. In the analyses, we focused on items related to the use of alternatives to face-to-face consultations, changes in the workload, tasks and delegated responsibilities of both the GPs and other personnel in the GP offices, adaptations in routines related to hygiene measures, triage of patients, and how the official rules and recommendations affected the practices. Results There was a large and significant increase in the use of all forms of alternative consultation forms (digital text-based, video-and telephone consultations). The use of several different infection prevention measures were significantly increased, and the provision of hand sanitizer to patients increased from 29.6% pre-pandemic to 95.1% since the pandemic. More than half of the GPs (59.5%) reported that their responsibilities in the practice had increased, and 41% were happy with the task shift. 27% felt that they received adequate support from the government; however, 20% reported that guidelines from the government posed a threat to the well-being of the practice staff. We found no associations with the rurality of the practice location or size of the municipalities. Conclusion Norwegian GPs adapted well to the need for increased use of alternatives to face-to-face consultations, and reported a high acceptance of their increased responsibilities. However, only one in four received adequate support from the government, which is an important learning point for similar situations in the future.
EFPC 2021 16th Conference, Abstracts, 2021
Overview of independent variables, number of respondents (N) and mean with standard deviation in ... more Overview of independent variables, number of respondents (N) and mean with standard deviation in parenthesis. Control and intervention group compared at baseline and follow-up. (PDF 172 kb)
Global Qualitative Nursing Research
During the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Norwegian health authorities introduced social dist... more During the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Norwegian health authorities introduced social distancing measures in nursing homes. The aim was to protect vulnerable residents from contracting the potentially deadly infection. Drawing on individual interviews with nursing home managers and physicians, and focus groups with nursing staff, we explore and describe consequences the social distancing measures had on nursing home residents’ health and wellbeing. The analysis indicates that most residents became socially deprived, while some became calmer during the nursing home lockdown. Nursing home staff, physicians and managers witnessed that residents’ health and functional capacity declined when services to maintain health, such as physiotherapy, were put on hold. In conclusion, we argue that although Norwegian health authorities managed to keep the infection rates low in nursing homes, this came at a high price for the residents however, as the social distancing measures also negativ...
Policy Press eBooks, Jul 18, 2023
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 8, 2023
What happened was that they [the residents] could not receive visitors. For those who usually did... more What happened was that they [the residents] could not receive visitors. For those who usually didn't get visitors, it wasn't a big deal. But it was significant especially for two residents, who were very close to their families. They had a lot of visitors. Almost every day. And now, all of a sudden, it's closed and they can't visit. And one of them didn't get it: why is it like this? It was difficult to explain. We saw that their general condition deteriorated, physically and mentally. One of them became bedridden, one wouldn't eat and was very down. At that point we had to put in measures so that families could visit. Then we experienced that the bedridden resident came out of their bed and the other resident's mood became better. (Registered nurse, nursing home, Norway) This is not a voluntary work [dugnad], it is our job! 1 (Focus-group interview of nursing staff, nursing home, Norway) Covid-19 has severely affected the physical and mental well-being of older adults, and nursing home (NH) residents most of all (Comas-Herrera et al., 2020). Declines in physical and mental health (Levere, Rowan, & Wysocki, 2021), increases in the use of medication (Campitelli et al., 2021), more social isolation (van Maurik et al., 2020), as well as increases in the number of deaths (Thompson et al., 2020) have accompanied Covid-19 in nursing homes. Recent research also indicates why Covid-19 was more severe in some NHs or in some jurisdictions, highlighting the specific characteristics of different facilities that influenced the degree of contagion. In particular, research finds NH size (larger NHs, more contagion), ownership (for-profit status, more contagion), degree of urbanization (larger communities, more contagion), singular/plural occupancies (plural occupancies, more contagion), stability of staff (less stable, more contagion), staff coverage (less staff, more contagion), NH age (older NHs, more contagion), and designated staff areas ("open spaces," more contagion), have all influenced the degree of contagion in NHs
Policy Press eBooks, Jul 18, 2023
Resultatene i denne studien tyder på at implementering mot å bli et livsgledesykehjem har ført ti... more Resultatene i denne studien tyder på at implementering mot å bli et livsgledesykehjem har ført til et større faglig fokus i sykehjemmene. Respondentene beskriver at sertifiseringsprosessen har gitt dem en bedre arbeidshverdag
A comparative discussion of the gendered implications of cash-for-care schemes: markets, independ... more A comparative discussion of the gendered implications of cash-for-care schemes: markets, independence and social citizenship in crisis? Social Policy & Administration, 43(6), 634-648 Shutes, I. & Chiatti, C. (2012) Migrant labour and the marketisation of care for older people: The employment of migrant care workers by families and service providers.
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 8, 2023
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 8, 2023
There is no care without care workers. When it comes to the nursing home labour force, the pandem... more There is no care without care workers. When it comes to the nursing home labour force, the pandemic turned what was a dire situation into a crisis, with working conditions driving staff out of care. Well before Covid, international reports had been warning that population aging, combined with the poor working conditions in the sector, would mean severe shortages (e.g., Colombo et al., 2011). We also had warning that the increasing shift to for-profit services and to for-profit approaches to the organization of work, combined with "aging in place" policies, was limiting access to care while undermining the quality of work and the quality of care (Armstrong & Armstrong, 2020). As nursing home places failed to keep up with demand, entry into these homes was increasingly restricted to those with complex care needs. Covid turned barely enough care into not enough care as workers became ill or left because they feared getting ill, as part-time employees were restricted to one workplace, as schools closed so children were at home all day, as working conditions deteriorated, and as families were barred from care homes. In this chapter, we begin by looking at the nursing home labour force in Canada, Norway, and Sweden pre-pandemic. Because Canada has a federal system that leaves responsibility for health care primarily to the provinces and territories, resulting in considerable variation across the country, we focus mainly on Ontario, the most populous province. We draw on our nearly two decades of research employing multiple methods to study nursing homes in six countries (Chapter 1). We then turn to strategies introduced during the pandemic to shore up the labour force, asking whether these strategies are temporary or permanent. Finally, we explore whether these policies address the long-standing issues in the conditions of work that have been identified as necessary to support this labour force.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
BackgroundSocial alarms are considered an appropriate technology to ensure the safety and indepen... more BackgroundSocial alarms are considered an appropriate technology to ensure the safety and independence of older adults, but limited research has been conducted on their actual use. We, therefore, explored the access, experiences, and use of social alarms among home-bound people with dementia and their informal caregivers (dyads).MethodsFrom May 2019 to October 2021, the LIVE@Home.Path mixed-method intervention trial collected data from semi-quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews conducted among home-dwelling people with dementia and their informal caregivers in Norway. The study focused on data from the final assessment at 24 months.ResultsA total of 278 dyads were included, and 82 participants reached the final assessment. The mean age of the patients was 83 years; 74.6% were female; 50% lived alone; and 58% had their child as a caregiver. A total of 62.2% of subjects had access to a social alarm. Caregivers were more likely to answer that the device was not in use ...
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 2021
Background There is a knowledge gap regarding factors that may influence the access to different ... more Background There is a knowledge gap regarding factors that may influence the access to different devices for home-dwelling people with dementia (PwD). The aim of this study was to identify different assistive technology and telecare (ATT) devices installed in the home and key factors associated with access to such technology. Methods The baseline data came from the LIVE@Home.Path trial, a 24-month multi-component intervention including PwDs and their informal caregivers (dyads) and were collected through semi-quantitative questionnaires in three Norwegian municipalities between May and November of 2019. Regression models were applied to detect demographic and clinical factors associated with access to ATT. Results Of 438 screened dyads, 276 were included at baseline. The mean ages of the PwDs and caregivers were 82 ± 7.0 and 66 ± 12 years, respectively, and 62.8% of the PwD were female and 73.5% had access to any type of ATT. The majority had traditional equipment such as stove guar...
Proceedings of the 10th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, 2017
This paper is devoted to the healthcare-oriented characterisation of the human movements by means... more This paper is devoted to the healthcare-oriented characterisation of the human movements by means of the accelerometric and impulse-radar sensors-the sensors that may be employed in care services for monitoring of elderly and disabled persons. Characterisation of the movements in terms of the so-called self-selected walking velocity can be used by the medical and healthcare personnel to assess the overall health status of a monitored person. The quality of the characterisation, based on the measurement data from accelerometric and impulse-radar sensors, has been assessed in a series of real-world experiments which involved the estimation of the instantaneous and mean walking velocity of a person moving according to predefined patterns. Some indicators of uncertainty of the velocity estimation, determined with respect to assumed predefined velocity values, have been used for comparison of the performance of both types of sensors. The experiments have shown that impulse-radar sensors enable one to estimate the mean walking velocity more accurately than the accelerometric sensors: the estimates obtained on the basis of data from the latter sensors are affected by larger bias and are more widely spread around their mean values.
BMC Geriatrics, Oct 9, 2015
Ways of Home Making in Care for Later Life, 2020
In this chapter, we articulate this volume’s key conceptualization of home as a verb. The book’s ... more In this chapter, we articulate this volume’s key conceptualization of home as a verb. The book’s aspiration is to unlock home, and look at the work it always takes to make home when home intersects with new forms or modes of care because of ageing. We argue that the three modes of ordering the book—moving imaginaries, negotiating institutions and shifting arrangements—allow us to deeply uproot the imaginary of home (and care) as fixed and unmovable. After presenting the different chapters in these three parts of the book, we articulate how this ‘verbing’ of home with care affords room to not only interpret but also design and practise home-care arrangements in new ways.
BMC health services research, Mar 26, 2024
BMC Primary Care, Oct 27, 2023
Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to huge and rapid changes in general practice in Norway as i... more Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to huge and rapid changes in general practice in Norway as in the rest of Europe. This paper aims to explore to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic changed the work tasks and organization of Norwegian general practice. Material and method We analysed data from the Norwegian part of the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study, collecting data from general practice via an online self-reported questionnaire. We included 130 Norwegian general practices, representing an estimated 520 Norwegian general practitioners (GPs). All Norwegian GPs were invited to participate. In the analyses, we focused on items related to the use of alternatives to face-to-face consultations, changes in the workload, tasks and delegated responsibilities of both the GPs and other personnel in the GP offices, adaptations in routines related to hygiene measures, triage of patients, and how the official rules and recommendations affected the practices. Results There was a large and significant increase in the use of all forms of alternative consultation forms (digital text-based, video-and telephone consultations). The use of several different infection prevention measures were significantly increased, and the provision of hand sanitizer to patients increased from 29.6% pre-pandemic to 95.1% since the pandemic. More than half of the GPs (59.5%) reported that their responsibilities in the practice had increased, and 41% were happy with the task shift. 27% felt that they received adequate support from the government; however, 20% reported that guidelines from the government posed a threat to the well-being of the practice staff. We found no associations with the rurality of the practice location or size of the municipalities. Conclusion Norwegian GPs adapted well to the need for increased use of alternatives to face-to-face consultations, and reported a high acceptance of their increased responsibilities. However, only one in four received adequate support from the government, which is an important learning point for similar situations in the future.
EFPC 2021 16th Conference, Abstracts, 2021
Overview of independent variables, number of respondents (N) and mean with standard deviation in ... more Overview of independent variables, number of respondents (N) and mean with standard deviation in parenthesis. Control and intervention group compared at baseline and follow-up. (PDF 172 kb)
Global Qualitative Nursing Research
During the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Norwegian health authorities introduced social dist... more During the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Norwegian health authorities introduced social distancing measures in nursing homes. The aim was to protect vulnerable residents from contracting the potentially deadly infection. Drawing on individual interviews with nursing home managers and physicians, and focus groups with nursing staff, we explore and describe consequences the social distancing measures had on nursing home residents’ health and wellbeing. The analysis indicates that most residents became socially deprived, while some became calmer during the nursing home lockdown. Nursing home staff, physicians and managers witnessed that residents’ health and functional capacity declined when services to maintain health, such as physiotherapy, were put on hold. In conclusion, we argue that although Norwegian health authorities managed to keep the infection rates low in nursing homes, this came at a high price for the residents however, as the social distancing measures also negativ...
Policy Press eBooks, Jul 18, 2023
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 8, 2023
What happened was that they [the residents] could not receive visitors. For those who usually did... more What happened was that they [the residents] could not receive visitors. For those who usually didn't get visitors, it wasn't a big deal. But it was significant especially for two residents, who were very close to their families. They had a lot of visitors. Almost every day. And now, all of a sudden, it's closed and they can't visit. And one of them didn't get it: why is it like this? It was difficult to explain. We saw that their general condition deteriorated, physically and mentally. One of them became bedridden, one wouldn't eat and was very down. At that point we had to put in measures so that families could visit. Then we experienced that the bedridden resident came out of their bed and the other resident's mood became better. (Registered nurse, nursing home, Norway) This is not a voluntary work [dugnad], it is our job! 1 (Focus-group interview of nursing staff, nursing home, Norway) Covid-19 has severely affected the physical and mental well-being of older adults, and nursing home (NH) residents most of all (Comas-Herrera et al., 2020). Declines in physical and mental health (Levere, Rowan, & Wysocki, 2021), increases in the use of medication (Campitelli et al., 2021), more social isolation (van Maurik et al., 2020), as well as increases in the number of deaths (Thompson et al., 2020) have accompanied Covid-19 in nursing homes. Recent research also indicates why Covid-19 was more severe in some NHs or in some jurisdictions, highlighting the specific characteristics of different facilities that influenced the degree of contagion. In particular, research finds NH size (larger NHs, more contagion), ownership (for-profit status, more contagion), degree of urbanization (larger communities, more contagion), singular/plural occupancies (plural occupancies, more contagion), stability of staff (less stable, more contagion), staff coverage (less staff, more contagion), NH age (older NHs, more contagion), and designated staff areas ("open spaces," more contagion), have all influenced the degree of contagion in NHs
Policy Press eBooks, Jul 18, 2023
Resultatene i denne studien tyder på at implementering mot å bli et livsgledesykehjem har ført ti... more Resultatene i denne studien tyder på at implementering mot å bli et livsgledesykehjem har ført til et større faglig fokus i sykehjemmene. Respondentene beskriver at sertifiseringsprosessen har gitt dem en bedre arbeidshverdag
A comparative discussion of the gendered implications of cash-for-care schemes: markets, independ... more A comparative discussion of the gendered implications of cash-for-care schemes: markets, independence and social citizenship in crisis? Social Policy & Administration, 43(6), 634-648 Shutes, I. & Chiatti, C. (2012) Migrant labour and the marketisation of care for older people: The employment of migrant care workers by families and service providers.
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 8, 2023
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Aug 8, 2023
There is no care without care workers. When it comes to the nursing home labour force, the pandem... more There is no care without care workers. When it comes to the nursing home labour force, the pandemic turned what was a dire situation into a crisis, with working conditions driving staff out of care. Well before Covid, international reports had been warning that population aging, combined with the poor working conditions in the sector, would mean severe shortages (e.g., Colombo et al., 2011). We also had warning that the increasing shift to for-profit services and to for-profit approaches to the organization of work, combined with "aging in place" policies, was limiting access to care while undermining the quality of work and the quality of care (Armstrong & Armstrong, 2020). As nursing home places failed to keep up with demand, entry into these homes was increasingly restricted to those with complex care needs. Covid turned barely enough care into not enough care as workers became ill or left because they feared getting ill, as part-time employees were restricted to one workplace, as schools closed so children were at home all day, as working conditions deteriorated, and as families were barred from care homes. In this chapter, we begin by looking at the nursing home labour force in Canada, Norway, and Sweden pre-pandemic. Because Canada has a federal system that leaves responsibility for health care primarily to the provinces and territories, resulting in considerable variation across the country, we focus mainly on Ontario, the most populous province. We draw on our nearly two decades of research employing multiple methods to study nursing homes in six countries (Chapter 1). We then turn to strategies introduced during the pandemic to shore up the labour force, asking whether these strategies are temporary or permanent. Finally, we explore whether these policies address the long-standing issues in the conditions of work that have been identified as necessary to support this labour force.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
BackgroundSocial alarms are considered an appropriate technology to ensure the safety and indepen... more BackgroundSocial alarms are considered an appropriate technology to ensure the safety and independence of older adults, but limited research has been conducted on their actual use. We, therefore, explored the access, experiences, and use of social alarms among home-bound people with dementia and their informal caregivers (dyads).MethodsFrom May 2019 to October 2021, the LIVE@Home.Path mixed-method intervention trial collected data from semi-quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews conducted among home-dwelling people with dementia and their informal caregivers in Norway. The study focused on data from the final assessment at 24 months.ResultsA total of 278 dyads were included, and 82 participants reached the final assessment. The mean age of the patients was 83 years; 74.6% were female; 50% lived alone; and 58% had their child as a caregiver. A total of 62.2% of subjects had access to a social alarm. Caregivers were more likely to answer that the device was not in use ...
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 2021
Background There is a knowledge gap regarding factors that may influence the access to different ... more Background There is a knowledge gap regarding factors that may influence the access to different devices for home-dwelling people with dementia (PwD). The aim of this study was to identify different assistive technology and telecare (ATT) devices installed in the home and key factors associated with access to such technology. Methods The baseline data came from the LIVE@Home.Path trial, a 24-month multi-component intervention including PwDs and their informal caregivers (dyads) and were collected through semi-quantitative questionnaires in three Norwegian municipalities between May and November of 2019. Regression models were applied to detect demographic and clinical factors associated with access to ATT. Results Of 438 screened dyads, 276 were included at baseline. The mean ages of the PwDs and caregivers were 82 ± 7.0 and 66 ± 12 years, respectively, and 62.8% of the PwD were female and 73.5% had access to any type of ATT. The majority had traditional equipment such as stove guar...
Proceedings of the 10th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, 2017
This paper is devoted to the healthcare-oriented characterisation of the human movements by means... more This paper is devoted to the healthcare-oriented characterisation of the human movements by means of the accelerometric and impulse-radar sensors-the sensors that may be employed in care services for monitoring of elderly and disabled persons. Characterisation of the movements in terms of the so-called self-selected walking velocity can be used by the medical and healthcare personnel to assess the overall health status of a monitored person. The quality of the characterisation, based on the measurement data from accelerometric and impulse-radar sensors, has been assessed in a series of real-world experiments which involved the estimation of the instantaneous and mean walking velocity of a person moving according to predefined patterns. Some indicators of uncertainty of the velocity estimation, determined with respect to assumed predefined velocity values, have been used for comparison of the performance of both types of sensors. The experiments have shown that impulse-radar sensors enable one to estimate the mean walking velocity more accurately than the accelerometric sensors: the estimates obtained on the basis of data from the latter sensors are affected by larger bias and are more widely spread around their mean values.
BMC Geriatrics, Oct 9, 2015
Ways of Home Making in Care for Later Life, 2020
In this chapter, we articulate this volume’s key conceptualization of home as a verb. The book’s ... more In this chapter, we articulate this volume’s key conceptualization of home as a verb. The book’s aspiration is to unlock home, and look at the work it always takes to make home when home intersects with new forms or modes of care because of ageing. We argue that the three modes of ordering the book—moving imaginaries, negotiating institutions and shifting arrangements—allow us to deeply uproot the imaginary of home (and care) as fixed and unmovable. After presenting the different chapters in these three parts of the book, we articulate how this ‘verbing’ of home with care affords room to not only interpret but also design and practise home-care arrangements in new ways.