Roy Efendi | Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (original) (raw)

Papers by Roy Efendi

Line (L) × tester (T) analysis is one of the breeding approaches to select inbred with good combi... more Line (L) × tester (T) analysis is one of the breeding approaches to select inbred with good combining ability. Maize varieties with erect and narrow leaf angles can increase yield under high-density populations. This study used line x tester analysis to assess the combining ability and gene action from several S5 inbred lines of erect leaf idiotype and select high yield of LxT maize hybrids. The research evaluated 44 hybrids derived from crossing between 11 lines x 4 testers and four commercial maize as controls from February to May 2022 using the alpha lattice design with three replications. The results showed that the yield, yield components, plant height, leaf curve pattern, and leaf angle traits were controlled by additive genetics more than dominance genetics. The proportional contribution of lines, testers, and their interaction to the total variance showed that the line has great contributions for yield and plant height traits, while inbred testers have contributions for leaf orientation score and leaf angle traits. Therefore, the selection of inbred lines with good general combining ability (GCA) for yield trait and the tester inbred have good GCA for orientation score and leaf angle. Those inbreed have a great opportunity to become parents for developing high-yield hybrids with ideotype erect and narrow-angle leaves. The best hybrid was obtained from the L7 x T1 cross-test with a yield of 8.97 t/ha ha-1 , significantly higher than commercial varieties. The hybrid also has a narrow leaf angle (16.09 o) and a slightly erect leaf curve (score of 2.51). This hybrid can be evaluated further to be released as a high productivity hybrid maize variety with erect leaf and narrow leaf angles idiotypes.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

The productivity of maize may be increased by using maize hybrid ideotype (erect leaves and small... more The productivity of maize may be increased by using maize hybrid ideotype (erect leaves and small leaf angles) which is adaptive under high plant population density. The hybrids maize was desirable in increasing the plant density due to better light interception and space so that it can increase the yield per unit area. The aim of the research was to assess S3 lines that had good combining ability and to determine the traits associated with high yields under high plant population density (83.333 plants/ha). A total of 242 hybrids (F1) were examined from a crossed combination of 121 lines x 2 tester were evaluated with three commercial hybrid varieties such as Bisi 18, P 27, and P 36. The evaluation was carried under high plant population density (83,333 plants/ha) in the rainy season (November 2020 – February 2021). The research used an alpha lattice design with three replications. The results showed that the inbred lines had a greater effect on the yield character and yield components, while the leaf angle and leaf orientation effected by the tester. The lines that had good general combining ability for high yielding were M3B11P27T3-11-3-1, P27M3B11T3-1-4-2, P27M3B11T3-1-2-1, M3B11P27T3-8-4-1, P27M3B11T1-7 -1-1, M3B11P27T1-1-1-3. The yield range of the hybrids were 8.43-9.90 t/ha, significantly higher than Bisi 18, P 27, P 36 varieties were 7.13 t/ha. Traits such as small leaf angle, erect leaf, root and stem lodging resistance, stem diameter, leaf length, ear diameter, and kernel row number were significantly correlated with high yield under high plant population density.

BIODIVERSITAS, 2023

Breeding and utilization of Al-tolerant maize are among the technological applications for preven... more Breeding and utilization of Al-tolerant maize are among the technological applications for preventing a decrease in the growth rate and grain yield of maize in suboptimal fields. This study aimed to determine the growth and production of maize lines under Al stress, obtain maize lines that are tolerant to Al stress, and determine Al absorption in the tested maize lines. This study comprised two steps. In the first step, maize lines were evaluated in acid soils with a pH of 5.12 and an Al saturation of around 22.13%, while the normal condition was carried out on soil with a pH of 6.60 and 0% Al saturation. The study was arranged in a randomized block with three replications. The maize lines used were 24 genotypes consisting of 20 maize lines and four elite lines as a check (Mal 03, CLYN 231, G102612, B11209). In the second step, maize lines were evaluated in the nutrient solution. This study was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was the concentration of Al at three levels, i.e., 0, 7, and 14 ppm. The subplot comprised seven maize lines representing sensitive, medium tolerant, and tolerant categories. They were Pop.

BIODIVERSITAS , 2023

Stalk rot disease caused by Dickeya zeae is one of the important diseases of corn in Indonesia. H... more Stalk rot disease caused by Dickeya zeae is one of the important diseases of corn in Indonesia. Host resistance cultivars are an effective and sustainable control measure of the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the resistance of 15 S1 hybrid maize lines to stalk rot disease. The research was conducted in two seasons (DS and WS) using a randomized block design with 3 replications. The D. zeae suspension with 10 8 cfu/mL concentration was inoculated into the plant test 45 Days After Planting (DAP). Disease incidence and severity were observed during the two seasons. The results showed that all tested lines were infected with stalk rot disease but had various resistance reactions. Disease incidence and severity in the dry season were higher than in the rainy season. In the rainy season all test lines followed the 3 models of disease development, but in the dry season, all lines followed the monomolecular model. Further analysis showed that 3 lines of hybrid maize had the lowest AUDPC value with a protection index of more than 50% in two growing seasons. Stalk lignin content had negative correlation with a disease incidence of-0.60877, so it can be used as a parameter of plant resistance to disease. Tested lines that show resistance to the disease could potentially be useful as new varieties of maize.

Biodiversitas, 2023

Corn is an important crop worldwide for food, feed, and industry. The aims of this study were to ... more Corn is an important crop worldwide for food, feed, and industry. The aims of this study were to study kernel morphological and corn flour physicochemical properties and hybrids selection according to nutritional values for food industries. Plant materials were 15 test hybrids and four check varieties, namely RK457, RK57, BISI18, and NASA29. Kernel morphological and corn flour physicochemical variations are influenced by kernel type. All dent hybrids had 40/0 mesh corn flour yielded significantly higher compared to NASA29. °Dent scores were negatively correlated to 40/0 mesh corn flour yields. The total and soluble carbohydrates of dent corn flour hybrids are significantly higher compared to semident and semi-flint corn flour hybrids. According to corn flour nutritional values in polygon GT biplot analysis, dent hybrids had relatively high starch, total carbohydrate, and soluble carbohydrate contents. Semi-dent hybrids had relatively high moisture, crude protein, and total ash contents. Semi-flint hybrid had relatively high crude fat and crude fiber contents. Cluster-2 was dominated by dent hybrids according to the fuzzy clustering method and selected as potential hybrids. MSM53 was the female parent of dent hybrids in cluster-2. Potential hybrids could be evaluated further by corn flour functional properties analysis.

Ordo Famili Genus Spesies Methano bacteriales Methanobacteri aceae Methanobacterium Methanobrevi ... more Ordo Famili Genus Spesies Methano bacteriales Methanobacteri aceae Methanobacterium Methanobrevi bacter M. formicicum M. bryanti M. thermoautotrop hicum M. ruminantium M. arboriphilus M. smithii M. vannielli Methanococc ales Methanococcaceae Methanococcus Methanomicro bium M. voltae M. mobile Methano microbiales Methanomicro biaceae Methanogenium Methanospillum M. cariaci M. marisnigri M. hungatei M. barkeri Methanosarcinac eae

Kultivasi

Genetic parameters, which include genetic variability, heritability, and correlation between char... more Genetic parameters, which include genetic variability, heritability, and correlation between characters, are essential factors in the selection process. This study aims to: 1) determine the genetic variability and heritability for agronomic characters in hybrid maize and 2) determine the characteristics that directly affect hybrid maize yield. The experiment was conducted at Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) Maros from June to October 2021. Fourteen maize hybrids genotypes were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. The observed traits were plant height, ear height, stalk diameter, leaf angle, leaf length, leaf width, days to anthesis, days to silking, days to maturity, number of harvested plants, number of harvested ears, fresh ear weight, shelling percentage, moisture content, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, 1000 seeds weight and yield. The results showed that agronomic characters with high heritability and broad genetic variability were plant height, ear height, leaf angle, leaf length, ear diameter, and 1000 seeds weight. The characters that most influence final yield were fresh ear weight and shelling percentage

Jurnal Agro

Keakuratan dalam seleksi jagung hibrida toleran N rendah dapat ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan beb... more Keakuratan dalam seleksi jagung hibrida toleran N rendah dapat ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan beberapa indeks seleksi secara sekaligus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi indeks toleransi yang sesuai untuk seleksi jagung hibrida toleran N rendah serta memilih jagung hibrida toleran N rendah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di IP2TP Bajeng Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia Kabupaten Gowa bulan April sampai dengan September 2021. Sebanyak 8 hibrida dan 2 varietas pembanding ditanam pada rancangan tersarang tiga ulangan. Genotipe tersarang pada taraf pupuk N. Taraf pupuk N meliputi 100 kg N ha-1 dan 200 kg N ha-1. Indeks toleransi meliputi Tolerance (TOL), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Harmonic Mean (HM), Stress Tolerant Index (STI), Relative Tolerant Index (RTI), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Yield Index (YI), Stress Relative Index (SI), Yield Stability Index (YSI), Stress Susceptibility Percentage Index (SSPI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indek...

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

Unpredictable rainfall in the tropics often increases the risk of waterlogging or even flooding i... more Unpredictable rainfall in the tropics often increases the risk of waterlogging or even flooding in agricultural lands, hindering the efforts to fulfill maize demands. Breeding maize for waterlogging tolerance is necessary yet challenging since performing varietal testing on a set of hybrids might be biased toward the presence of genotype and environment interaction (GEI). This study aimed to elucidate the GEI effects on yield and related agronomic traits of tropical maize hybrids under normal irrigation and waterlogging conditions and to assess the adaptability of these hybrids in such conditions using several stability models. Ten hybrids including two commercial checks were evaluated across 14 environments under normal and waterlogging conditions in Indonesia from 2018 to 2020. Waterlogging imposed at the V6 stage for ten consecutive days significantly hampered the plant height and ear height, slightly delayed flowering dates, and reduced yield and yield components. The genotype, ...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

The study of android based maize assessment was done by involving two popular machine learning so... more The study of android based maize assessment was done by involving two popular machine learning software i.e. teachable machine and android studio. The classification model was performed in online teachable machine learning while interface generation was performed in android studio. Various maize tassel from male, female and contamination plants were collected and used for training and model validation. The results indicated that Android-based tassel classification was successfully applied to the study area with accuracy of 80.7%. In addition, the error of classification was 19.3%, a relatively lower values for large testing datasets. Several mis-classification were found particularly at similar tassel shape. The integration of the model with smartphone technology enables rapid recognition of off-type plant at real-time, even though operated by personnel with limited skills or no knowledge seed technology on maize parental lines ideotype.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

One of the strategies to increase maize production is by selecting the proper combination among v... more One of the strategies to increase maize production is by selecting the proper combination among variety and planting density. The plant density population experiment was carried out to identify the candidate of maize variety that has high productivity with limited sunlight levels. Our hypothesis was how the erect leaf maize type can get optimal sunlight and affect the productivity. The study was conducted in IP2TP Bajeng, Gowa, South Sulawesi from March to June 2020. This study was designed under split plot design where spacing or plant density as the main plot with 3 levels of treatment (70 cm x 20 cm (population 71,428 plants/ha), 60 cm x 20 cm (population 83,333 plants/ha) and 50 cm x 20 cm (population 100,000 plants/ha). Furthermore, eight genotypes of hybrid maize (ERC 01, ERC 02, ERC 03, ERC 04, ERC 05, ERC 06, ERC 07, ERC 08), including control varieties (JH 45 and Pioneer 36) were treated as the sub-plots. The results indicated that the maize yield increase in line with the ...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

Information about combining ability and genetic parameters guide maize breeders in selecting pare... more Information about combining ability and genetic parameters guide maize breeders in selecting parents and gene action of the desired trait. This study aims to determine the general combining ability of the yield characters of shading tolerant maize lines and the genetic parameters of their agronomic characters. This research was conducted at IP2TP Bajeng in December 2020-March 2021. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The genotypes used were nine hybrids obtain from a partial diallelic (2x6). The results showed that line SHD3 showed good general ability for yield. High heritability values were shown by variables days to anthesis, days to silk, plant height, ear height, leaf length, leaf width, 100 grains weight and ear diameter.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022

Fusarium Stalk Rot disease caused by F. verticillioides has become one of the most serious issues... more Fusarium Stalk Rot disease caused by F. verticillioides has become one of the most serious issues confronting Indonesian farmers in recent years. An alternative option for suppressing this disease is to use indigenous microbes as an eco-friendly method to reduce synthetic fungicides. The ojective of the research was to identify the molecular characteristics and effectiveness of an indigenous microbial consortium in controlling Fusarium Stalk Rot disease. Identification of indigenous microbes is carried out based on molecular characters using universal primers, namely ITS-1/ITS-4 for fungi and 27F/1492R for bacteria. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed using Bioedit 7.2 version and MEGAX software. In vitro testing was carried out using the dual culture method for indigenous fungi and the disc diffusion method for indigenous bacteria. Meanwhile, in planta testing was conducted by evaluating a consortium of fungi and bacteria to control F. verticillioides in the field using a randomized block design with three replications, followed by a 5% DMRT test. The use of universal primer pairs ITS-1/ITS-4 and 27F/1492R succeeded in amplifying DNA bands of indigenous microbial isolates measuring ±600 bp and ±1465 bp, respectively. S6 and S9 bacterial isolates were identified as B. cereus. JRP 7 and SEDF 6A isolates were identified as T. asperellum and JRP 10 isolate was identified as P. raperi. All identification results with homology &amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;99%. JRP 7, JRP 10, SEDF 6A, S6, and S9 isolates showed inhibitory reactions against F. verticillioides in vitro with an inhibition percentage of &amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;60%. Disease severity of B6B9C10, B6B9C6, B6B9C7, B9C6C7, B9C7C10, and C6C7C10 treatments significantly showed their ability to control F. verticillioides in the field with a lower percentage of disease severity compared to positive controls, which are 23.33%, 18.89%, 23.33%. , 21.85%, 14.07%, and 15.93%, respectively. The B9C7C10 consortium (S9 + JRP 7 + JRP 10 isolates) containing three types of indigenous microbes, i.e. B. cereus, T. asperellum, and P. raperi is the most effective at controlling F. verticillioides and has the potential to be developed for use as biopesticide products.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

Most of the land for maize development in Indonesia has low N limiting factor, thus it is necessa... more Most of the land for maize development in Indonesia has low N limiting factor, thus it is necessary to develop a proper maize breeding programs tolerant to low N conditions. One of the breeding methods suitable for low N evaluation is the diallel method between inbred parents (homozygous lines) that are tolerant of low N stress. The aim of this study was to assess the genotype tolerance to low N with comparable yields. The research consisted of two stages. The first stage is the development of hybrid maize grains (F1) using the half diallel cross method. This activity was carried out in KP. Maros, Research Center for Cereal Crops. A half-diallel cross refers to the Griffing IV method, by involving 11 low N-tolerant genotypes (AVLN 100-1, AVLN 118-2, AVLN 122-2, AVLN 124-4, AVLN 32-3, AVLN 83-1, AVLN 83-4, AVLN 83-6, AVLN 86-2, MAL 04, and AVLN 124-9). The second stage was carried out in KP. Bajeng to evaluate 52 genotypes of hybrid maize from diallel crosses plus four hybrid varieti...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

High yielding corn is primarily derived from a cross-pollination among superior appearing male an... more High yielding corn is primarily derived from a cross-pollination among superior appearing male and female plants. Cross-pollination is closely linked at the tasseling/flowering stage, marked by the emergence of tassel for 5-10 days. With the advancement of machine learning, there are opportunities to apply deep learning models to control the purity of plants. The research aims to develop a decision support system based on deep learning to enable earlier identification and removal of contamination/off-type plants during seed production. The datasets containing 1,587 tassel images taken by high resolution camera. The results of the training and the validation sequence indicated a highly correlated accuracy score. A quite contrasting tassel morphology makes it easier for the model to distinguish on and off-type plants. The loss value during the training and the validation stages was 0.05 and 0.1 respectively. A stand-alone graphical user interface (GUI) was deployed to support the earl...

Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes for High Biomass Production and Ratooning Ability. The poss... more Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes for High Biomass Production and Ratooning Ability. The possibility of sustainable use of sweet sorghum as raw material for animal feed and bioethanol need to be supported by evaluation and selection of sweet sorghum genotypes for high biomass production, sugar content of the stalk, and its ratooning ability. An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Cereal Crops Research Institute, Maros, during the anomalic season (La Nina) from November 2009 to September 2010. Fourteen genotypes of sweet sorghum were planted in plots arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The sorghum seeds were planted as primary crop plants in November 2009 and harvested in February 2010. Ratoons of the primary crop (Ratoon I) started to grow in February 2010 and was harvested in May 2010, while Ratoon II started to grow in May 2010 and was harvested in August 2010. The results showed that none of the sorghum genotypes had the potent...

Indonesian Journal of Fundamental Sciences, 2018

This study aims to see the effect of optimal dosage of ZA fertilizer on maize productivity and q... more This study aims to see the effect of optimal dosage of ZA fertilizer on maize productivity and quality. The results showed that the treatment without urea, in the treatment of NPK 300 / kg + ZA 100 kg / ha fertilizer dosage will decrease the yield from 10.8 tons / ha to 9.1 tons / ha, and BC Ratio 2.34 to 2, 08. Further treatment without urea (NPK + Urea) has the highest production of NPK fertilizer 300 kg / ha + ZA 200 kg / ha with profit rate Rp. 20.435.000, - and B-C Ratio 2.21. Furthermore the addition of ZA fertilizer doses will actually reduce the production and B-C Ratio

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020

Prolificacy in maize is an adaptability character, with influence on production capacity and prod... more Prolificacy in maize is an adaptability character, with influence on production capacity and production stability. Prolificacy is the maize natural property to develop more ears on the same plant. Prolificacy maize can produce more than one ear per plant so it can increase the production per unit area of land. In addition, prolific maize is able to utilize the growth factors more efficiently and has higher yield stability compared to non-prolific maize. Prolific hybrid maize is also reported to be more tolerant to low humidity during the pollination and kernel filling phases. This study aims to determine the prolific percentage and yield of maize hybrid tested at different levels of population density and nitrogen fertilization. The study was conducted in September-December 2017 in Gowa using two candidates varieties of hybrid maize and NASA 29 and Bisi 2 variety as comparisons. The experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot is the spacin...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

BIODIVERSITAS, 2023

BIODIVERSITAS , 2023

Biodiversitas, 2023

Kultivasi

Jurnal Agro

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

Indonesian Journal of Fundamental Sciences, 2018

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020

Metode Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (Randomized Completed ... more Metode Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (Randomized Completed Block Design), dengan 3 ulangan. Bila terdapat perbedaan nilai tengah varietas dalam uji F, dilanjutkan dengan uji Least significance different (LSD) pada taraf nyata 5%. Analisis stabilitas hasil menggunakan metode Finlay dan Wilkinson (1963). Pengolahan tanah dilakukan dengan olah tanah sempurna, kemudian dibuat plot baris. Panjang plot adalah 5 m. lebar plot 3 m sehingga dengan jarak antar baris 75 cm terdapat 4 baris per petak (genotipe). Jarak tanaman dalam barisan 20 cm, 1 tanaman per rumpun (ditanam 2 atau 1 biji/lubang, lalu dijarangkan menjadi 1 tanaman per rumpun saat tanaman umur 2 mst) sehingga terdapat 25 rumpun. Dengan demikian untuk setiap petak disiapkan benih sejumlah: 4 (baris) x 2-1 (biji/lubang) x 25 (lubang/baris) = ±150 butir Benih sejumlah 150 butir ini telah dimasukkan ke dalam setiap amplop. Isi setiap amplop adalah benih untuk SATU petakan. Jumlah petakan seluruhnya sama dengan jumlah amplop, yakni adalah jumlah varietas/entries x jumlah ulangan. Setiap amplop diberi Label dengan nomor entri, dan nomor petakan. Pada saat tanam dan selama pemeliharaan diaplikasikan Furadan 3 G dengan dosis 8-10 kg/ha. Pemupukan pertama dilakukan pada 7-10 hari setelah tanam dengan pemberian NPK Phonska 15:15:15 dengan dosis 350 kg/ha + urea dengan dosis 100 kg/ha. Sesaat setelah pemupukan dilakukan perjarangan dengan menyisakan 25 tanaman per baris. Pemupukan kedua dilakukan pada umur 37-45 hari setelah tanam yaitu pemberian Urea dengan dosis 250 kg/ha. Penyiraman, penyiangan, dan pembumbunan dilakukan secara optimal, sedangkan aplikasi herbisida/insektisida menyesuaikan kebutuhan. Buku Lapangan Buku lapangan disiapkan untuk memudahkan pencatatan. Nomor petakan, nomor entri, dan ulangan harus cocok dengan label yang disiapkan di lapangan. Print out dari buku lapangan disiapkan bersama dalam paket JUKNIS ini. Harap isi form/print out ini setelah semua data terkumpul. Pencatatan data pengamatan diupayakan pada 'Buku Lapangan' ini.

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (Randomized Completed Block D... more Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (Randomized Completed Block Design), dengan 3 ulangan. Bila terdapat perbedaan nilai tengah varietas dalam uji F, dilanjutkan dengan uji Least significance different (LSD) pada taraf nyata 5%. Analisis stabilitas hasil menggunakan metode Finlay dan Wilkinson (1963).

2005 3 KATA PENGANTAR Katalog plasma nutfah jagung berisi informasi yang didapat dari berbagai di... more 2005 3 KATA PENGANTAR Katalog plasma nutfah jagung berisi informasi yang didapat dari berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti agronomi, pemuliaan, hama penyakit dan kimia. Katalog ini berisi informasi data pasport, karakterisasi dan evaluasi. Junlah aksesi plasma nutfah jagung sebanyak 463 aksesi. Beberpa informasi tidak disediakan didalam katalog ini, dikarenakan data yang dimiliki tiap aksesi tidak sama lengkap. Tetapi informasi lengkap dapat dilihat di database plasma nutfa serealia versi 1.5. Terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam mengumpulkan, mengiput, verivikasi dan memberikan data atau informasi plasma nutfah jagung. Maros, Penulis 4 KETERANGAN DATA PASPORT PLASMA NUTFAH JAGUNG 1.

The level of homozygosity and genetic diversity are accurately detected by codominant SSRs marker... more The level of homozygosity and genetic diversity are accurately detected by
codominant SSRs markers. The research aimed to select homozygosity and
analyze genetic diversity of 51 maize inbreds using 36 SSRs markers. The
result shows that there were 30 inbreds indicating homozygosity level of
more than 80%. The diversity of those inbreds was moderately high, with
genetic similarity of between 0.22 and 0.87 distributed within six heterotic
groups. The farthest genetic distance of 0.87 was detected on inbred pair
1044_3 vs Nei9008. Meanwhile the closest genetic distance of 0.22 was
showed by inbred pair G20133077 vs G2013627. Inbred pairs with genetic
distance of more than 0.7 were potentially generating high heterotic parental
combinations.

Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi sebagaimana dimak sud dalam... more Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi sebagaimana dimak sud dalam Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf i untuk Penggunaan Secara Komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp 100.000.000,00 (seratus juta rupiah). (2) Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak dan/atau tanpa izin Pencipta atau pemegang Hak Cipta melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi Pencipta sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf c, huruf d, huruf f, dan/atau huruf g untuk Penggunaan Secara Komerial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp 500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah). (3) Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak dan/atau tanpa izin Pencipta atau pemegang Hak Cipta melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi Pencipta sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf a, huruf b, huruf e, dan/atau huruf g untuk Penggunaan Secara Komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp 1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah). (4) Setiap orang yang memenuhi unsur sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) yang dilakukan dalam bentuk pembajakan, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp 4.000.000.000,00 (empat miliar rupiah).

unhas Pres

IAARD Press

Buku Aplikasi STAR untuk Perancangan Percobaan dibuat untuk membantu pengguna untuk menganalisis ... more Buku Aplikasi STAR untuk Perancangan Percobaan dibuat untuk
membantu pengguna untuk menganalisis data secara praktis. Buku ini
membahas berbagai aspek diantaranya dasar perancangan percobaan,
analisis rancangan acak lengkap, rancangan acak kelompok, rancangan
petak terpisah, analisis gabungan, analisis klastering, analisis regresi,
analisis korelasi dan analisis lintas. Dengan beragam contoh yang disajikan
diharapkan dapat membantu pengguna dalam menggunakan aplikasi ini
perencanaan percobaan dan analisis
datanya lebih mudah dilakukan dengan bantuan software statistik.
Diantara program statistik yang banyak digunakan adalah SPSS, SAS
dan software terbaru yang dilaunching oleh IRRI yaitu STAR. SPSS telah
dikenal secara luas sebagai perangkat analisis yang ampuh bukan hanya
di bidang eksakta tetapi juga bidang ekonomi dan sosial budaya. SAS
sendiri mempunyai kelebihan yang memungkinkan menganalisis data
yang banyak dalam waktu singkat. STAR menggabungkan kelebihan
dari SPSS dan SAS dengan operasi berbasis interface.

Seiring kemajuan teknologi, perencanaan percobaan dan analisis datanya lebih mudah dilakukan deng... more Seiring kemajuan teknologi, perencanaan percobaan dan analisis datanya
lebih mudah dilakukan dengan bantuan software statistik. Diantara program
statistik yang banyak digunakan adalah SPSS dan SAS. SPSS telah dikenal secara
luas sebagai perangkat analisis yang ampuh bukan hanya di bidang eksakta tetapi
juga bidang ekonomi dan sosial budaya. SAS sendiri mempunyai kelebihan yang
memungkinkan menganalisis data yang banyak dalam waktu singkat.
Buku Aplikasi SPSS dan SAS untuk Perancangan Percobaan dibuat untuk
membantu pengguna untuk menganalisis data secara praktis. Buku ini membahas
berbagai aspek diantaranya dasar perancangan percobaan, analisis rancangan acak
lengkap, rancangan acak kelompok, rancangan petak terpisah, bujur sangkar latin,
analisis regresi, analisis korelasi dan analisis lintas. Dengan beragam contoh yang
disajikan diharapkan dapat membantu pengguna dalam menggunakan aplikasi ini

Penelitian penggunaan hibrida di Indonesia pernah dilakukan pada tahun 1913, dengan tujuan mening... more Penelitian penggunaan hibrida di Indonesia pernah dilakukan pada
tahun 1913, dengan tujuan meningkatkan produksi. Schrender (59)
melaporkan bahwa yang ditanam adalah hibrida varietas (varietal
hybrids) dan memberikan hasil yang cukup baik. Kemudian penelitian
dilanjutkan oleh Koch (59) mengenai penggunaan hibrida silang ganda, dan dilaporkan bahwa aspek hibrida kurang baik untuk pertanian di Indonesia.
Setelah perang dunia kedua selesai, usaha penanaman hibrida
dihidupkan kembali. Roelof sen (59) mengatakan bahwa kemungkinan
untuk hibrida di Indonesia masih sangat kecil karena kenaikan daya basil sebesar 20% tidak dapat mengimbangi harga benih yang mahal. Akhirnya diputuskan untuk menghasilkan jenis varietas bersari bebas karena benihnya lebih murah.
Pada tahun 1983 disusun suatu Rencana Penelitian Jagung Hibrida Nasional yang lalu dimantapkan pada tahun berikutnya. Akan tetapi belum setahun program itu dilaksanakan, sebuah perusahaan swasta memasukkan hibrida Cl ke Indonesia, dan langsung mulai merintis
perluasan hibrida secara gencar. Perluasan penanaman hibrida ini
merupakan bukti bahwa perusahaan swasta dapat berperan secara efektif membantu pemerintah dalam pendidikan petani dan pembangunan pertanian, melalui media televisi, surat kabar, baik dalam bentuk berita maupun iklan dan petak.-petak demonstrasi.
Tidak semua hibrida yang telah dilepas, baik yang dirakit oleh perusahaan swasta maupun badan pemerintah diterima dan ditanam secara luas oleh petani. Dari pemantauan sementara, petani mempunyai tipe tanaman yang mereka senangi (ideotype) antara lain daya basil tinggi, batang harus tegap, batang dan tongkol tidak terlalu tinggi,
dan tahan rebah. Hibrida Cl mempunyai tipe tanaman yang paling mendekati ideotype petani, dan sejak dilepas sampai sekarang tetap merupakan hibrida yang paling populer

Jagung merupakan tanaman pangan kedua sesudah padi dengan luas panen berfluktuasi, rata-rata 2,7 ... more Jagung merupakan tanaman pangan kedua sesudah padi dengan luas panen berfluktuasi, rata-rata 2,7 juta ha untuk tahun 1973-86. Melalui program intensifikasi, hasil rata-rata nasional meningkat terus dari 1,08 t/ha pada tahun 1973 menjadi 1,94 t/ha pada tahun 1986 (Gambar 1)
(18). Meski demikian hasil tersebut masih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan hasil rata-rata 1983-85 sebesar 3,70 t/ha untuk Cina atau 3,40 t/ha untuk seluruh dunia (4).
Varietas-varietas bersari bebas yang dilepas memberi hasil rata-rata percobaan di berbagai tempat dan musim sebesar 3,30-5,40 t/ha, dan di beberapa lingkungan bahkan bisa di atas 6,00 t/ha. Untuk jagung hibrida angka-angka tersebut adalah 5,50-6,20 t/ha dan 8,00 t/ha. Dalam Proyek Opsus "Nusa Makmur" tahun 1981 di Nusa Tenggara Timur yang meliputi areal seluas 40.000-50.000 ha, varietas Arjuna rata-rata menghasilkan 3,00 t/ha atau 71 % dari rata-rata percobaan Balai Peneli¬tian. PT Bright Indonesia Seed Industry (BISI) di Kediri dalam mempro¬duksi benih telah melakukan kerjasama dengan petani. Kerjasama dalam tahun 1984-85 yang meliputi 2.265 petani dengan lahan 760 ha menunjuk¬kan bahwa varietas Arjuna memberi basil rata-rata 4,29 Ma,' sama dengan rata-rata percobaan Balai Penelitian (Banjerd Bonsue, komunikasi pribadi). Data survei di lima kabupaten (Banjarnegara, Blora, Bojonegoro, Lumajang, dan Kediri) untuk musim kemarau dan musim hujan 1984/85 di lahan kering, sawah tadah hujan, sawah beririgasi meliputi 91 sampel menunjukkan bahwa Arjuna memberi hasil rata-rata 3,70 t/ha

Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung ialah dengan menggunakan varietas unggul atau ... more Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung ialah dengan menggunakan varietas unggul atau hibrida. Hibrida dapat memberikan hasil biji lebih tinggi daripada varietas bersari-bebas. Namun harga benih hibrida jauh lebih mahal daripada benih varietas bersari-behas, dan setiap kali tanam petani harus membeli benih baru. Hal ini merupakan salah satu kendala utama kurang cepatnya perluasan jagung hibrida. Varietas, atau populasi, merupakan bahan dasar pembentukan jagung hibrida, oleh karena itu tingkat produksi hibrida tergantung kepada bahan dasar atau varietas yang digunakan untuk pembentukan hibrida. Makin tinggi potensi basil populasi bahan dasarnya, makin tinggi pula basil jagung hibrida yang
diperoleh. Oleh karena itu perbaikan populasi harus terus dilakukan. Selain itu produksi benih varietas bersari-bebas juga sederhana dan dapat dengan mudah dilaksanakan oleh petani atau kelompok tani.

Tanaman jagung sudah lama diusahakan petani Indonesia dan merupa¬kan tanaman pokok kedua setelah ... more Tanaman jagung sudah lama diusahakan petani Indonesia dan merupa¬kan tanaman pokok kedua setelah padi. Penduduk Indonesia bagian timur seperti Nusa Tenggara Timur, Timor Timur dan sebagian Maluku serta Irian sudah biasa menggunakan jagung sebagai makanan pokok sehari-hari. Jagung yang diusahakan di daerah tersebut biasanya jagung putih varietas lokal dengan produktivitas rendah.
Sebelum tahun 1980-an sering terjadi kegagalan panen disebabkan ter¬utama oleh penyakit bulai. Pada tahun-tahun delapan puluhan beberapa varietas yang mempunyai cukup ketahanan terhadap penyakit bulai berha¬sil dilepas, antara lain Harapan Baru (1978), Bromo (1980), Arjuna (1980), dan beberapa jagung hibrida (1983).
Konsumen jagung terbesar selama ini adalah untuk pangan dan industri pakan. Semakin baiknya kehidupan ekonomi, maka konsumsi protein hewani akan semakin meningkat. Hale ini langsung mendorong berkembangnya industri peternakan, khususnya ternak ayam. Dalam ransum pakan ayam, 'komponen terbesar adalah jagung (50%) sehingga semakin tumbuhnya industri pakan menuntut penyediaan jagung yang semakin meningkat. Kebutuhan jagung untuk peternakan selama Repe¬lifa IV (1984-88) meningkat 17% per tahun.

Dalam tahun 1980-81 jagung menyumbang sebesar 10,4% terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto tanaman pangan... more Dalam tahun 1980-81 jagung menyumbang sebesar 10,4% terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto tanaman pangan. Akan tetapi dalam periode 1982-85 kontribusi jagung menurun menjadi hanya 2,8%.
Sebagai bahan pangan, jagung adalah sumber karbohidrat kedua
setelah beras. Di samping itu jagung digunakan pula sebagai bahan
makanan ternak (pakan) dan bahan baku industri.
Penggunaan jagung untuk pakan meningkat terus dengan laju kenaikan lebih dari 10% per tahun. Kalau pada tahun 1975 jagung yang digunakan sebagai pakan hanya 15%, maka pada tahun 1985 proporsinya
telah mencapai' 38%. Sebaliknya jagung yang digunakan untuk bahan
pangan menurun dari 78% pada tahun 1975 menjadi 48% pada tahun 1985.
Dalam periode tahun 1977-85 produksi jagung meningkat dengan
laju kenaikan 4,7% per tahun. Hasil per hek tar meningkat pula dari
0,9 ton pada tahun 1969 menjadi 1,8 ton tahun 1985. Namun tingkat produktivitas tersebut masih jauh lebih rendah dari tingkat produksi potensial yang dapat dicapai petani. Di tingkat lembaga penelitian, hasil jagung bersari bebas dapat mencapai 4-5 t/ha sedangkan .jagung hibrida 5-7 t/ha (7).
Sebagian kecil dari jagung Indonesia diekspor ke pasar internasional. Sejak diizinkannya ekspor jagung tahun 1965, volume ekspor terus me¬ningkat, bahkan pada tahun 1970 mencapai 287 ribu ton atau sekitar 10% dari total produksi. Namun sejak tahun 1975 ekspor komoditi ini terus menurun, mungkin karena terus meningkatnya permintaan jagung di dalam negeri. Sementara itu Indonesia juga mengimpor jagung .sejak tahun 1973 sampai sekarang.
Dari uraian di atas tampak bahwa permintaan jagung akan terus meningkat terutama untuk pakan dan bahan baku industri. Sementara itu produktivitas yang dicapai oleh petani masih rendah. Dengan .demi¬kian pengembangan usahatani tanaman jagung merupakan tantangan yang mendesak. Selain itu, pengembangan produksi jagung dan palawija pada umumnya adalah bagian dari usaha diversifikasi untuk menuju struktur pertanian Indonesia yang lebih berimbang

Tidak banyak varietas tanaman jagung yang mampu bertahan pada dataran tinggi bersuhu dingin. Kend... more Tidak banyak varietas tanaman jagung yang mampu bertahan pada dataran tinggi bersuhu dingin. Kendala utama yang kerap dihadapi adalah serangan penyakit hawar daun, busuk tongkol dan bulai. Tapi hebatnya, calon varietas Nakula Sadewa (NASA) 29 yang diluncurkan oleh Presiden RI, Joko Widodo, di Boyolali tahun lalu, mampu bertahan dan tumbuh sangat baik di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Gurgur, Kabupaten Toba Samosir, Sumatera Utara. Peneliti Balitsereal, Dr. Roy Effendi di sela-sela liputan Jelajah Inovasi, Rabu (24/5) menjelaskan, bahwa calon varietas ini elah dilakukan pengujian di 16 lokasi dengan berbagai tipe agroklimatologi. Sebagian besar wilayah pengujian berupa dataran rendah dan untuk dataran tinggi dilakukan di KP Gurgur (ketinggian 1200 meter dpl) dan Brastagi. Setelah melihat sendiri pertanaman jagung NASA 29, Roy sangat antusias dengan perfoma tongkol yang 90 % bertongkol dua. Sampai dengan menjelang panen, serangan hawar daun sangat rendah, sedangkan busuk tongkol dan bulai tidak ditemukan. Roy memperkirakan, dengan melihat ukuran tongkol dan prolifiknya, produksi dapat mencapai minimal 12 ton per hektar, sementara varietas lain hanya sekitar 8 ton per hektar. Penanggung Jawab KP Gurgur, Jintamin menambahkan sampai menjelang panen batang jagung ini besar dan kuat, sehingga tahan rebah. Sedangkan untuk verietas lokal yang ditanam oleh petani sering mengalami rebah akibat terpaan angin. " Banyak petani sekitar KP yang sudah melihat pertanaman Jagung NASA 29 ini, dan mereka sangat tertarik, bahkan ada yang bertanya, dimana kami bisa mendapatkan benih varietas ini " ujar Jintamin. Lis