Palanivel RM | Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (original) (raw)

Papers by Palanivel RM

Research paper thumbnail of Dysmenorrhea Among Female Medical Sciences Students in Machs: Prevalence, Predictors and Outcome

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2020

Objective: This study intended to determine the prevalence, predictors, and outcome of dysmenorrh... more Objective: This study intended to determine the prevalence, predictors, and outcome of dysmenorrhea among female medical sciences students at Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences (MACHS), Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was adopted, and 292 female medical sciences students of MACHS were selected using stratified random sampling. A semi-structured and self- administrated questionnaire was used to collect personal and socio-demographic information from the selected female medical sciences students. The information about the menstrual history, stress, and smoking were also gathered. The data analysis was carried out using the descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 73.28% among female medical sciences students. Concerning the signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea, the abdominal pain was predominant symptoms among 73.28% of the respondents, and it was found to be statistically significant (p≤0.05). Sleep distur...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the effectiveness of patient education and empowerment to improve patient-provider interactions in antiretroviral therapy clinics in Namibia

AIDS care, Jan 23, 2015

In order to increase patient active engagement during patient-provider interactions, we developed... more In order to increase patient active engagement during patient-provider interactions, we developed and implemented patient training sessions in four antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics in Namibia using a "Patient Empowerment" training curriculum. We examined the impact of these trainings on patient-provider interactions after the intervention. We tested the effectiveness of the intervention using a randomized parallel group design, with half of the 589 enrolled patients randomly assigned to receive the training immediately and the remaining randomized to receive the training 6 months later. The effects of the training on patient engagement during medical consultations were measured at each clinic visit for at least 8 months of follow-up. Each consultation was audiotaped and then coded using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). RIAS outcomes were compared between study groups at 6 months. Using intention-to-treat analysis, consultations in the intervention group ha...

Research paper thumbnail of Foot posture and landing error scores in recreational basketball players: a novel approach to prevent lower-limb injuries

Pedagogy of physical culture and sports, Dec 29, 2023

Background and Study Aim Foot posture is an important determinant of a basketball player's perfor... more Background and Study Aim Foot posture is an important determinant of a basketball player's performance. It influences their ability to generate power, maintain balance, and absorb shock. The aim of the current study was therefore to examine the association between foot posture and landing error score in recreational basketball players. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Fifty recreational basketball players from selected basketball clubs were chosen for the study. Their Foot Posture Index (FPI) and Landing Error Score System (LESS) were assessed. Nonparametric statistics, such as chi-square tests and the Mann-Whitney U test, were employed to examine the relationship between selected demographic variables and FPI and LESS scores. Additionally, assessed the difference in foot posture between the dominant and non-dominant legs. p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results Most participants exhibited normal foot posture, with no significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant legs, as assessed by FPI (p < 0.05). Additionally, an association was found between FPI and LESS scores, with 44% of participants showing a propensity for landing errors. The analysis revealed that a notable number of participants were categorized as 'poor' in LESS even with normal foot posture. This implies that landing errors are not only influenced by foot posture. Conclusions There is an association between foot posture and the occurrence of landing errors in basketball players. This study emphasizes the need to thoroughly examine basketball players' FPI. It also underscores the importance of developing strategies aimed at helping them maintain optimal foot posture. These strategies can assist in avoiding landing errors, reducing the risk of injury, and promoting good health and well-being.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of neck muscle strength, range of motion, and craniovertebral angle among Malaysian young adults using different electronic devices

Electronic journal of general medicine, Jul 1, 2023

Prolonged use of electronic devices (EDs) and adopting poor posture during ED usage might lead to... more Prolonged use of electronic devices (EDs) and adopting poor posture during ED usage might lead to musculoskeletal disorders among young adults and adolescents. Hence, this study compares neck muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), and craniovertebral angle (CVA) among Malaysian young adults using different EDs. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a quantitative study design was applied to compare neck muscle strength, ROM, and CVA between laptop and tablet users of Malaysian young adults. The population of this study covers young adults residing in Selangor, Malaysia. Among them, 30 laptop users and 30 tablet users were selected using the selection criteria and criterion-based sampling method. The data analysis was carried out with SPSS 20.0 at a 5% level of significance. Results: There was no significant difference between the laptop and tablet users concerning neck muscle strength and CVA. However, a significant difference was observed only in the neck extension ROM between laptop and tablet users. The mean neck extension ROM is lower in tablet users than in their counterparts. The mean CVA of laptop and tablet users was less than 50 degrees, indicating severe FHP. Most laptop users (73.3%) were categorized into severe FHP than tablet users (53.3%). Conclusion: The mean neck extension ROM is lower in tablet users than in laptop users. Most laptop users had severe FHP than tablet users. Hence, Malaysian young adults should adhere to the appropriate duration of ED usage, ergonomics while using ED. and postural correction exercises to prevent and reduce musculoskeletal problems.

Research paper thumbnail of Studies on the uses of acrylamide based copolymers as strength additive in papermaking process

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis and Characterization of Cube-Shaped Cu2O Nanoparticles for Heat Transfer Enhancement Application

This project studies on the synthesis of cube-shaped cuprous oxide nanoparticles and evaluation o... more This project studies on the synthesis of cube-shaped cuprous oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of thermophysical properties of the nanofluid containing synthesized nanoparticles for heat transfer applications. Nanofluids are proven to have higher potential as a cooling medium in heat transfer applications due to its high thermal conductivity property. However, the nanofluids are not stable as the nanoparticles are not well dispersed and forms two layers. Shape of the nanoparticle is also an important factor in ensuring enhanced thermophysical properties of the nanofluid. Hence, in this project, cube-shaped cuprous oxide nanoparticles are synthesized because cube shape has high surface area to volume ratio. A two-step method is chosen as the procedure to prepare the cuprous oxide nanofluid which first focuses on the synthesis of the cuprous oxide nanoparticles in powder form using different bases and continued with the preparation of nanofluid using methanol as the base fluid. The thermophysical properties of the prepared nanofluid is then evaluated to determine the thermal conductivity, viscosity and density. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to the Chemical Engineering Department of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) beforehand for providing me the Final Year Project (FYP) course as a platform basis to test and sharpen my collective knowledge in Chemical Engineering throughout the five-year study here. Besides that, I would like to thank my FYP supervisor, Dr Sujan Chowdhury, who was always willing to spend his time in assisting and perfecting my project. Through the weekly discussions with my supervisor, I have received numerous shares and insights on the different perspectives for this project to become feasible. His consistent support, patience and effective guidance have brought a great impact to my momentum. Nevertheless, I would also like to thank the FYP coordinator, committees and all lecturers of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS whom had given me guidance throughout the period of the project. In addition, I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to all relatives which includes my families, kin and friends, and any third party members whom had also contributed both directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project. vi

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Adopted by Recreational Runners Towards Core Stability Exercises in Preventing Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Physical Education Theory and Methodology

The current study intended to determine recreational runners' knowledge, attitude, and practi... more The current study intended to determine recreational runners' knowledge, attitude, and practices toward CSE to prevent LBP. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Two hundred fifty-seven recreational runners were chosen using a simple random sampling approach and administered with a semi-structured questionnaire to evaluate their KAP toward CSE. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 28.0. Results: The correct response to the knowledge-related items in the questionnaire was from 65% to 91%. Precisely, 91.4% of study participants understood CSE. Furthermore, most participants showed a positive attitude toward CSE, considering that it is essential for running (79%), improving fitness (76%), reducing the risk of injuries (71%), and boosting their appearance (54%). Most participants (>85%) performed CSE for recommended frequency and duration to strengthen their core muscles and prevent LBP. The recreational runners had good practice toward CSE. Conc...

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1 of Synergistic action of curcumin and cisplatin on spinel ferrite/hierarchical MCM-41 nanocomposite against MCF-7, HeLa and HCT 116 cancer cell line

Additional file 1: Figure S1. X-ray diffraction pattern of CuFe2O4 impregnated on different struc... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. X-ray diffraction pattern of CuFe2O4 impregnated on different structured mesoporous materials. Figure S2. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm of CuFe2O4 impregnated on different structured mesoporous materials (a) CuFe2O4/Q-10 silica, (b) CuFe2O4/SBA-16, (c) CuFe2O4/Hydrophobic silica, (d) CuFe2O4/MesoZSM-5, (e) CuFe2O4/Mesobeta. Figure S3. Pore size distributions of CuFe2O4 impregnated on different structured mesoporous materials (a) CuFe2O4/Q-10 silica, (b) CuFe2O4/SBA-16, (c) CuFe2O4/Hydrophobic silica, (d) CuFe2O4/MesoZSM-5, (e) CuFe2O4/Mesobeta. Figure S4. Vibrating sample magnetometer analysis of (a) CuFe2O4/MCM-41 and (b) CuFe2O4/Mesosilicalite. Table S1. Textural characteristics of 30% CuFe2O4 impregnated on different mesostructured materials. Table S2. Descriptive statistics of curcumin release over different CuFe2O4/structured silica based nanoformulations. Table S3. Curcumin release over different CuFe2O4/structured silica based nanoformu...

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of Vestibular Stimulation in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out the effects of vestibular stimulation i... more Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out the effects of vestibular stimulation in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) children. Methodology: Thirty children (n=30) were screened using the DCD questionnaire (DCDQ). After baseline screening among the 30 children, 15 were confirmed as suspects of DCD. Vestibular stimulation was given for all the 15 children. Results: It is revealed that the motor coordination was improved significantly in children with DCD. Conclusion: The present study concluded that vestibular stimulation is effective to enhance performance in tasks requiring motor coordination.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the Immediate Effects of Deep Pressure on Children Developmental Coordination Disorder: Demonstrating Individual Differences

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2020

Objective: However, every occupational therapist used deep pressure for treating children with de... more Objective: However, every occupational therapist used deep pressure for treating children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). It has been used widely in the therapy aspect, but there is limited research evaluating the immediate effects of deep pressure. The current study aims to evaluate the immediate effects of deep pressure on children with DCD. Methodology: Pre-test and post-test design was employed; mood and behavior were assessed for 20 children with DCD before and after deep pressure sessions. Results: Five children responded with positive result on all the domains following deep pressure. Four showed positive result on three out of five domains. Sufficient information was available from eight participants. Three showed beneficial results statistically. A non-parametric technique (Tau-U) was used for the analysis. Conclusion: Deep pressure has high relevance to clinical practice and appears to be of immediate benefit to this population with DCD.

Research paper thumbnail of Cisplatin delivery, anticancer and antibacterial properties of Fe/SBA-16/ZIF-8 nanocomposite

RSC Advances, 2019

The role of nano ZIF-8 in a Fe/SBA-16/ZIF composite has been explored as a potential anticancer d... more The role of nano ZIF-8 in a Fe/SBA-16/ZIF composite has been explored as a potential anticancer drug and drug delivery system.

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting the Threshold in an Organization on Max (Y 1 , Y2, Y3, Y4) Through Grade System

Manpower planning involves the attempt to forecast the demand and supply for people with various ... more Manpower planning involves the attempt to forecast the demand and supply for people with various skills and qualifications and to bring them into balance. The rate of accumulation of damage determines the life time of the component or device. In this paper a mathematical model is developed to obtain the expected time to reach the threshold level, in the context with the assumptions that the times between decision epochs are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) random variable, the number of exits at each period time are i.i.d. random variables and that the threshold level is a random variable following three Exponential distribution and one Erlang distribution. ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Research paper thumbnail of Inference on HIV affected people through shock model approach

Since the beginning of the epidemic disease, mathematicians and statisticians have developed mode... more Since the beginning of the epidemic disease, mathematicians and statisticians have developed models to describe and predict the course of the infection, both at the microbiological level and in a reference population, made up of one or more risk. Here in this paper a three parameter Exponentiated Weibull distribution is been fitted in the shock model approach. The findings of the threshold level with numerical illustration is been given.

Research paper thumbnail of • An (s, S) Inventory System with Bernoulli Disaster

International Journal of …, 2012

A single commodity (s, S) inventory system with zero lead time is investigated. Shortages are not... more A single commodity (s, S) inventory system with zero lead time is investigated. Shortages are not permitted. A special type of disaster is considered. Computational methods are developed for the calculation of stationary probabilities of Inventory ...

Research paper thumbnail of Expected Time to attain the Threshold Level using Multisource of HIV Transmission–Shock Model Approach

sphinxsai.com

International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol. 3, No.2, pp... more International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol. 3, No.2, pp 1088-1096, April-June 2011 ... Expected Time to attain the Threshold Level ... P.Pandiyan, R.Agasthiya, RMPalanivel, K.Kannadasan and R. Vinoth*

Research paper thumbnail of Faculty readiness for online teaching at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University during the COVID-19 crisis: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research, 2021

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the education sector around the wo... more Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the education sector around the world. In order to control the spread of the virus, eLearning practice has been introduced in Saudi higher education. Such online communication has become an important tool to narrow the teaching practice gap. This study assessed the characteristics of eLearning and distance learning and the inclination of Imam Abdulrahman BinFaisal University (IAU) faculty members in terms of skills, and managing classes and tests using online learning tools. Methods: A QuestionPro questionnaire with 22 questions on eLearning experience, training experience, and skills and knowledge in the educational process of IAU teaching faculty was conducted through the online university e-mail domain. The questionnaire was sent to the IAU’s teaching faculty. The questionnaire’s reliability was studied using Cronbach’s a coefficient. The criterion value was statistically studied using the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) and...

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting The Exit Time Of Employees In An Organization Using Statistical Model

International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2016

Employees are considered as an asset to any organization and each organization provide a better a... more Employees are considered as an asset to any organization and each organization provide a better and flexible working environment to retain its best and resourceful workforce. As such, continuous efforts are being taken to avoid or extend the exit/withdrawal of employees from the organization. Human resource managers are facing a challenge to predict the exit time of employees and there is no precise model existing at present in the literature. This study has been conducted to predict the probability of exit of an employee in an organization using appropriate statistical model. Accordingly, authors designed a model using Additive Weibull distribution to predict the expected exit time of employee in an organization. In addition, a Shock model approach is also executed to check how well the Additive Weibull distribution suits in an organization. The analytical results showed that when the inter-arrival time increases, the expected time for the employees to exit also increases. This stu...

Research paper thumbnail of A Study To Compare The Effectiveness Of Passive Stretching Versus Massage On Symptoms Of Doms In Normal Adults

Objectives: To find out the effectiveness of passive stretching and massage in reducing the indic... more Objectives: To find out the effectiveness of passive stretching and massage in reducing the indications of deferred beginning muscle. To compare the effectiveness of passive stretching versus massage in reducing the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness in normal adults. This study is intended to find out whether passive stretching or massage reduces the side effects of deferred beginning of muscle irritation. Methods: Fifty patients are participated in the study. Convince random sampling technique is used to assign for the 2 groups: passive stretching (PS, n=25, male=20, female=5) and massage (MASS, n=25, male=8, female=17). The treatment was applied respectively on the upper trapezius. The PS was applied multiple times for 30 seconds each time. The MASS was applied utilizing two distinct systems for 2 minutes for every method. Results: In the passive stretching group, there was a significant improvement in all outcomes from after 1 hour (post-test I), 24 hours (post-test II), ...

Research paper thumbnail of A stochastic model to estimate the expected time to seroconversion of HIV infected

The incidence and spread of HIV infection all over the world has created a pandemic situation. Th... more The incidence and spread of HIV infection all over the world has created a pandemic situation. The impact of this infection and its spread is not only on the affected individuals but also for the government and social organizations. The antigenic diversity of the HIV plays a major role in the progression of the infection. Several mathematical and stochastic models have been developed by researchers in this area. A particular aspect of study is to estimate the expected time to cross the antigenic diversity threshold. When the antigenic diversity crosses a particular level called the antigenic diversity threshold the seroconversion occurs. In this paper a stochastic model is developed under the assumption that the threshold level which is a random variable undergoes a parametric change after crossing a truncation point. The expected time to seroconversion is estimated and its variance is also found out using the shock model and cumulative damage concept.

Research paper thumbnail of A stochastic model to estimate the expected time to seroconversion – threshold as sum of two components

Recent Research in Science and Technology, 2009

           The spread of the HIV infection has created an pandemic situation all over... more            The spread of the HIV infection has created an pandemic situation all over the world. It has become necessary to have the combined efforts of medical personnel, social workers and mathematicians and statisticians to study the different aspects of this infection and its spread. One of the interesting aspects of  study is to estimate the likely time at which an infected person becomes seropositive. It is in this connection the antigenic diversity threshold is considered. The antigenic diversity threshold is a particular level of the antigenic diversity of the invading antigen beyond which the human immune system breaks down and a person becomes seropositive. In this paper the expected time to seroconversion is derived under the assumption that the antigenic diversity threshold comprises of two components namely the natural antigenic diversity threshold level of human immune system and the threshold  component due to use of ART. Numerical illustration is also...

Research paper thumbnail of Dysmenorrhea Among Female Medical Sciences Students in Machs: Prevalence, Predictors and Outcome

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2020

Objective: This study intended to determine the prevalence, predictors, and outcome of dysmenorrh... more Objective: This study intended to determine the prevalence, predictors, and outcome of dysmenorrhea among female medical sciences students at Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences (MACHS), Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was adopted, and 292 female medical sciences students of MACHS were selected using stratified random sampling. A semi-structured and self- administrated questionnaire was used to collect personal and socio-demographic information from the selected female medical sciences students. The information about the menstrual history, stress, and smoking were also gathered. The data analysis was carried out using the descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 73.28% among female medical sciences students. Concerning the signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea, the abdominal pain was predominant symptoms among 73.28% of the respondents, and it was found to be statistically significant (p≤0.05). Sleep distur...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the effectiveness of patient education and empowerment to improve patient-provider interactions in antiretroviral therapy clinics in Namibia

AIDS care, Jan 23, 2015

In order to increase patient active engagement during patient-provider interactions, we developed... more In order to increase patient active engagement during patient-provider interactions, we developed and implemented patient training sessions in four antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics in Namibia using a "Patient Empowerment" training curriculum. We examined the impact of these trainings on patient-provider interactions after the intervention. We tested the effectiveness of the intervention using a randomized parallel group design, with half of the 589 enrolled patients randomly assigned to receive the training immediately and the remaining randomized to receive the training 6 months later. The effects of the training on patient engagement during medical consultations were measured at each clinic visit for at least 8 months of follow-up. Each consultation was audiotaped and then coded using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). RIAS outcomes were compared between study groups at 6 months. Using intention-to-treat analysis, consultations in the intervention group ha...

Research paper thumbnail of Foot posture and landing error scores in recreational basketball players: a novel approach to prevent lower-limb injuries

Pedagogy of physical culture and sports, Dec 29, 2023

Background and Study Aim Foot posture is an important determinant of a basketball player's perfor... more Background and Study Aim Foot posture is an important determinant of a basketball player's performance. It influences their ability to generate power, maintain balance, and absorb shock. The aim of the current study was therefore to examine the association between foot posture and landing error score in recreational basketball players. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Fifty recreational basketball players from selected basketball clubs were chosen for the study. Their Foot Posture Index (FPI) and Landing Error Score System (LESS) were assessed. Nonparametric statistics, such as chi-square tests and the Mann-Whitney U test, were employed to examine the relationship between selected demographic variables and FPI and LESS scores. Additionally, assessed the difference in foot posture between the dominant and non-dominant legs. p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results Most participants exhibited normal foot posture, with no significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant legs, as assessed by FPI (p < 0.05). Additionally, an association was found between FPI and LESS scores, with 44% of participants showing a propensity for landing errors. The analysis revealed that a notable number of participants were categorized as 'poor' in LESS even with normal foot posture. This implies that landing errors are not only influenced by foot posture. Conclusions There is an association between foot posture and the occurrence of landing errors in basketball players. This study emphasizes the need to thoroughly examine basketball players' FPI. It also underscores the importance of developing strategies aimed at helping them maintain optimal foot posture. These strategies can assist in avoiding landing errors, reducing the risk of injury, and promoting good health and well-being.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of neck muscle strength, range of motion, and craniovertebral angle among Malaysian young adults using different electronic devices

Electronic journal of general medicine, Jul 1, 2023

Prolonged use of electronic devices (EDs) and adopting poor posture during ED usage might lead to... more Prolonged use of electronic devices (EDs) and adopting poor posture during ED usage might lead to musculoskeletal disorders among young adults and adolescents. Hence, this study compares neck muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), and craniovertebral angle (CVA) among Malaysian young adults using different EDs. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a quantitative study design was applied to compare neck muscle strength, ROM, and CVA between laptop and tablet users of Malaysian young adults. The population of this study covers young adults residing in Selangor, Malaysia. Among them, 30 laptop users and 30 tablet users were selected using the selection criteria and criterion-based sampling method. The data analysis was carried out with SPSS 20.0 at a 5% level of significance. Results: There was no significant difference between the laptop and tablet users concerning neck muscle strength and CVA. However, a significant difference was observed only in the neck extension ROM between laptop and tablet users. The mean neck extension ROM is lower in tablet users than in their counterparts. The mean CVA of laptop and tablet users was less than 50 degrees, indicating severe FHP. Most laptop users (73.3%) were categorized into severe FHP than tablet users (53.3%). Conclusion: The mean neck extension ROM is lower in tablet users than in laptop users. Most laptop users had severe FHP than tablet users. Hence, Malaysian young adults should adhere to the appropriate duration of ED usage, ergonomics while using ED. and postural correction exercises to prevent and reduce musculoskeletal problems.

Research paper thumbnail of Studies on the uses of acrylamide based copolymers as strength additive in papermaking process

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis and Characterization of Cube-Shaped Cu2O Nanoparticles for Heat Transfer Enhancement Application

This project studies on the synthesis of cube-shaped cuprous oxide nanoparticles and evaluation o... more This project studies on the synthesis of cube-shaped cuprous oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of thermophysical properties of the nanofluid containing synthesized nanoparticles for heat transfer applications. Nanofluids are proven to have higher potential as a cooling medium in heat transfer applications due to its high thermal conductivity property. However, the nanofluids are not stable as the nanoparticles are not well dispersed and forms two layers. Shape of the nanoparticle is also an important factor in ensuring enhanced thermophysical properties of the nanofluid. Hence, in this project, cube-shaped cuprous oxide nanoparticles are synthesized because cube shape has high surface area to volume ratio. A two-step method is chosen as the procedure to prepare the cuprous oxide nanofluid which first focuses on the synthesis of the cuprous oxide nanoparticles in powder form using different bases and continued with the preparation of nanofluid using methanol as the base fluid. The thermophysical properties of the prepared nanofluid is then evaluated to determine the thermal conductivity, viscosity and density. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to the Chemical Engineering Department of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) beforehand for providing me the Final Year Project (FYP) course as a platform basis to test and sharpen my collective knowledge in Chemical Engineering throughout the five-year study here. Besides that, I would like to thank my FYP supervisor, Dr Sujan Chowdhury, who was always willing to spend his time in assisting and perfecting my project. Through the weekly discussions with my supervisor, I have received numerous shares and insights on the different perspectives for this project to become feasible. His consistent support, patience and effective guidance have brought a great impact to my momentum. Nevertheless, I would also like to thank the FYP coordinator, committees and all lecturers of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS whom had given me guidance throughout the period of the project. In addition, I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to all relatives which includes my families, kin and friends, and any third party members whom had also contributed both directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project. vi

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Adopted by Recreational Runners Towards Core Stability Exercises in Preventing Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Physical Education Theory and Methodology

The current study intended to determine recreational runners' knowledge, attitude, and practi... more The current study intended to determine recreational runners' knowledge, attitude, and practices toward CSE to prevent LBP. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Two hundred fifty-seven recreational runners were chosen using a simple random sampling approach and administered with a semi-structured questionnaire to evaluate their KAP toward CSE. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 28.0. Results: The correct response to the knowledge-related items in the questionnaire was from 65% to 91%. Precisely, 91.4% of study participants understood CSE. Furthermore, most participants showed a positive attitude toward CSE, considering that it is essential for running (79%), improving fitness (76%), reducing the risk of injuries (71%), and boosting their appearance (54%). Most participants (>85%) performed CSE for recommended frequency and duration to strengthen their core muscles and prevent LBP. The recreational runners had good practice toward CSE. Conc...

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1 of Synergistic action of curcumin and cisplatin on spinel ferrite/hierarchical MCM-41 nanocomposite against MCF-7, HeLa and HCT 116 cancer cell line

Additional file 1: Figure S1. X-ray diffraction pattern of CuFe2O4 impregnated on different struc... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. X-ray diffraction pattern of CuFe2O4 impregnated on different structured mesoporous materials. Figure S2. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm of CuFe2O4 impregnated on different structured mesoporous materials (a) CuFe2O4/Q-10 silica, (b) CuFe2O4/SBA-16, (c) CuFe2O4/Hydrophobic silica, (d) CuFe2O4/MesoZSM-5, (e) CuFe2O4/Mesobeta. Figure S3. Pore size distributions of CuFe2O4 impregnated on different structured mesoporous materials (a) CuFe2O4/Q-10 silica, (b) CuFe2O4/SBA-16, (c) CuFe2O4/Hydrophobic silica, (d) CuFe2O4/MesoZSM-5, (e) CuFe2O4/Mesobeta. Figure S4. Vibrating sample magnetometer analysis of (a) CuFe2O4/MCM-41 and (b) CuFe2O4/Mesosilicalite. Table S1. Textural characteristics of 30% CuFe2O4 impregnated on different mesostructured materials. Table S2. Descriptive statistics of curcumin release over different CuFe2O4/structured silica based nanoformulations. Table S3. Curcumin release over different CuFe2O4/structured silica based nanoformu...

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of Vestibular Stimulation in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out the effects of vestibular stimulation i... more Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out the effects of vestibular stimulation in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) children. Methodology: Thirty children (n=30) were screened using the DCD questionnaire (DCDQ). After baseline screening among the 30 children, 15 were confirmed as suspects of DCD. Vestibular stimulation was given for all the 15 children. Results: It is revealed that the motor coordination was improved significantly in children with DCD. Conclusion: The present study concluded that vestibular stimulation is effective to enhance performance in tasks requiring motor coordination.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the Immediate Effects of Deep Pressure on Children Developmental Coordination Disorder: Demonstrating Individual Differences

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2020

Objective: However, every occupational therapist used deep pressure for treating children with de... more Objective: However, every occupational therapist used deep pressure for treating children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). It has been used widely in the therapy aspect, but there is limited research evaluating the immediate effects of deep pressure. The current study aims to evaluate the immediate effects of deep pressure on children with DCD. Methodology: Pre-test and post-test design was employed; mood and behavior were assessed for 20 children with DCD before and after deep pressure sessions. Results: Five children responded with positive result on all the domains following deep pressure. Four showed positive result on three out of five domains. Sufficient information was available from eight participants. Three showed beneficial results statistically. A non-parametric technique (Tau-U) was used for the analysis. Conclusion: Deep pressure has high relevance to clinical practice and appears to be of immediate benefit to this population with DCD.

Research paper thumbnail of Cisplatin delivery, anticancer and antibacterial properties of Fe/SBA-16/ZIF-8 nanocomposite

RSC Advances, 2019

The role of nano ZIF-8 in a Fe/SBA-16/ZIF composite has been explored as a potential anticancer d... more The role of nano ZIF-8 in a Fe/SBA-16/ZIF composite has been explored as a potential anticancer drug and drug delivery system.

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting the Threshold in an Organization on Max (Y 1 , Y2, Y3, Y4) Through Grade System

Manpower planning involves the attempt to forecast the demand and supply for people with various ... more Manpower planning involves the attempt to forecast the demand and supply for people with various skills and qualifications and to bring them into balance. The rate of accumulation of damage determines the life time of the component or device. In this paper a mathematical model is developed to obtain the expected time to reach the threshold level, in the context with the assumptions that the times between decision epochs are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) random variable, the number of exits at each period time are i.i.d. random variables and that the threshold level is a random variable following three Exponential distribution and one Erlang distribution. ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Research paper thumbnail of Inference on HIV affected people through shock model approach

Since the beginning of the epidemic disease, mathematicians and statisticians have developed mode... more Since the beginning of the epidemic disease, mathematicians and statisticians have developed models to describe and predict the course of the infection, both at the microbiological level and in a reference population, made up of one or more risk. Here in this paper a three parameter Exponentiated Weibull distribution is been fitted in the shock model approach. The findings of the threshold level with numerical illustration is been given.

Research paper thumbnail of • An (s, S) Inventory System with Bernoulli Disaster

International Journal of …, 2012

A single commodity (s, S) inventory system with zero lead time is investigated. Shortages are not... more A single commodity (s, S) inventory system with zero lead time is investigated. Shortages are not permitted. A special type of disaster is considered. Computational methods are developed for the calculation of stationary probabilities of Inventory ...

Research paper thumbnail of Expected Time to attain the Threshold Level using Multisource of HIV Transmission–Shock Model Approach

sphinxsai.com

International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol. 3, No.2, pp... more International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol. 3, No.2, pp 1088-1096, April-June 2011 ... Expected Time to attain the Threshold Level ... P.Pandiyan, R.Agasthiya, RMPalanivel, K.Kannadasan and R. Vinoth*

Research paper thumbnail of Faculty readiness for online teaching at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University during the COVID-19 crisis: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research, 2021

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the education sector around the wo... more Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the education sector around the world. In order to control the spread of the virus, eLearning practice has been introduced in Saudi higher education. Such online communication has become an important tool to narrow the teaching practice gap. This study assessed the characteristics of eLearning and distance learning and the inclination of Imam Abdulrahman BinFaisal University (IAU) faculty members in terms of skills, and managing classes and tests using online learning tools. Methods: A QuestionPro questionnaire with 22 questions on eLearning experience, training experience, and skills and knowledge in the educational process of IAU teaching faculty was conducted through the online university e-mail domain. The questionnaire was sent to the IAU’s teaching faculty. The questionnaire’s reliability was studied using Cronbach’s a coefficient. The criterion value was statistically studied using the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) and...

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting The Exit Time Of Employees In An Organization Using Statistical Model

International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2016

Employees are considered as an asset to any organization and each organization provide a better a... more Employees are considered as an asset to any organization and each organization provide a better and flexible working environment to retain its best and resourceful workforce. As such, continuous efforts are being taken to avoid or extend the exit/withdrawal of employees from the organization. Human resource managers are facing a challenge to predict the exit time of employees and there is no precise model existing at present in the literature. This study has been conducted to predict the probability of exit of an employee in an organization using appropriate statistical model. Accordingly, authors designed a model using Additive Weibull distribution to predict the expected exit time of employee in an organization. In addition, a Shock model approach is also executed to check how well the Additive Weibull distribution suits in an organization. The analytical results showed that when the inter-arrival time increases, the expected time for the employees to exit also increases. This stu...

Research paper thumbnail of A Study To Compare The Effectiveness Of Passive Stretching Versus Massage On Symptoms Of Doms In Normal Adults

Objectives: To find out the effectiveness of passive stretching and massage in reducing the indic... more Objectives: To find out the effectiveness of passive stretching and massage in reducing the indications of deferred beginning muscle. To compare the effectiveness of passive stretching versus massage in reducing the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness in normal adults. This study is intended to find out whether passive stretching or massage reduces the side effects of deferred beginning of muscle irritation. Methods: Fifty patients are participated in the study. Convince random sampling technique is used to assign for the 2 groups: passive stretching (PS, n=25, male=20, female=5) and massage (MASS, n=25, male=8, female=17). The treatment was applied respectively on the upper trapezius. The PS was applied multiple times for 30 seconds each time. The MASS was applied utilizing two distinct systems for 2 minutes for every method. Results: In the passive stretching group, there was a significant improvement in all outcomes from after 1 hour (post-test I), 24 hours (post-test II), ...

Research paper thumbnail of A stochastic model to estimate the expected time to seroconversion of HIV infected

The incidence and spread of HIV infection all over the world has created a pandemic situation. Th... more The incidence and spread of HIV infection all over the world has created a pandemic situation. The impact of this infection and its spread is not only on the affected individuals but also for the government and social organizations. The antigenic diversity of the HIV plays a major role in the progression of the infection. Several mathematical and stochastic models have been developed by researchers in this area. A particular aspect of study is to estimate the expected time to cross the antigenic diversity threshold. When the antigenic diversity crosses a particular level called the antigenic diversity threshold the seroconversion occurs. In this paper a stochastic model is developed under the assumption that the threshold level which is a random variable undergoes a parametric change after crossing a truncation point. The expected time to seroconversion is estimated and its variance is also found out using the shock model and cumulative damage concept.

Research paper thumbnail of A stochastic model to estimate the expected time to seroconversion – threshold as sum of two components

Recent Research in Science and Technology, 2009

           The spread of the HIV infection has created an pandemic situation all over... more            The spread of the HIV infection has created an pandemic situation all over the world. It has become necessary to have the combined efforts of medical personnel, social workers and mathematicians and statisticians to study the different aspects of this infection and its spread. One of the interesting aspects of  study is to estimate the likely time at which an infected person becomes seropositive. It is in this connection the antigenic diversity threshold is considered. The antigenic diversity threshold is a particular level of the antigenic diversity of the invading antigen beyond which the human immune system breaks down and a person becomes seropositive. In this paper the expected time to seroconversion is derived under the assumption that the antigenic diversity threshold comprises of two components namely the natural antigenic diversity threshold level of human immune system and the threshold  component due to use of ART. Numerical illustration is also...