Mukti Ali | Iain Salatiga (original) (raw)

Papers by Mukti Ali

Religia

This study aims to determine the impact of social media in developing da'wah in Indonesia. So... more This study aims to determine the impact of social media in developing da'wah in Indonesia. Social media that is often used by the Indonesian people can be trusted to bring about changes in the behavior and methods of preaching to be conveyed. Currently, scholars in developing their preaching have also used social media. This type of research is descriptive qualitative by describing the findings or data available in the field then described as information. The method used is a direct interview with respondents about the impact of social media on the development of da'wah in Indonesia. The results obtained are the impact of social media on the development of Da'wah is that currently Da'wah has used technology such as social media for the propagation of Da'wah. Most scholars preach using social media such as YouTube and Facebook. This makes it easier for the scholars to preach.

Penamas

This study aims to determine the strategy of preaching Islamic religious instructors in an effort... more This study aims to determine the strategy of preaching Islamic religious instructors in an effort to maintain the values â€‹â€‹of the faith of converts to Islam in Getas Village, Kaloran District, Temanggung Regency. By using a qualitative research approach. The results of this study show that 1) the number of converts to Islam in 2019 reached 37 people. Meanwhile, in 2020 the number of converts to Islam in Kaloran District has increased, namely as many as 43 converts who have faith in the KUA of Kaloran District. As for the number of converts in Getas Village itself, there are 10 converts based on the Islamic charter he obtained. Seeing the condition of converts who are classified as still unstable in their level of faith, a special strategy is needed to provide assistance to converts. 2) The da'wah strategy used by the Islamic religious instructor in Getas Village is to establish a special taklim assembly for the guidance of converts. 3) Establishing a Children's Learning ...

Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah

Purpose - People who live on the slopes of Merapi Volcano apply religious moderation behavior by ... more Purpose - People who live on the slopes of Merapi Volcano apply religious moderation behavior by respecting traditions and other thoughts. The purpose of this study was to find out the tradition and communication of religious moderation in the community on the slopes of Merapi Volcano.Method - The research uses the descriptive-qualitative method. The research location took place in the Srumbung sub-district, Magelang district. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants in this study were young people and community leaders in the village.Result - The results of this study indicate that there are two characteristics of the community thought traditions in the implementation of religious moderation, namely people who can apply this concept well and thoroughly, and there are people who are against the concept of religious moderation, who tend to be intolerant towards diversity and differences of opinion and thoughts.Implication - The contribution of...

Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies

This study examined the first-year intercultural communication experiences of Indonesian Ph.D. Mu... more This study examined the first-year intercultural communication experiences of Indonesian Ph.D. Muslim women students in the United States as their identity negotiation. The following questions were addressed using Ting Toomey’s intercultural communication theory: What problems do Indonesian Ph.D. Muslim women students face in their new environment in the United States? How do they use intercultural communication as an adaptive strategy? And, to what extent can this intercultural communication skill affect their academic achievement as international students? Using an ethnographic approach, data were obtained through online observations and interviews via WhatsApp and Skype video calls with 11 Indonesian Ph.D. Muslim women students regarding their first-year experiences in the United States. According to the findings of this study, their ability in intercultural communication in their first year becomes the primary capital for their lives during their stay to complete their study. Th...

Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, 2021

This study aims to discuss the message of da’wah that is contained in the Jinkrak Sundang Dance b... more This study aims to discuss the message of da’wah that is contained in the Jinkrak Sundang Dance by using a qualitative descriptive approach and using the technique of semiotic analysis. Semiotics seeks to find the signs with meaning and know the sign systems such as language, movement, music, and pictures. As for the objects of the material to be analyzed is the movement of dance performed by the Jingkrak Sundang Dance artist, located in Magelang. A semiotic analysis on the Jingkrak Sundang Dance is performed on each stage or round: Mlayu, Nebah Bumi, Laku Telu Dadung Ngawuk, Pati, Mendem, and Nawur. Jingkrak Sundang Dance depicts the anger of the animals whose habitat was marred by the man’s hand, who was not responsible. The da’wah messages were found in denotation and connotation that many charged theological and anthropological. Theologically, the da’wah message explains the belief in the power of God as creators and regulators of whole natural life. In contrast, the da’wah mess...

INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication), 2016

This article reveals about self motivation of KPI Student and study on new courses, both in psych... more This article reveals about self motivation of KPI Student and study on new courses, both in psychological and social and social anthropologist confronting a range of very different situations. The psychological and social situation diversity and social anthropologist of KPI students is closelyrelated to motivation and expectation which is varied. There is also the motivation from student to fulfill the knowledge of the world of communications and broadcasting which is related with the educational background of his secondary education, or he wants to continue his hobby in the broadcasting world. Dealing with the eager expectation or the big dream of KPI Student is divided into some expectation; The hope dealing with the learning process and supporting material from the learning process, and the expectation of their future after graduating from this department as a Bachelor of communication and broadcasting connected with employment chance the expectation in the process of teaching or...

Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Awareness for Sustainable Development in conjunction with International Conference on Challenge and Opportunities Sustainable Environmental Development, ICEASD & ICCOSED 2019, 1-2 April 2019, Kendari, Indonesia, 2019

This research was used ethnographic methods on Indonesian sub-culture communities, Orang Bajo. A ... more This research was used ethnographic methods on Indonesian sub-culture communities, Orang Bajo. A community group around the coast of Saponda and Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The phenomena of the Orang Bajo was awareness to understand ecosystem sustainability as a manifestation of the reason that values were passed down through old generations, and should not be lost from the lives of his grand children. Although basically the culture of their parents did not conflict and coherently with the reality of the teachings they believed in. Intend to reconstruct the concept of fishing with the Paserong system which had a good impact on the development of environmental awareness behavior of a society, so as not to give birth to ecosystem damage without reducing the value of the economic welfare of the community, A very eminent tradition, as well as the identity of the Orang Bajo people without having to destroy marine habitats and ecosystems, for example the Paserong system .The Paserong sys...

Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 2020

Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies, 2019

As an institution of education and agent of social change, the Faculty of Da'wah, IAIN Salati... more As an institution of education and agent of social change, the Faculty of Da'wah, IAIN Salatiga, has Islamic religious characteristics. These characteristics confirm its missionary effort as a part of social responsibility. The Da'wah Faculty pursues empowerment by rolling out a program of waste bank management. This program is a manifestation of the application of da’wah bi al-hal (preaching by actuating) to build assisted-communities who are empowered and independent in processing garbage. Furthermore, the program of waste bank management not only provides clean and healthy communities but also increases the community’s ability to gain environmental benefits and improving its economy. This study aims to analyze the implementation of da’wah movement through waste bank management, from assessment, recycling management, construction, to evaluation. The method of research in this study uses a qualitative method, Participatory Action Research (PAR) to make changes and benefits ...

Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 2020

The practices of worship involve the relationship between humans and themselves, humans and human... more The practices of worship involve the relationship between humans and themselves, humans and humans, humans and God, and even the relationship between humans and the environment in which they live. With the power of human imagination, when the relationships are practiced properly according to God's direction, then there comes surrender, obedience, and devotion in worshiping God. Spiritual hyperreality or hyperspirituality has created practices of worship that are based on simulating pure rituals as taught by prophets, even though they are ritual formations far from the prophetsnes. Because of the signs of worship practice are based on simulations or self-imaginations, then what appears is falsehood and lies on the signs of the practice of worship. This paper intends to unmask hyperreality in spiritual activities that have been considered sacred. This paper uses semiotics as its approach, especially those introduced by Bartes, Piliang and Baudrillard. this study found that when the practice of worship has been separated from it's pure rituals as taught by prophets and formed a simulation, the practice of worship is only a means of imaging, style personality, and reproduction machinery.

Communicatus: Jurnal Ilmu komunikasi, 2019

Various problems of migrant workers and their alleged different coverage on various media are the... more Various problems of migrant workers and their alleged different coverage on various media are the background of this research. This study focused on 131 news items on migrant workers' issues in Saudi Arabia in the online newspapers Detikcom and Sabq.org, with details of Detikcom 64 news and Sabq.org 67 as samples, with the aim of finding out how Detikcom and Sabq.org cover Indonesian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia and the difference in coverage of both. The content analysis method was chosen as an analysis tool with Codingsheet as a data collection technique and chi-square as a different test tool. The findings of this study are that there is uniformity of coverage on news about migrant workers in Saudi Arabia at Detikcom and Sabq.org with several categories of significant differences.Berbagai permasalahan TKI dan peliputannya yang diduga berbeda pada berbagai media melatarbelakangi penelitian ini. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada 131 isi berita permasalahan TKI di Arab Saudi pad...

INFERENSI, 2017

Jurnal Askopis, 2018

Intercultural intersections born from the meeting of various ethnic cultures will cause culture s... more Intercultural intersections born from the meeting of various ethnic cultures will cause culture shock on the culprit. Student entrants will experience culture shock or cultural problematika differences in food culture, language, even religious rituals, although the problem was the average can be anticipated. This paper discusses the perceptions and prejudices of non-Javanese ethnic students on Javanese culture. This phenomenological research used the research subjects of IAIN Salatiga students from non-Javanese ethnicity. Non-Javanese ethnic categories are flexible. Non-Javanese flexibility can be based on birth place, life span of childhood, or more clearly students either biologically or culturally from non-Javanese regions. Various attitudes, indeed born of each of their individual. Perceptions and prejudices in the culture they came across are quite diverse as well. Some have the perception or prejudice that the Javanese are halu-refined and polite, some also assume or suspect that the Javanese have never been straightforward. This is because they see that their culture is more valuable than the culture they go to. ABSTRAK Persinggungan antarbudaya yang lahir dari pertemuan berbagai budaya etnis akan menimbulkan culture shock pada pelakunya. Mahasiswa pendatang akan mengalami culture shock atau problematika budaya perbedaan budaya makanan, bahasa, bahkan ritual keagamaan, walaupun problem itu rata-rata dapat diantisipasinya. Tulisan ini menjelaskan persepsi dan prasangka mahasiswa etnis non-Jawa terhadap budaya Jawa. Penelitian fenomenologis ini menggunakan subyek penelitian mahasiswa IAIN Salatiga yang berasal dari etnis non-Jawa. Kategori etnis non-Jawa bersifat fleksibel. Fleksibilitas non-Jawa bisa berdasarkan pada tempat kelahiran, kurun waktu kehidupan masa kanak-kanak, atau yang lebih jelas adalah mahasiswa baik secara biologis maupun secara kultural berasal dari daerah non Jawa. Berbagai sikap, memang lahir dari setiap individu mereka. Persepsi dan prasangka pada budaya yang mereka datangi cukup beragam pula. Ada yang memiliki persepsi atau prasangka bahwa orang Jawa halu-halus dan sopan, ada juga yang menganggap atau berprasangka bahwa orang Jawa tidak pernah berterus terang. Hal ini lahir karena mereka memandang bahwa budaya dirinya lebih bernilai ketimbang budaya yang mereka datangi.

Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 2020

Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA , 2020

Tolerance must be close to pluralism and multiculturalism which is not a new thing in academic st... more Tolerance must be close to pluralism and multiculturalism which is not a new thing in academic studies. Many studies and research generalize about respect and appreciation for the diversity of ethnicity, religion, language and other cultures. For Javanese people who tend to be homogeneous in ethnicity but not too many long conflicts arise. Truth, the proof, One of the results of research in Salatiga which is one of the student cities in Central Java received the title of the second most tolerant city in Indonesia in 2018. But behind the award, there was contestation in the fields of education and religion. This paper will look again at tolerance in the Salatiga community after the award was obtained. Besides that, it also discussed competition in academia at IAIN Salatiga and Satya Wacana Kristen University (UKSW). Both educational institutions are based on religion, in which multiculturalism. Both educational institutions are based on religion, which is multicultural so that it impacts on the contestation of institutional policies, facilities and theological expansion. The results of this study are obtained from social phenomena which are understood by the phenomenology paradigm from reality understood in consciousness. In addition, during activities in Salatiga, there were also some social realities about tolerance and competition in the field of education. Finally, tolerance that has gone well does not mean without contestation. Contestation in this case is one of the social and cultural dynamics. Even to achieve social integration, sometimes conflict with good management is needed. This means that contestation or conflict does not always lead to division, but rather one of the paths to integration.

Jurnal Religia, 2021

This study aims to determine the impact of social media in developing da'wah in Indonesia. Social... more This study aims to determine the impact of social media in developing da'wah in Indonesia. Social media that is often used by the Indonesian people can be trusted to bring about changes in the behavior and methods of preaching to be conveyed. Currently, scholars in developing their preaching have also used social media. This type of research is descriptive qualitative by describing the findings or data available in the field then described as information. The method used is a direct interview with respondents about the impact of social media on the development of da'wah in Indonesia. The results obtained are the impact of social media on the development of Da'wah is that currently Da'wah has used technology such as social media for the propagation of Da'wah. Most scholars preach using social media such as YouTube and Facebook. This makes it easier for the scholars to preach.

Communicatus: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 2018

ASBTRACT Various problems of migrant workers and their alleged different coverage on various medi... more ASBTRACT Various problems of migrant workers and their alleged different coverage on various media are the background of this research. This study focused on 131 news items on migrant workers' issues in Saudi Arabia in the online newspapers Detikcom and Sabq.org, with details of Detikcom 64 news and Sabq.org 67 as samples, with the aim of finding out how Detikcom and Sabq.org cover Indonesian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia and the difference in coverage of both. The content analysis method was chosen as an analysis tool with Codingsheet as a data collection technique and chi-square as a different test tool. The findings of this study are that there is uniformity of coverage on news about migrant workers in Saudi Arabia at Detikcom and Sabq.org with several categories of significant differences. ABSTRAK Berbagai permasalahan TKI dan peliputannya yang diduga berbeda pada berbagai media melatarbelakangi penelitian ini. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada 131 isi berita permasalahan TKI di Arab Saudi pada suratkabar online Detikcom dan Sabq.org, dengan perincian Detikcom 64 berita dan Sabq.org 67 berita sebagai sampel, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Detikcom dan Sabq.org meliput TKI di Arab Saudi dan perbedaan liputan keduanya. Metode analisis isi dipilih sebagai alat analisis dengan codingsheet sebagai teknik pengumpulan data dan chi-square sebagai alat uji beda. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ada keseragaman liputan pada berita tentang di TKI di Arab Saudi pada Detikcom dan Sabq.org dengan beberapa kategori didapati perbedaan signifikan. Kata Kunci: Komparasi berita TKI, Detikcom dan Sabq.org, SKE. PENDAHULUAN Seleksi atas unsur di dalam berbagai elemen berita mencirikan isi berita. Salah satunya berita pada realitas TKI di Arab Saudi. Bagi sebagian orang, isi berita adalah realitas sosial itu sendiri. Sementara bagi yang lain isi berita hanyalah satu bentuk realitas dari sebagian realitas yang sebenarnya. Penelitian ini ingin

ICEASD&ICCOSED 2019; EAI; EUDL, 2019

Abstact. This research was used ethnographic methods on Indonesian sub-culture communities, Orang... more Abstact. This research was used ethnographic methods on Indonesian sub-culture communities, Orang Bajo. A community group around the coast of Saponda and Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The phenomena of the Orang Bajo was awareness to understand ecosystem sustainability as a manifestation of the reason that values were passed down through old generations, and should not be lost from the lives of his grand children. Although basically the culture of their parents did not conflict and coherently with the reality of the teachings they believed in. Intend to reconstruct the concept of fishing with the Paserong system which had a good impact on the development of environmental awareness behavior of a society, so as not to give birth to ecosystem damage without reducing the value of the economic welfare of the community. A very eminent tradition, as well as the identity of the Orang Bajo people without having to destroy marine habitats and ecosystems, for example the Paserong system. The Paserong system was a fishing system carried out by few fishermen, especially Bajo or Sama tribes. And even now the fishing system was still being used and preserved. The Paserong system was a location prepared by Bajo fishermen made of wide nets such as cages or garden fences made of nets tied to bamboo stakes on the sea floor. Usually the Paserong system was carried out by one group consisting of several people in making, installing, and distributing results.

Jurnal Inferensi, 2017

This research used ethnographic method on sea tribe, a sub-culture of Indonesian society commonly... more This research used ethnographic method on sea tribe, a sub-culture of Indonesian society commonly known by anthropologists with the term of the Bajo Tribe. The educational phenomenon of Bajo society has uniqueness, besides acknowledging that they only know, believe, and guided by the Islamic system, but in carrying out the main rituals of Islamic teachings are not visible, so is their awareness to go to higher education is very difficult to realize in the understanding of society. For the People of Orang Bajo, education should not be lost from a value taught from generation to generation, and should not be lost from the life of their grandchildren. While formal education can be done enough for primary school (SD) only. Even if they can continue their education to a higher level, they are simply maintaining their values or education based on their local cultural wisdom. There are various findings of local wisdom that became the education identity of Bajo are Kampoh or togetherness in village, Lukka maintain the tradition of marriage, and Alla Tala have confidence in the power of God. Abstrak Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi pada mayarakat sub-kultur masyarakat Indonesia yang biasa di kenal secara antropologis dengan istilah Orang Bajo. Fenomena pendidikan yang ada pada masyarakat Bajo memiliki keunikan tersendiri, selain mereka mengakui bahwa mereka hanya mengenal, meyakini, dan berpedoman pada ajaran Islam, akan tetapi kesadaran mereka untuk mengenyam pendidikan ke arah yang lebih tinggi sangatlah susah terrealisasi dalam pemahaman masyarakat. Bagi Masyarakat mereka, pendidikan yang tidak boleh hilang adalah nilai yang diajarkan secara turun temurun dari generasi tua, dan tidak boleh hilang dari kehidupan anak cucunya. Sementara pendidikan formal dapat ditempuh cukup menamatkan sekolah dasar (SD) saja. Jikapun melanjutkan sekolah ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi tidak lain hanyalah tetap mempertahankan atau melestarikan nilai pendidikan yang berdasar pada kearifan lokal budaya mereka. Terdapat berbagai temuan kearifan lokal yang menjadi identitas Masyarakat Bajo yaitu kampoh atau kebersamaan sekampung, lukka menjaga tradisi pernikahan, dan Alla Tala memiliki keyakinan akan kuasa Tuhan.

the 14th Annual International Conference on Islamic Studies (AICIS), 21-24 November 2014, Balikpapan, 2014

Fenomena keagamaan yang ada pada masyarakat Bajo memiliki keunikan tersendiri, selain mereka meng... more Fenomena keagamaan yang ada pada masyarakat Bajo memiliki keunikan tersendiri, selain mereka mengakui bahwa mereka hanya mengenal dan meyakini agama Islam, akan tetapi dalam menjalankan ritual-ritual pokok ajaran Islam tidak terlihat. Berbeda dengan tradisi-tradisi lokal yang kental dengan nilai-nilai keislaman. Misalnya, dalam acara pernikahan itu terdapat acara adat malluka dalam bahasa Bugis lukka dalam bahasa Bajo. Tradisi adat yang bermaksud pembatalan wudlu. Dalam bahasa agama adalah meniadakan keharaman –muhrim-. Ketika lukka ini terjadi maka pihak pengantin laki-laki masuk ke kamar pengantin perempuan yang menunggu sejak dimulainya acara resepsi sampai adanya proses ijab dan qabul. Dalam kamar itu pengantin laki-laki diperbolehkan menyentuh bagian tubuh pengantin wanita. Dalam Islam atau bahkan agama lainpun akan halallah perempuan ketika sudah terjadi ijab qabul. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi yang dilakukan pada mayarakat laut, Suku Bajo. Sebuah sub-kultur masyarakat Indonesia yang biasa di kenal para sosiolog maupun antropolog dengan istilah Orang Sama,yang selanjutnya penyebutan orang Sama ini dapat juga dibaca dengan orang Bajo, suku Bajo, atau etnis Bajo. Etnis ini banyak tersebar di setiap pinggiran kepulauan Indonesia terutama kepulauan Sulawesi, selain kepulauan-kepulauan nusantara dari Thailan sampai Malaysia.

Religia

Penamas

Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah

Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies

Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, 2021

INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication), 2016

Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 2020

Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies, 2019

Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 2020

Communicatus: Jurnal Ilmu komunikasi, 2019

INFERENSI, 2017

Jurnal Askopis, 2018

Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 2020

Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA , 2020

Jurnal Religia, 2021

Communicatus: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 2018

ICEASD&ICCOSED 2019; EAI; EUDL, 2019

Jurnal Inferensi, 2017

the 14th Annual International Conference on Islamic Studies (AICIS), 21-24 November 2014, Balikpapan, 2014

Trust Media & Askopis Press Yogyakarta, 2017

Sebagai mahluk sosial, manusia akan selalu berkeinginan untuk berbicara, mengirim dan menerima i... more Sebagai mahluk sosial, manusia akan selalu berkeinginan untuk berbicara, mengirim dan menerima informasi, tukar menukar gagasan, dan bahkan berbagi pengalaman. Komunikasi merupaka n aktivitas yang selalu dilakukan oleh manusia saat berinteraksi dengan manusia lainnya, sehingga dalam proses komunikasi tersebut, manusia sanagat mendambakan komunikasi yang efektif, lancar, dan mengandung pesan yang positif, agar tidak menimbulkan kesalahpahaman yang menjurus pada konflik (Mukti Ali, ANTARA KOMUNIKASI, BUDAYA, DAN HOAX. In MELAWAN HOAX di Media Sosial dan Media Massa, Yogyakarta: Trus Media, 2017:89)

Pustaka Ilmu Yogyakarta, 2017

Komunikasi ada di mana-mana dan kapan saja, baik tatap muka ataupun bermedia, baik dari budaya ya... more Komunikasi ada di mana-mana dan kapan saja, baik tatap muka ataupun bermedia, baik dari budaya yang sama maupun berbeda. Komunikasi antarbudaya (intercultural communication) sendiri merujuk pada komunikasi antara individu-individu yang latar belakang budayanya berbeda. Individu-individu ini tidak harus selalu berasal dari Negara yang berbeda, bukan pada rumpun, ras atau suku budaya, melainkan pada realitasnya bahwa setiap individu sudah berbeda budaya. Agama sebagai word view sendiri adalah salah satu unsure budaya tidak pernah kering menjadi kajian. Akan lebih menarik lagi bila persinggungan komunikasi dan agama yang berbeda (komunikasi antarbudaya) dalam sebuah bahtera rumah tangga dibahas secara tuntas yang tidak lain manifestasikan dalam adegium agama ageming aji. Gambaran besar besar itulah yang tertuang dalam buku ini. Buku alih rupa disertasi ini menarik untuk dimiliki dan dibaca sebagai referensi rujukan bagi mahasiswa maupun umum. Kupas tuntas teoritis dan fakta lapangan melalui penulisan yang mengalir tentu menjadi tawaran dari buku sejenisnya. (Mukti Ali, Komunikasi Antarbudaya dalam Tradisi Agama Jawa, Pustaka Ilmu, Yogyakarta, 2017)

LP2M Press IAIN Salatiga, 2016

Secara teoritis, perbedaan akan menjadi akar konflik, ketika dimaknai sebagai domain negatif mela... more Secara teoritis, perbedaan akan menjadi akar konflik, ketika dimaknai sebagai domain negatif melalui pemahaman ekslusif, etnosentris, dan atau sikap the claim of truth yang memandang bahwa yang berbeda dengan apa yang ada pada dirinya adalah salah belaka dan harus ditiadakan. Akan tetapi ketika nilai perbedaan menjadi wilayah positif, karena memandang perbedaan adalah natural dan akan selalu ada dalam kehidupan, maka perbedaan akan dimaknai sebagai anugerah yang akan menjadikan semuanya menjadi besar, dewasa, dan memiliki pandangan yang beragam. Nilai perbedaan akan menstimulasi daya juang, daya saing, dan atau daya kompetitif yang sekaligus membentuk perilaku saling menghargai, saling mengisi, dan saling memahami untuk terciptanya nilai kerukunan. (Mukti Ali, Harmonical Communication Sebuah Pesan Damai dalam Perbedaan, LP2M Press, IAIN Salatiga, 2016)