Gyan P Mishra | INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, NEW DELHI, INDIA (original) (raw)
Papers by Gyan P Mishra
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Jan 23, 2012
ABSTRACT Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. (Crassulaceae), well acknowledged medicinal plant is widely di... more ABSTRACT Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. (Crassulaceae), well acknowledged medicinal plant is widely distributed in trans-Himalayan region of India. It has multiple uses in cuisine, forage, health care and ornamental worth. In the present investigation, 70 wildly grown Rhodiola genotypes, collected from three different sampling sites in trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh were analyzed using 40 DNA-based markers (20 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and 20 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). RAPD analysis yielded 134 fragments, of which 130 were polymorphic, with an average of 6.5 polymorphic fragments per primer. Of the 20 ISSR primer screened, only 8 were amplified in the present investigation. These amplified primers produced 59 bands, of which 57 were polymorphic with an average of 7.12 polymorphic fragments per primer. RAPD markers were found more efficient with regards to polymorphism detection, as they detected 98.28% as compared to 97.55% for ISSR markers. Clustering of genotypes within groups was remained more or less same when RAPD, ISSR and RAPD + ISSR derived dendrograms were compared. The results of principal coordinates analysis (PCA) analysis were corresponding to the dendrogram analysis. These analyses allowed us to identify the groups corresponding to the three Rhodiola collection sites. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation within the populations was found maximum than among populations in all the three cases. It may because of high level of differentiation within populations due to geographical and genetic isolation of populations in a harsh mountainous environment. With reference to the management of Rhodiola, the high genetic separation of population indicates the requisite of conserving the extreme possible number of populations from diverse parts of trans-Himalayas.
Agriculture
Microgreens belong to a class of functional foods with valuable nutritional elements and diverse ... more Microgreens belong to a class of functional foods with valuable nutritional elements and diverse health benefits when consumed as food supplements. Its consumption has increased sharply due to the abundance of different health-promoting components than their mature plants. The present study investigated the growth conditions and nutritional profiles of six crops (mungbean, lentil, red radish, pearl-millet, mustard, and red cabbage) as microgreens grown under the light with a 16 h light/8 h dark cycle. Firstly, the optimum temperature and the day of harvesting of each of the microgreens for their maximum yield were standardized. The optimum temperature ranged from 24 to 28 °C, and the best stage for their harvesting ranged from the 6th to 13th day for all six microgreens species. Physiological parameters such as height, yield, color, moisture content, seed weight to fresh weight (FW) ratio, and FW to dry weight (DW) were also estimated. All the microgreens were analyzed for the total...
Legumes: Physiology and Molecular Biology of Abiotic Stress Tolerance, 2023
Conceptualizing Plant-Based Nutrition, 2022
Frontiers in Plant Science
The seed size and shape in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) are important quality traits as these i... more The seed size and shape in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) are important quality traits as these influences the milled grain yield, cooking time, and market class of the grains. Linkage analysis was done for seed size in a RIL (F5:6) population derived by crossing L830 (20.9 g/1000 seeds) with L4602 (42.13 g/1000 seeds) which consisted of 188 lines (15.0 to 40.5 g/1000 seeds). Parental polymorphism survey using 394 SSRs identified 31 polymorphic primers, which were used for the bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Marker PBALC449 differentiated the parents and small seed size bulk only, whereas large seeded bulk or the individual plants constituting the large-seeded bulk could not be differentiated. Single plant analysis identified only six recombinant and 13 heterozygotes, of 93 small-seeded RILs (<24.0 g/1000 seed). This clearly showed that the small seed size trait is very strongly regulated by the locus near PBLAC449; whereas, large seed size trait seems governed by more than one ...
![Research paper thumbnail of Genome wide association analysis for grain micronutrients and anti-nutritional traits in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] using SNP markers](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118857958/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Frontiers in Nutrition
Mungbean is an important food grain legume for human nutrition and nutritional food due to its nu... more Mungbean is an important food grain legume for human nutrition and nutritional food due to its nutrient-dense seed, liked palatability, and high digestibility. However, anti-nutritional factors pose a significant risk to improving nutritional quality for bio-fortification. In the present study, genetic architecture of grain micronutrients (grain iron and zinc concentration) and anti-nutritional factors (grain phytic acid and tannin content) in association mapping panel of 145 diverse mungbean were evaluated. Based on all four parameters genotypes PUSA 1333 and IPM 02-19 were observed as desired genotypes as they had high grain iron and zinc concentration but low grain phytic acid and tannin content. The next generation sequencing (NGS)-based genotyping by sequencing (GBS) identified 14,447 genome-wide SNPs in a diverse selected panel of 127 mungbean genotypes. Population admixture analysis revealed the presence of four different ancestries among the genotypes and LD decay of ∼57.6 k...
Genes
Uromyces viciae-fabae Pers. de-Bary is an important fungal pathogen causing rust in peas (Pisum s... more Uromyces viciae-fabae Pers. de-Bary is an important fungal pathogen causing rust in peas (Pisum sativum L.). It is reported in mild to severe forms from different parts of the world where the pea is grown. Host specificity has been indicated in this pathogen in the field but has not yet been established under controlled conditions. The uredinial states of U. viciae-fabae are infective under temperate and tropical conditions. Aeciospores are infective in the Indian subcontinent. The genetics of rust resistance was reported qualitatively. However, non-hypersensitive resistance responses and more recent studies emphasized the quantitative nature of pea rust resistance. Partial resistance/slow rusting had been described as a durable resistance in peas. Such resistance is of the pre-haustorial type and expressed as longer incubation and latent period, poor infection efficiency, a smaller number of aecial cups/pustules, and lower units of AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve). Screeni...
Fundamentals of Field Crop Breeding, 2022
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
It fixes the atmospheric nitrogen thus improving the soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and al... more It fixes the atmospheric nitrogen thus improving the soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and also helps in management of diseases, weeds and insect pests (Kumar et al., 2013). The major lentil producing countries are Australia,
Frontiers in Plant Science
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is one of the major cool-season pulse crops worldwide. Its increas... more Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is one of the major cool-season pulse crops worldwide. Its increasing demand as a staple pulse has led to the unlocking of diverse germplasm collections conserved in the genebanks to develop its superior varieties. The Indian National Genebank, housed at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India, currently has 2,324 accessions comprising 1,796 indigenous and 528 exotic collections. This study was conducted to unveil the potential of lentil germplasm by assessing its agro-morphological characteristics and diversity, identifying trait-specific germplasm, and developing a core set. The complete germplasm set was characterized for two years, i.e., 2017–2018 and 2018–2019, and data were recorded on 26 agro-morphological traits. High phenotypic variability was observed for nine quantitative and 17 qualitative traits. A core set comprising 170 accessions (137 Indian and 33 exotic) was deriv...
Frontiers in Genetics
Market class, cooking time, quality, and milled grain yield are largely influenced by the seed si... more Market class, cooking time, quality, and milled grain yield are largely influenced by the seed size and shape of the lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.); thus, they are considered to be important quality traits. To unfold the pathways regulating seed size in lentils, a transcriptomic approach was performed using large-seeded (L4602) and small-seeded (L830) genotypes. The study has generated nearly 375 million high-quality reads, of which 98.70% were properly aligned to the reference genome. Among biological replicates, very high similarity in fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped fragments values (R > 0.9) showed the consistency of RNA-seq results. Various differentially expressed genes associated mainly with the hormone signaling and cell division pathways, transcription factors, kinases, etc. were identified as having a role in cell expansion and seed growth. A total of 106,996 unigenes were used for differential expression (DE) analysis. String analysis identified vario...
Plants
This study reports the identification of a unique lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotype L4717-N... more This study reports the identification of a unique lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotype L4717-NM, a natural mutant (NM) derived from a variety L4717, producing brown, black, and spotted seed-coat colored seeds in a single plant, generation after generation, in different frequencies. The genetic similarity of L4717 with that of L4717-NM expressing anomalous seed-coat color was established using 54 SSR markers. In addition, various biochemical parameters such as TPC (total phenolic content), TFC (total flavonoid content), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), H2O2 (peroxide quantification), TCC (total carotenoids content), TAC (total anthocyanin content), and TAA (total ascorbic acid) were also studied in the seeds, sprouts, and seedlings of L4717, brown, black, and spotted seed-coat colored seeds. Stage-specific variations for the key biochemical parameters were recorded, and seedling stage was found the best for many parameters. Moreover, ...
PLOS ONE
Microgreens have been used for raw consumption and are generally viewed as healthy food. This stu... more Microgreens have been used for raw consumption and are generally viewed as healthy food. This study aimed to optimize the yield parameters, shelf life, sensory evaluation and characterization of total aerobic bacteria (TAB), yeast and mold (Y&M), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria spp. incidence in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) microgreens. In mungbean and lentil, seeding-density of three seed/cm2, while in Indian mustard, eight seed/cm2 were recorded as optimum. The optimal time to harvest mungbean, Indian mustard, and lentil microgreens were found as 7th, 8th, and 9th day after sowing, respectively. Interestingly, seed size was found highly correlated with the overall yield in both mungbeans (r2 = .73) and lentils (r2 = .78), whereas no such relationship has been recorded for Indian mustard microgreens. The target pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella sp...
Legume Research, Apr 30, 2022
Background: Phosphorus (P) is the essential nutrient required for the growth and development of p... more Background: Phosphorus (P) is the essential nutrient required for the growth and development of plants. P deficiency mainly leads to dark green foliage, alteration of root architectural traits and higher root to shoot ratio in plants. Further P deficiency results in enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby it leads to oxidative damage to plant cells. Plants have developed the mechanisms like production of antioxidants to overcome this effect. Methods: In the present study, 18 genotypes were evaluated under a hydroponic system with normal and low P levels. After 21 days, the seedlings were used for investigating the physiological and antioxidant activity response of genotypes under normal and low P condition. Result: The mean values of traits chlorophyll concentration, root dry weight, root to shoot ratio, H 2 O 2 , FRAP and DPPH were significantly higher under low P condition compared to normal P condition. The correlation and principal component analysis revealed that the traits RDW and TDW are major contributors to variation and could be used for P deficiency screening in mungbean. Based on major contributing traits of variation, the genotypes PUSA 1333 was identified as an efficient genotype and could be used in P use efficiency improvement in mungbean.
PeerJ, 2022
The development of phosphorus-efficient crop cultivars boosts productivity while lowering eutroph... more The development of phosphorus-efficient crop cultivars boosts productivity while lowering eutrophication in the environment. It is feasible to improve the efficiency of phosphorus (P) absorption in lentils by enhancing phosphorus absorption through root architectural traits. The root architectural traits of 110 diverse lentil genotypes of Indian and Mediterranean origin were assessed, and the relationships between traits were investigated. In a hydroponics experiment, the lentil lines were examined at the seedling stage under two conditions: adequate P supply and deficient P supply. The Pearson correlation coefficients between root architectural traits and genetic diversity among lentil lines were assessed. To estimate variance components, a model (fixed factor) was used. In this experiment, both phosphorus (P) and genotype were fixed variables. Our lentil lines showed significant genetic variability and considerable genetic diversity for all traits under both treatments. The TRL (t...
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021
Mungbeans and lentils are relatively easily grown and cheaper sources of microgreens, but their p... more Mungbeans and lentils are relatively easily grown and cheaper sources of microgreens, but their phytonutrient diversity is not yet deeply explored. In this study, 20 diverse genotypes each of mungbean and lentil were grown as microgreens under plain-altitude (Delhi) and high-altitude (Leh) conditions, which showed significant genotypic variations for ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotenoids, flavonoid, total phenolics, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), peroxide activity, proteins, enzymes (peroxidase and catalase), micronutrients, and macronutrients contents. The lentil and mungbean genotypes L830 and MH810, respectively, were found superior for most of the studied parameters over other studied genotypes. Interestingly, for most of the studied parameters, Leh-grown microgreens were found superior to the Delhi-grown microgreens, which could be due to unique environmental conditions of Leh, especially wide temperature amplitude, photosynthe...
Plants, 2021
Phosphorus (P) is an essential, non-renewable resource critical for crop productivity across the ... more Phosphorus (P) is an essential, non-renewable resource critical for crop productivity across the world. P is immobile in nature and, therefore, the identification of novel genotypes with efficient P uptake and utilization under a low P environment is extremely important. This study was designed to characterize eighty genotypes of different Lens species for shoot and root traits at two contrasting levels of P. A significant reduction in primary root length (PRL), total surface area (TSA), total root tips (TRT), root forks (RF), total dry weight (TDW), root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) in response to P deficiency was recorded. A principal component analysis revealed that the TDW, SDW and RDW were significantly correlated to P uptake and utilization efficiency in lentils. Based on total dry weight (TDW) under low P, L4727, EC718309, EC714238, PL-97, EC718348, DPL15, PL06 and EC718332 were found promising. The characterization of different Lens species revealed species-sp...
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The), 2020
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the serious problems affecting plant growth in mungbean in di... more Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the serious problems affecting plant growth in mungbean in different parts of the world. The root, shoot and biomass related traits were investigated for identifying P-efficient genotypes in 54 mungbean genotypes under low-P (LP) and normal-P (NP) conditions. In this study, the membership function value of P use efficiency of studied traits was used as a compendious index for studying P use efficiency (PUE) in mungbean. Among the studied traits, mean values of total root volume, chlorophyll concentration, root dry weight (RDW) and root to shoot ratio increased >25% under LP condition indicating that these traits are highly responsive to P deficiency. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis revealed that RDW explained most of the variation and could be used as a clear indicator of PUE. The five highly P-efficient genotypes namely, MH 805, M 42, PUSA 9531, EC 398885 and M 209 with high MFVP values may be used for PUE improvement in mungbean.
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020
PLOS ONE, 2021
Mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) is an important food grain legume, but its production capacity is thre... more Mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) is an important food grain legume, but its production capacity is threatened by global warming, which can intensify plant stress and limit future production. Identifying new variation of key root traits in mungbean will provide the basis for breeding lines with effective root characteristics for improved water uptake to mitigate heat and drought stress. The AVRDC mungbean mini core collection consisting of 296 genotypes was screened under modified semi-hydroponic screening conditions to determine the variation for fourteen root-related traits. The AVRDC mungbean mini core collection displayed wide variations for the primary root length, total surface area, and total root length, and based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering eight homogeneous groups displaying different root traits could be identified. Germplasm with potentially favorable root traits has been identified for further studies to identify the donor genotypes for breeding cultivars with enh...
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Jan 23, 2012
ABSTRACT Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. (Crassulaceae), well acknowledged medicinal plant is widely di... more ABSTRACT Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. (Crassulaceae), well acknowledged medicinal plant is widely distributed in trans-Himalayan region of India. It has multiple uses in cuisine, forage, health care and ornamental worth. In the present investigation, 70 wildly grown Rhodiola genotypes, collected from three different sampling sites in trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh were analyzed using 40 DNA-based markers (20 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and 20 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). RAPD analysis yielded 134 fragments, of which 130 were polymorphic, with an average of 6.5 polymorphic fragments per primer. Of the 20 ISSR primer screened, only 8 were amplified in the present investigation. These amplified primers produced 59 bands, of which 57 were polymorphic with an average of 7.12 polymorphic fragments per primer. RAPD markers were found more efficient with regards to polymorphism detection, as they detected 98.28% as compared to 97.55% for ISSR markers. Clustering of genotypes within groups was remained more or less same when RAPD, ISSR and RAPD + ISSR derived dendrograms were compared. The results of principal coordinates analysis (PCA) analysis were corresponding to the dendrogram analysis. These analyses allowed us to identify the groups corresponding to the three Rhodiola collection sites. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation within the populations was found maximum than among populations in all the three cases. It may because of high level of differentiation within populations due to geographical and genetic isolation of populations in a harsh mountainous environment. With reference to the management of Rhodiola, the high genetic separation of population indicates the requisite of conserving the extreme possible number of populations from diverse parts of trans-Himalayas.
Agriculture
Microgreens belong to a class of functional foods with valuable nutritional elements and diverse ... more Microgreens belong to a class of functional foods with valuable nutritional elements and diverse health benefits when consumed as food supplements. Its consumption has increased sharply due to the abundance of different health-promoting components than their mature plants. The present study investigated the growth conditions and nutritional profiles of six crops (mungbean, lentil, red radish, pearl-millet, mustard, and red cabbage) as microgreens grown under the light with a 16 h light/8 h dark cycle. Firstly, the optimum temperature and the day of harvesting of each of the microgreens for their maximum yield were standardized. The optimum temperature ranged from 24 to 28 °C, and the best stage for their harvesting ranged from the 6th to 13th day for all six microgreens species. Physiological parameters such as height, yield, color, moisture content, seed weight to fresh weight (FW) ratio, and FW to dry weight (DW) were also estimated. All the microgreens were analyzed for the total...
Legumes: Physiology and Molecular Biology of Abiotic Stress Tolerance, 2023
Conceptualizing Plant-Based Nutrition, 2022
Frontiers in Plant Science
The seed size and shape in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) are important quality traits as these i... more The seed size and shape in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) are important quality traits as these influences the milled grain yield, cooking time, and market class of the grains. Linkage analysis was done for seed size in a RIL (F5:6) population derived by crossing L830 (20.9 g/1000 seeds) with L4602 (42.13 g/1000 seeds) which consisted of 188 lines (15.0 to 40.5 g/1000 seeds). Parental polymorphism survey using 394 SSRs identified 31 polymorphic primers, which were used for the bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Marker PBALC449 differentiated the parents and small seed size bulk only, whereas large seeded bulk or the individual plants constituting the large-seeded bulk could not be differentiated. Single plant analysis identified only six recombinant and 13 heterozygotes, of 93 small-seeded RILs (<24.0 g/1000 seed). This clearly showed that the small seed size trait is very strongly regulated by the locus near PBLAC449; whereas, large seed size trait seems governed by more than one ...
Frontiers in Nutrition
Mungbean is an important food grain legume for human nutrition and nutritional food due to its nu... more Mungbean is an important food grain legume for human nutrition and nutritional food due to its nutrient-dense seed, liked palatability, and high digestibility. However, anti-nutritional factors pose a significant risk to improving nutritional quality for bio-fortification. In the present study, genetic architecture of grain micronutrients (grain iron and zinc concentration) and anti-nutritional factors (grain phytic acid and tannin content) in association mapping panel of 145 diverse mungbean were evaluated. Based on all four parameters genotypes PUSA 1333 and IPM 02-19 were observed as desired genotypes as they had high grain iron and zinc concentration but low grain phytic acid and tannin content. The next generation sequencing (NGS)-based genotyping by sequencing (GBS) identified 14,447 genome-wide SNPs in a diverse selected panel of 127 mungbean genotypes. Population admixture analysis revealed the presence of four different ancestries among the genotypes and LD decay of ∼57.6 k...
Genes
Uromyces viciae-fabae Pers. de-Bary is an important fungal pathogen causing rust in peas (Pisum s... more Uromyces viciae-fabae Pers. de-Bary is an important fungal pathogen causing rust in peas (Pisum sativum L.). It is reported in mild to severe forms from different parts of the world where the pea is grown. Host specificity has been indicated in this pathogen in the field but has not yet been established under controlled conditions. The uredinial states of U. viciae-fabae are infective under temperate and tropical conditions. Aeciospores are infective in the Indian subcontinent. The genetics of rust resistance was reported qualitatively. However, non-hypersensitive resistance responses and more recent studies emphasized the quantitative nature of pea rust resistance. Partial resistance/slow rusting had been described as a durable resistance in peas. Such resistance is of the pre-haustorial type and expressed as longer incubation and latent period, poor infection efficiency, a smaller number of aecial cups/pustules, and lower units of AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve). Screeni...
Fundamentals of Field Crop Breeding, 2022
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
It fixes the atmospheric nitrogen thus improving the soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and al... more It fixes the atmospheric nitrogen thus improving the soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and also helps in management of diseases, weeds and insect pests (Kumar et al., 2013). The major lentil producing countries are Australia,
Frontiers in Plant Science
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is one of the major cool-season pulse crops worldwide. Its increas... more Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is one of the major cool-season pulse crops worldwide. Its increasing demand as a staple pulse has led to the unlocking of diverse germplasm collections conserved in the genebanks to develop its superior varieties. The Indian National Genebank, housed at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India, currently has 2,324 accessions comprising 1,796 indigenous and 528 exotic collections. This study was conducted to unveil the potential of lentil germplasm by assessing its agro-morphological characteristics and diversity, identifying trait-specific germplasm, and developing a core set. The complete germplasm set was characterized for two years, i.e., 2017–2018 and 2018–2019, and data were recorded on 26 agro-morphological traits. High phenotypic variability was observed for nine quantitative and 17 qualitative traits. A core set comprising 170 accessions (137 Indian and 33 exotic) was deriv...
Frontiers in Genetics
Market class, cooking time, quality, and milled grain yield are largely influenced by the seed si... more Market class, cooking time, quality, and milled grain yield are largely influenced by the seed size and shape of the lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.); thus, they are considered to be important quality traits. To unfold the pathways regulating seed size in lentils, a transcriptomic approach was performed using large-seeded (L4602) and small-seeded (L830) genotypes. The study has generated nearly 375 million high-quality reads, of which 98.70% were properly aligned to the reference genome. Among biological replicates, very high similarity in fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped fragments values (R > 0.9) showed the consistency of RNA-seq results. Various differentially expressed genes associated mainly with the hormone signaling and cell division pathways, transcription factors, kinases, etc. were identified as having a role in cell expansion and seed growth. A total of 106,996 unigenes were used for differential expression (DE) analysis. String analysis identified vario...
Plants
This study reports the identification of a unique lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotype L4717-N... more This study reports the identification of a unique lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotype L4717-NM, a natural mutant (NM) derived from a variety L4717, producing brown, black, and spotted seed-coat colored seeds in a single plant, generation after generation, in different frequencies. The genetic similarity of L4717 with that of L4717-NM expressing anomalous seed-coat color was established using 54 SSR markers. In addition, various biochemical parameters such as TPC (total phenolic content), TFC (total flavonoid content), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), H2O2 (peroxide quantification), TCC (total carotenoids content), TAC (total anthocyanin content), and TAA (total ascorbic acid) were also studied in the seeds, sprouts, and seedlings of L4717, brown, black, and spotted seed-coat colored seeds. Stage-specific variations for the key biochemical parameters were recorded, and seedling stage was found the best for many parameters. Moreover, ...
PLOS ONE
Microgreens have been used for raw consumption and are generally viewed as healthy food. This stu... more Microgreens have been used for raw consumption and are generally viewed as healthy food. This study aimed to optimize the yield parameters, shelf life, sensory evaluation and characterization of total aerobic bacteria (TAB), yeast and mold (Y&M), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria spp. incidence in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) microgreens. In mungbean and lentil, seeding-density of three seed/cm2, while in Indian mustard, eight seed/cm2 were recorded as optimum. The optimal time to harvest mungbean, Indian mustard, and lentil microgreens were found as 7th, 8th, and 9th day after sowing, respectively. Interestingly, seed size was found highly correlated with the overall yield in both mungbeans (r2 = .73) and lentils (r2 = .78), whereas no such relationship has been recorded for Indian mustard microgreens. The target pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella sp...
Legume Research, Apr 30, 2022
Background: Phosphorus (P) is the essential nutrient required for the growth and development of p... more Background: Phosphorus (P) is the essential nutrient required for the growth and development of plants. P deficiency mainly leads to dark green foliage, alteration of root architectural traits and higher root to shoot ratio in plants. Further P deficiency results in enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby it leads to oxidative damage to plant cells. Plants have developed the mechanisms like production of antioxidants to overcome this effect. Methods: In the present study, 18 genotypes were evaluated under a hydroponic system with normal and low P levels. After 21 days, the seedlings were used for investigating the physiological and antioxidant activity response of genotypes under normal and low P condition. Result: The mean values of traits chlorophyll concentration, root dry weight, root to shoot ratio, H 2 O 2 , FRAP and DPPH were significantly higher under low P condition compared to normal P condition. The correlation and principal component analysis revealed that the traits RDW and TDW are major contributors to variation and could be used for P deficiency screening in mungbean. Based on major contributing traits of variation, the genotypes PUSA 1333 was identified as an efficient genotype and could be used in P use efficiency improvement in mungbean.
PeerJ, 2022
The development of phosphorus-efficient crop cultivars boosts productivity while lowering eutroph... more The development of phosphorus-efficient crop cultivars boosts productivity while lowering eutrophication in the environment. It is feasible to improve the efficiency of phosphorus (P) absorption in lentils by enhancing phosphorus absorption through root architectural traits. The root architectural traits of 110 diverse lentil genotypes of Indian and Mediterranean origin were assessed, and the relationships between traits were investigated. In a hydroponics experiment, the lentil lines were examined at the seedling stage under two conditions: adequate P supply and deficient P supply. The Pearson correlation coefficients between root architectural traits and genetic diversity among lentil lines were assessed. To estimate variance components, a model (fixed factor) was used. In this experiment, both phosphorus (P) and genotype were fixed variables. Our lentil lines showed significant genetic variability and considerable genetic diversity for all traits under both treatments. The TRL (t...
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021
Mungbeans and lentils are relatively easily grown and cheaper sources of microgreens, but their p... more Mungbeans and lentils are relatively easily grown and cheaper sources of microgreens, but their phytonutrient diversity is not yet deeply explored. In this study, 20 diverse genotypes each of mungbean and lentil were grown as microgreens under plain-altitude (Delhi) and high-altitude (Leh) conditions, which showed significant genotypic variations for ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotenoids, flavonoid, total phenolics, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), peroxide activity, proteins, enzymes (peroxidase and catalase), micronutrients, and macronutrients contents. The lentil and mungbean genotypes L830 and MH810, respectively, were found superior for most of the studied parameters over other studied genotypes. Interestingly, for most of the studied parameters, Leh-grown microgreens were found superior to the Delhi-grown microgreens, which could be due to unique environmental conditions of Leh, especially wide temperature amplitude, photosynthe...
Plants, 2021
Phosphorus (P) is an essential, non-renewable resource critical for crop productivity across the ... more Phosphorus (P) is an essential, non-renewable resource critical for crop productivity across the world. P is immobile in nature and, therefore, the identification of novel genotypes with efficient P uptake and utilization under a low P environment is extremely important. This study was designed to characterize eighty genotypes of different Lens species for shoot and root traits at two contrasting levels of P. A significant reduction in primary root length (PRL), total surface area (TSA), total root tips (TRT), root forks (RF), total dry weight (TDW), root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) in response to P deficiency was recorded. A principal component analysis revealed that the TDW, SDW and RDW were significantly correlated to P uptake and utilization efficiency in lentils. Based on total dry weight (TDW) under low P, L4727, EC718309, EC714238, PL-97, EC718348, DPL15, PL06 and EC718332 were found promising. The characterization of different Lens species revealed species-sp...
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The), 2020
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the serious problems affecting plant growth in mungbean in di... more Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the serious problems affecting plant growth in mungbean in different parts of the world. The root, shoot and biomass related traits were investigated for identifying P-efficient genotypes in 54 mungbean genotypes under low-P (LP) and normal-P (NP) conditions. In this study, the membership function value of P use efficiency of studied traits was used as a compendious index for studying P use efficiency (PUE) in mungbean. Among the studied traits, mean values of total root volume, chlorophyll concentration, root dry weight (RDW) and root to shoot ratio increased >25% under LP condition indicating that these traits are highly responsive to P deficiency. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis revealed that RDW explained most of the variation and could be used as a clear indicator of PUE. The five highly P-efficient genotypes namely, MH 805, M 42, PUSA 9531, EC 398885 and M 209 with high MFVP values may be used for PUE improvement in mungbean.
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020
PLOS ONE, 2021
Mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) is an important food grain legume, but its production capacity is thre... more Mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) is an important food grain legume, but its production capacity is threatened by global warming, which can intensify plant stress and limit future production. Identifying new variation of key root traits in mungbean will provide the basis for breeding lines with effective root characteristics for improved water uptake to mitigate heat and drought stress. The AVRDC mungbean mini core collection consisting of 296 genotypes was screened under modified semi-hydroponic screening conditions to determine the variation for fourteen root-related traits. The AVRDC mungbean mini core collection displayed wide variations for the primary root length, total surface area, and total root length, and based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering eight homogeneous groups displaying different root traits could be identified. Germplasm with potentially favorable root traits has been identified for further studies to identify the donor genotypes for breeding cultivars with enh...
Okra is such a genomically less explored crop that, many labs are still trying for the optimizati... more Okra is such a genomically less explored crop that, many labs are still trying for the optimization of quality DNA isolation protocol for the efficient use in the contemporary genomic studies. In this study, we have optimized a quick and reproducible DNA isolation protocol for the isolation of quality genomic DNA from different tissues of two cultivated (Abelmoschus esculentus and A. caillei) and seven wild okra species (A. manihot, A. moschatus, A. tetraphyllus, A. tuberculatus, A. ficulneus, A. rugosus and A. angulosus), including related species Hibiscus cannabinus. The quality of isolated DNA was also confirmed using PCR amplification of various DNA markers like Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat (EST-SSR). This is probably the first report wherein the DNA isolation protocol has been optimized for nine Abelmoschus species along with a related species Hibiscus. Thus, good quality and quantity of DNA can be isolated in okra, with the care that it should be performed using appropriate plant tissue, either very young leaves or etiolated seedlings, and well optimized DNA isolation protocol as prescribed in this study.
The phytochemical screening, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenols in the methanolic extrac... more The phytochemical screening, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenols in the methanolic extract of leaves, flower buds, roots and fruits of Capparis spinosa collected from trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh were assessed in an effort to corroborate its medicinal and culinary potential. Highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were observed in the leaves and least in dried fruit samples, even FRAP assay also illustrated the same trend. IC50 values of DPPH assay was highly correlated with that of ABTS (R2 = 0.9084) and FRAP assay (R2 = 0.9771). However, IC50 value of ABTS was reasonably correlated with FRAP assay (R2 = 0.5838). The highest phenolic and flavonoid content was recorded in the leaf samples (24.78 and 5.69 mg GAE/g DW respectively), whereas it was lowest in the dried fruit samples (4.07 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW and nil, respectively). The total phenolic contents were highly correlated with IC50 value of ABTS (R2 = 0.9084), DPPH (R2 = 0.9388) and FRAP value (R2 = 0.9618). But, total flavonoid contents were highly correlated with ABTS (R2 = 0.7449), DPPH (R2 = 0.8791) and FRAP values (R2 = 0.9588). Thus, this study has validated the medicinal potential of all the edible parts of the C. spinosa.
Despite the importance of okra, as one of the important vegetable crop, very little attention has... more Despite the importance of okra, as one of the important vegetable crop, very little attention has been paid to its genetic improvement using advanced biotechnological tools. The exploitation of marker assisted breeding in okra is often limited due to the availability of a few molecular markers, the absence of molecular genetic-map(s) and other molecular tools. Chromosome linkage-groups were not yet constructed for this crop and reports on marker development are very scanty and mostly hovering around cultivar characterization. Besides, very little progress has been observed for transgenic development. However, high throughput biotechnological tools like chromosome engineering, RNA interference (RNAi), marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS), genome-wide selection (GWS), targeted gene replacement, next generation sequencing (NGS) and nanobiotechnology can provide a rapid way for okra improvement. Further, the etiology of many deadly viral diseases like the yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) and okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCV) in okra is broadly indistinct and has been shown to be caused by various begomovirus species. These diseases cause systemic infections and have a very effective mode of transmission; thus, preventing their spread has been very complicated. Biotechnological interventions have the potential to enhance okra production even under different viral-stress conditions. In this background, this review deals with the biotechnological advancements in okra per se along with the begomoviruses infecting okra, and special emphasis has been laid on the exploitation of advanced genomic tools for the development of resistant varieties.
Research on genetic transformation in various crop plants using the DREB1A transcription factor h... more Research on genetic transformation in various crop plants using the DREB1A
transcription factor has shown better abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crops.
The AtDREB1A transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. GG 20), which was
previously developed, was characterized in terms of its physio-biochemical,
molecular and growth parameters. The tolerance of this transgenic peanut to
drought and salinity stresses was evaluated at the seedling (18 days old) and
maturity stages. Transgenic peanut lines showed improved tolerance to both
stresses over wild-type, as observed by delayed and less severe wilting of leaves
and by improved growth parameters that were correlated with physio-biochemical
parameters such as proline content, total chlorophyll content, osmotic potential,
electrolytic leakage and relative water content. The expression pattern of the
AtDREB1A gene evaluated using qPCR at different time points demonstrated that
transgene expression was induced within two hours of stress imposition. The better
performance of transgenic AtDREB1A peanut at the seedling stage and the
improved growth parameters were due to the expression of the transgene, which is
a transcription factor, and the possible up-regulation of various stress-inducible,
downstream genes in the signal transduction pathway under abiotic stress.
Peanut, an important oilseed crop, is gaining priority for the development of drought tolerant ge... more Peanut, an important oilseed crop, is gaining priority for the development of drought tolerant genotypes in recent times, since the area under drought is constantly on the rise. To achieve this, one of the important strategies is to genetically engineer the ruling peanut varieties using transcription factor regulating the expression of several downstream, abiotic-stress responsive gene(s). In this study, eight independent transgenic peanut (cv. GG20) lines were developed using AtDREB1A gene, encoding for a transcription factor, through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. The transgene insertion was confirmed in (T 0) using PCR and Dot-blot analysis, while copy-number(s) was ascertained using Southern-blot analysis. The inheritance of AtDREB1A gene in individual transgenic plants (T 1 and T 2) was confirmed using PCR. In homozygous transgenic plants (T 2), under soil-moisture deficit stress, elevated level of AtDREB1A transgene expression was observed by RT-PCR assay. The transgenic plants at 45-d or reproductive growth stage showed tolerance to severe soil-moisture deficit stress. Physio-biochemical parameters such as proline content, osmotic potential, relative water content, electrolytic leakage, and total-chlorophyll content were found positively correlated with growth-related traits without any morphological abnormality, when compared to wild-type. qPCR analysis revealed consistent increase in expression of AtDREB1A gene under progressive soil-moisture deficit stress in two homozygous transgenic plants. The transgene expression showed significant correlation with improved physio-biochemical traits. The improvement of drought-stress tolerance in combination with improved growth-related traits is very essential criterion for a premium peanut cultivar like GG20, so that marginal farmers of India can incur the economic benefits during seasonal drought and water scarcity.
Development and characterization of transgenic peanut under soil moisture deficit stress
Peanut, an important oilseed crop, is gaining priority for the development of drought tolerant ge... more Peanut, an important oilseed crop, is gaining priority for the development of drought tolerant genotypes in recent times, since the area under drought is constantly on the rise. To achieve this, one of the important strategies is to genetically engineer the ruling peanut varieties using transcription factor regulating the expression of several downstream, abiotic-stress responsive gene(s). In this study, eight independent transgenic peanut (cv. GG20) lines were developed using AtDREB1A gene, encoding for a transcription factor, through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. The transgene insertion was confirmed in (T 0 ) using PCR and Dot-blot analysis, while copy-number(s) was ascertained using Southern-blot analysis. The inheritance of AtDREB1A gene in individual transgenic plants (T 1 and T 2 ) was confirmed using PCR. In homozygous transgenic plants (T 2 ), under soil-moisture deficit stress, elevated level of AtDREB1A transgene expression was observed by RT-PCR assay. The transgenic plants at 45-d or reproductive growth stage showed tolerance to severe soil-moisture deficit stress. Physio-biochemical parameters such as proline content, osmotic potential, relative water content, electrolytic leakage, and total-chlorophyll content were found positively correlated with growth-related traits without any morphological abnormality, when compared to wild-type. qPCR analysis revealed consistent increase in expression of AtDREB1A gene under progressive soil-moisture deficit stress in two homozygous transgenic plants. The transgene expression showed significant correlation with improved physio-biochemical traits. The improvement of drought-stress tolerance in combination with improved growth-related traits is very essential criterion for a premium peanut cultivar like GG20, so that marginal farmers of India can incur the economic benefits during seasonal drought and water scarcity.
Peanut, an important oilseed crop, is gaining priority for the development of drought tolerant ge... more Peanut, an important oilseed crop, is gaining priority for the development of drought tolerant genotypes in recent times, since the area under drought is constantly on the rise. To achieve this, one of the important strategies is to genetically engineer the ruling peanut varieties using transcription factor regulating the expression of several downstream, abiotic-stress responsive gene(s). In this study, eight independent transgenic peanut (cv. GG20) lines were developed using AtDREB1A gene, encoding for a transcription factor, through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. The transgene insertion was confirmed in (T 0 ) using PCR and Dot-blot analysis, while copy-number(s) was ascertained using Southern-blot analysis. The inheritance of AtDREB1A gene in individual transgenic plants (T 1 and T 2 ) was confirmed using PCR. In homozygous transgenic plants (T 2 ), under soil-moisture deficit stress, elevated level of AtDREB1A transgene expression was observed by RT-PCR assay. The transgenic plants at 45-d or reproductive growth stage showed tolerance to severe soil-moisture deficit stress. Physio-biochemical parameters such as proline content, osmotic potential, relative water content, electrolytic leakage, and total-chlorophyll content were found positively correlated with growth-related traits without any morphological abnormality, when compared to wild-type. qPCR analysis revealed consistent increase in expression of AtDREB1A gene under progressive soil-moisture deficit stress in two homozygous transgenic plants. The transgene expression showed significant correlation with improved physio-biochemical traits. The improvement of drought-stress tolerance in combination with improved growth-related traits is very essential criterion for a premium peanut cultivar like GG20, so that marginal farmers of India can incur the economic benefits during seasonal drought and water scarcity.
India is known as " The Home of Spices ". No Indian meal is considered complete without the tangy... more India is known as " The Home of Spices ". No Indian meal is considered complete without the tangy and delectable flavor of Indian Spices, locally known as " Masala ". Indian spices are famous all over the world for their gastronic value to possess high medicinal values. Specialized commodity trading is gaining momentum in many parts of India. Vast export potential exists in India for fresh and different processed products of vegetables. Among vegetables, onion contributes the largest export-able commodities in India. India ranks third in export of fresh onion, next to Netherlands and Spain in the world and export of fresh onion from India is channelized through NAFED. Major importers of fresh onion from India are Gulf countries, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Fresh onion export from India shares 8.98% of the total export earnings from agriculture sector in 2014–15. Garlic has been exporting from India for many years to the major importing countries like Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Zambia, UAF, Bahrain, Mauritius, Kuwait, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The export has been ranging between 2 and 3 per cent of the total domestic production. The quantum of export of garlic has been fluctuating due to sudden change in the policy of garlic importing countries. Varieties having bigger cloves have great demand in the international market. In Europe and North America chilli is consumed as an important vegetable in diets but it is considered as a spice product in international trade. The mild and or non-pungent dried powder or oleoresin having a brilliant red colour is common in the international spice trade. The chilli powder and oleoresin contains
