khosrow shafiei Motlagh | Islamic Azad Universty (original) (raw)

Thesis Chapters by khosrow shafiei Motlagh

The Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil... more The Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil and water resources. Recent decades, correct and timely assessment of quantitative and qualitative runoff is considered one of the concerns of the country's macro management. This study tried to model, evaluate, and determine the efficiency of the SWAT model in simulating the monthly runoff, sensitivity analysis, optimization of critical parameters, to evaluate the effect land use during the past four decades on Quantity of Maroon River watershed at the departure station (Idanak) in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer. For this purpose, this study used semi-distributed SWAT model and SUFI2 program in the form of bundles SWAT CUP for sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis. In this research, the authors have identified changes in land use map available as well as soil and vegetation in the watershed Maroon map within four ten-year period from 1980 to 2010 by using TM and ETM sensor of Landsat satellite . Observations Data of hydrometric Idenak station as base station was used for the years 1970 to 2010 in fourteen-year period to observe changes in runoff during the calibration and validation. The results of sensitivity analysis conducted that the most sensitive parameters affecting the discharge of Maroon was based on monthly are CN2, CH-K2, ESCO, SMFMN, SMFMX, SOL-K, SLSUBBSN and ALPHA-BF. Curve number (CN II) was identified as the most sensitive parameters. The evaluation of the performance of model using statistical indicators showed the model has high capability in simulate the monthly runoff. Comparing the effect of land use management options on the different components of the hydrological cycle showed the different amounts of runoff. The pessimistic scenario has occurred in four decades, with continuing destruction to the regression state in land use is increased in various amounts of runoff and it is reduced permeability gullies to shallow and deep aquifer.

The expansion of societies and an increase in vehicles have led to realizing many waste tires ann... more The expansion of societies and an increase in vehicles have led to realizing many waste tires annually in almost all countries. These tires enter environment and cause serious problems. In some cases, soils should be improved for the use in geotechnical projects. These factors may come together, leading to finding appropriate applications of waste tires. Given the important role that the aspect ratio on shear strength of sand chips in this investigation and study author with the help of artificial neural network to predict the optimal aspect ratio pays rubber chips. In this study, using the results of direct shear tests were carried out on sandy soil reinforced with rubber chips to within 2 cm and a length to width ratio 30.15% by volume and 50 different three chips, with two different density, an artificial neural network built to predict the strength parameters sandy soils reinforced with chips tires with a width of 3 and 4 cm with an aspect ratio of 1 to 14 with hundreds of letters of 15 and 30 and 50 deals with the aspect ratio optimally offers. Forecast neural network demonstrates the length to width ratio rubber chips are effective shear strength parameters of the concrete sand, so that only a certain width to any length to width ratio can have a maximum of shear strength parameters.

Papers by khosrow shafiei Motlagh

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2018

Proper management of watersheds is one of the most important methods for using water and soil res... more Proper management of watersheds is one of the most important methods for using water and soil resources. In the last few decades, accurate and timely estimates of the quantitative and qualitative runoff status are one of the major concerns of large-scale management. The aims of this research are a simulation of monthly runoff, sensitivity analysis, optimization of sensitive parameters, investigation of the effect of land use change over the last four decades on the quantity and quality of the Maroon River (southwest of Iran) at the exit point of the Maroon Watershed (Idnak) in Iran using the SWAT model. For this purpose, the semi-distributed SWAT model and the SUFI2 program were used in the SWAT CUP software package for sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis. In this research, the map of land use change and soil mapping and vegetation cover in the Maroon watershed were first identified over the course of the four decades between 1970 and 2010, using TM and ETM satellite measurements in Landsat. Observations of the Idnak Hydrometer Station were used as the base station during 1970 to 2010 over a period of four decades. Comparison of the effects of land use management options on various components of the hydrological cycle as well as different runoff rates show that if the pessimistic scenario occurs, and with the continuation of the destructive trend in land use to the retreat, values of runoff will increase and there will be more permeability and the drainage will go down to deeper aquifers.

Background: There are many types of treatments and recommendations for restoring back deformities... more Background: There are many types of treatments and recommendations for restoring back deformities depending on doctors ’ knowledge and opinions. The purpose of the exercises is to reduce pain and to ensure stability of the lower trunk by toning the abdominal muscles, buttocks and hamstrings. Given the duration of flares and relapses rate, it is important to apply an efficient and lasting treatment. Objective: To evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of William’s training on flexibility of lumbosacral muscles and lumbar angle in females with Hyperlordosis. Methods: Fourty female students with lumbar lordosis more than normal degrees (Hyperlordotic) that randomly divided into exercise and control groups were selected as the study sample. The lumbar lordosis was measured using a flexible ruler, flexibility of hamstring muscles was measured with the active knee extension test, the hip flexor muscles was measured using Thomas test, the lumbar muscles flexibility measures by Schober test, abdom...

Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province With an area of about 13699 square kilometers located in the ... more Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province With an area of about 13699 square kilometers located in the South East of the iran country . Three-quarters of the province's area constituted of mountains and plains where only one-fourth of six (kalacho, Charam, Bordian Deddasht, Lishter, ImamZadeh Jafar ) that have significant role in agriculture and animal husbandry industry of super play this deprived province . Due to the topography of the surface waters of this province is very difficult and costly, and in some areas almost impossible . The underground water source (sedimentation tanks and reservoirs karst) is the only source of fresh water for the people of the region . Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province as well as some of the provinces in recent decades have suffered from drought . Risk of water resources crisis caused a sharp reduction in precipitation and wrong methods of irrigation and overexploitation of underground water source future ahead of us draws disturbing . As far as...

The expansion of societies and an increase in vehicles have led to realizing many waste tires ann... more The expansion of societies and an increase in vehicles have led to realizing many waste tires annually in almost all countries. These tires enter environment and cause serious problems. In some cases, soils should be improved for the use in geotechnical projects. These factors may come together, leading to finding appropriate applications of waste tires. Given the important role that the aspect ratio on shear strength of sand chips in this investigation and study author with the help of artificial neural network to predict the optimal aspect ratio pays rubber chips. In this study, using the results of direct shear tests were carried out on sandy soil reinforced with rubber chips to within 2 cm and a length to width ratio 30.15% by volume and 50 different three chips, with two different density, an artificial neural network built to predict the strength parameters sandy soils reinforced with chips tires with a width of 3 and 4 cm with an aspect ratio of 1 to 14 with hundreds of lette...

Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering, 2020

Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. Thes... more Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. These restrictions are even more important in arid and semi-arid regions. The purpose of this study was to study the water balance in the Kalacho plain of Kohgiluyeh city. Kalacho plain is about 15 km east of Dehdasht city. In recent years, due to the excessive extraction of lowland wells, the quality of groundwater has also declined steadily. Therefore, hydrogeological assessment and aquifer management seems necessary. Groundwater management requires understanding and functioning of the aquifer under natural conditions (firstly) and then predicting the effects of harvesting or feeding. Undoubtedly, understanding the actual behaviors of a natural system requires some research for each particular area. The average annual temperature and precipitation in the meteorological stations is about 18.1 °C and 394 mm, respectively. The water crisis map of this plain has been prepared based on the data of 45 km 2 area during the 1991-1992 blue water year. Groundwater Balance Range of the Kalacho Plain is selected based on available statistics and distribution of piezometers, wells and agricultural areas. According to the long-term hydrograph, the plain faces an average loss of 0.15 m and a reservoir deficit of 2.5 million m 3. Also during the 20-year period, a total of 24 m of drop and 68 million cubic meters of reservoir deficits were created in the plain. By calculating the effective parameters in the general water balance equation (inputs and outputs), the plain was finally divided into five critical areas. Zones 1, 2 and 3 are the most critical lowland areas in the vicinity of the hydraulic connection with the Gachsaran Fm., and areas 4 and 5 are less critical because of the adjacent Asmari Formation, which feed on this karstic aquifer. Overall, this negative balance indicates an increasing drop in groundwater level and its reservoir deficit.

Today, the most applied way to access underground in Iran and the world is digging water wells. I... more Today, the most applied way to access underground in Iran and the world is digging water wells. In addition to exploit advantages, pumping wells have always have several problems such as degradation and instability of their structure, reducing the discharge, forming masses of sand clogging and loss of equipment. According to current statistics, 60% of deep wells drilled in the Kohgiluyeh have a shelf life less than 4 years. The high costs of drilling deep wells and geological sensitivity and degradation and successive failure of wells, deep wells need to study about effective life and affective Factors on wells destruction and preventive methods and appropriate utilization of wells would be inevitable. A sample of 18 wells in the area was used for chemical analysis and preparing and grading tests. Laboratory and field studies and available information, the main causes of destruction and instability of wells in the studied zone were detected as poor design of wells, thin layers of gr...

Advanced Medical Sciences: An International Journal, Feb 28, 2018

Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religi... more Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religious texts. Considering recent conditions of the world the water will replace most recent boundaries, at future. Imamzadeh Jaafar plain is located 5 kilometers northeast of Gachsaran, south of Kohgilooye and Boerahmad province. The plain has 61km 2 area extents and contains two, alluvial and carbonate aquifers. These aquifers supply the water needs, agricultural, industrial and domestic. Highly exploitation and transportation of groundwater resources, especially by National Oil Company, caused highly drawdown in alluvial aquifer, 1.85m in a 5 years period from 1361 to 1365 as reported by Mahab Ghods Consulting Engineers. There are two artificial recharge projects, 1 flood spreading system and 1 recharge ponds system, in the plain. To present the future water resources management program the hydrogeological behaviors of the alluvial aquifer and the effects of artificial recharge must be evaluated. edrock, hydrodynamic coefficients, topography, water resources and were collected, field surveys were performed and required maps were prepared. Using conceptual model and MODFLOW PMWIN code the mathematical model of the plain was calibrated against water year 1380-81 and then verified against water year 1384-85. The verified model was used to predict future conditions of aquifer. The results implied the rapid response of aquifer to precipitation due to high aquifer ransmissivity, positive water budget at year 1385 comparing year 65, change of direction of groundwater flow from plain outlet to the center of plain in response to highly exploitation at the center of plain, water level in the wells located downward the flood spreading system will raise as 1 to 6m and water level in t he wells located downward the recharge pond system will lower as 1 to 4m.

Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religi... more Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religious texts. Considering recent conditions of the world the water will replace most recent boundaries, at future. Imamzadeh Jaafar plain is located 5 kilometers northeast of Gachsaran, south of Kohgilooye and Boerahmad province. The plain has 61km 2 area extents and contains two, alluvial and carbonate aquifers. These aquifers supply the water needs, agricultural, industrial and domestic. Highly exploitation and transportation of groundwater resources, especially by National Oil Company, caused highly drawdown in alluvial aquifer, 1.85m in a 5 years period from 1361 to 1365 as reported by Mahab Ghods Consulting Engineers. There are two artificial recharge projects, 1 flood spreading system and 1 recharge ponds system, in the plain. To present the future water resources management program the hydrogeological behaviors of the alluvial aquifer and the effects of artificial recharge must be evaluated. edrock, hydrodynamic coefficients, topography, water resources and were collected, field surveys were performed and required maps were prepared. Using conceptual model and MODFLOW PMWIN code the mathematical model of the plain was calibrated against water year 1380-81 and then verified against water year 1384-85. The verified model was used to predict future conditions of aquifer. The results implied the rapid response of aquifer to precipitation due to high aquifer ransmissivity, positive water budget at year 1385 comparing year 65, change of direction of groundwater flow from plain outlet to the center of plain in response to highly exploitation at the center of plain, water level in the wells located downward the flood spreading system will raise as 1 to 6m and water level in t he wells located downward the recharge pond system will lower as 1 to 4m.

Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering, 2020

Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. Thes... more Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. These restrictions are even more important in arid and semi-arid regions. The purpose of this study was to study the water balance in the Kalacho plain of Kohgiluyeh city. Kalacho plain is about 15 km east of Dehdasht city. In recent years, due to the excessive extraction of lowland wells, the quality of groundwater has also declined steadily. Therefore, hydrogeological assessment and aquifer management seems necessary. Groundwater management requires understanding and functioning of the aquifer under natural conditions (firstly) and then predicting the effects of harvesting or feeding. Undoubtedly, understanding the actual behaviors of a natural system requires some research for each particular area. The average annual temperature and precipitation in the meteorological stations is about 18.1 °C and 394 mm, respectively. The water crisis map of this plain has been prepared based on the data of 45 km 2 area during the 1991-1992 blue water year. Groundwater Balance Range of the Kalacho Plain is selected based on available statistics and distribution of piezometers, wells and agricultural areas. According to the long-term hydrograph, the plain faces an average loss of 0.15 m and a reservoir deficit of 2.5 million m 3. Also during the 20-year period, a total of 24 m of drop and 68 million cubic meters of reservoir deficits were created in the plain. By calculating the effective parameters in the general water balance equation (inputs and outputs), the plain was finally divided into five critical areas. Zones 1, 2 and 3 are the most critical lowland areas in the vicinity of the hydraulic connection with the Gachsaran Fm., and areas 4 and 5 are less critical because of the adjacent Asmari Formation, which feed on this karstic aquifer. Overall, this negative balance indicates an increasing drop in groundwater level and its reservoir deficit.

Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 8 (2020) 90-100, 2020

Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. Thes... more Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. These restrictions are even more important in arid and semi-arid regions. The purpose of this study was to study the water balance in the Kalacho plain of Kohgiluyeh city. Kalacho plain is about 15 km east of Dehdasht city. In recent years, due to the excessive extraction of lowland wells, the quality of groundwater has also declined steadily. Therefore, hydrogeological assessment and aquifer management seems necessary. Groundwater management requires understanding and functioning of the aquifer under natural conditions (firstly) and then predicting the effects of harvesting or feeding. Undoubtedly, understanding the actual behaviors of a natural system requires some research for each particular area. The average annual temperature and precipitation in the meteorological stations is about 18.1 °C and 394 mm, respectively. The water crisis map of this plain has been prepared based on the data of 45 km 2 area during the 1991-1992 blue water year. Groundwater Balance Range of the Kalacho Plain is selected based on available statistics and distribution of piezometers, wells and agricultural areas. According to the long-term hydrograph, the plain faces an average loss of 0.15 m and a reservoir deficit of 2.5 million m 3. Also during the 20-year period, a total of 24 m of drop and 68 million cubic meters of reservoir deficits were created in the plain. By calculating the effective parameters in the general water balance equation (inputs and outputs), the plain was finally divided into five critical areas. Zones 1, 2 and 3 are the most critical lowland areas in the vicinity of the hydraulic connection with the Gachsaran Fm., and areas 4 and 5 are less critical because of the adjacent Asmari Formation, which feed on this karstic aquifer. Overall, this negative balance indicates an increasing drop in groundwater level and its reservoir deficit.

APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 16(5):5481-5502., 2018

Shafiei Motlagh et al.: Application of SWAT model in assessing the impact of land use change in r... more Shafiei Motlagh et al.: Application of SWAT model in assessing the impact of land use change in runoff of Maroon River in Iran-5481-APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 16(5):5481-5502. Abstract. Proper management of watersheds is one of the most important methods for using water and soil resources. In the last few decades, accurate and timely estimates of the quantitative and qualitative runoff status are one of the major concerns of large-scale management. The aims of this research are a simulation of monthly runoff, sensitivity analysis, optimization of sensitive parameters, investigation of the effect of land use change over the last four decades on the quantity and quality of the Maroon River (southwest of Iran) at the exit point of the Maroon Watershed (Idnak) in Iran using the SWAT model. For this purpose, the semi-distributed SWAT model and the SUFI2 program were used in the SWAT CUP software package for sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis. In this research, the map of land use change and soil mapping and vegetation cover in the Maroon watershed were first identified over the course of the four decades between 1970 and 2010, using TM and ETM satellite measurements in Landsat. Observations of the Idnak Hydrometer Station were used as the base station during 1970 to 2010 over a period of four decades. Comparison of the effects of land use management options on various components of the hydrological cycle as well as different runoff rates show that if the pessimistic scenario occurs, and with the continuation of the destructive trend in land use to the retreat, values of runoff will increase and there will be more permeability and the drainage will go down to deeper aquifers.

International Geoinformatics Research and Development Journal, 2014

Kohe Siah anticline is located at 20 km NE of Dehdasht city. The study area is very important for... more Kohe Siah anticline is located at 20 km NE of Dehdasht city. The study area is very important for water resources prospective in Kohgilooye & Boerahmad province. The karstic resources as a strategic resource has noticed the government's province. Structural elements such as, faults, joints, folds and bedding patterns play an important role in the karstification and development of karst water resource. In this research emphas is is given to investigating on whether structural elements and topographic factors, mapped using remote sensing and aerial photo interpretation. The geologic map has been correlated with hydrologic phenomena. The various types of thematic layers have been prepared and integrated in GIS environment and found a good correlation between the above mentioned factors and hydrologic phenomena. It is seen that tectonic elements have a positive influence on the groundwater occurrence and they act as transmission routs in the limestone bodies.

Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(11): 3483-3492, 2011 ISSN 1995-0756, 2011

The importance of groundwater for the existence of human society cannot be overemphasized. Ground... more The importance of groundwater for the existence of human society cannot be overemphasized. Groundwater has a decisive role to supply the water in drinking, agriculture and industry parts in many parts of the world and especially Iran. Balance in groundwater aquifers is a large impact on optimal and sustainable utilization of water resources that is not the case in Iran unfortunately. Addition, increasing population of earth, burgess development and change in agriculture and industrial pattern accuses groundwater contamination add to another difficult. So it is necessary to use a suitability tool to manager groundwater. In this paper, the aquifer vulnerability to contamination have studied on the basis of hydraulic and hydrogeology parameters of aquifer. For this aim, DRASTIC model is used to be Geographic Information System and remote sensing to analyze aquifer qualitative process. Finally, by classifying of drastic index of Iranshahr into four classes, no risk, low vulnerability, medium vulnerability and high vulnerability, the vulnerability map of Iranshahr aquifer was made. The vulnerability map of Iranshahr aquifer show that about %6 mentioned area located in no risk, %47 in low vulnerability and %52.4 in medium vulnerability. The low vulnerability area located in the north, south and east of plain that to prevention from contamination of groundwater in these areas we should perform more conservation on these areas.

Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 2014

State of Kohgeloyehva Boyer Ahmad is a mountain land. But mountains are reduced from North West t... more State of Kohgeloyehva Boyer Ahmad is a mountain land. But mountains are reduced from North West to south east. According to this, rain amount and temperature is also dependent on height and mentioned state has hybrid weather. Studied state is located on middle part of Zagros Height. Considered morphology, is lasogenrally mountaineer which has a trend from North West to south east and it has a vital role in wrinkle and reduction due to compressive tensions on shield.Therefore, Bangestan anticline is also considered as a part of this area according to its special and unique features. According to studies about such wrinkle which is gentle based on middle-mane and according to axial plane, this wrinkle is a symmetrical type. Also, according to joint studies, most of existent joint in this area is a hybrid type (Tensial-compressive), but there is also some type of mere tension or mere compressive type.

Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province With an area of about 13699 square kilometers located in the ... more Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province With an area of about 13699 square kilometers located in the South East of the iran country. Three-quarters of the province's area constituted of mountains and plains where only one-fourth of six (kalacho, Charam, Bordian Deddasht, Lishter, ImamZadeh Jafar ) that have significant role in agriculture and animal husbandry industry of super play this deprived province. Due to the topography of the surface waters of this province is very difficult and costly, and in some areas almost impossible. The underground water source (sedimentation tanks and reservoirs karst) is the only source of fresh water for the people of the region. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province as well as some of the provinces in recent decades have suffered from drought. Risk of water resources crisis caused a sharp reduction in precipitation and wrong methods of irrigation and overexploitation of underground water source future ahead of us draws disturbing. As far as problems such as drying decline in groundwater levels in some water wells in all the fields, reducing the flow of large rivers and small rivers drying, water quality degradation, increased pumping costs and sat on the ground along with others. In this paper Is considered, the effects of drought in six decades on Groundwater Resource Major Plains Kohkiloueh with drawing and analysis unit hydrograph and rainfall plains ten years (with an emphasis on Kalacho plain) and offered strategies for Confronting with it .

Please cite this article as: Ali Akbar Afshin , The Study of sharp decline in groundwater in Kohg... more Please cite this article as: Ali Akbar Afshin , The Study of sharp decline in groundwater in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer province with special attention to the Calacho plain-Dehdasht-iran , International Journal of Research Publication (Volume: 3, Issue: 1), http://ijrp.org/paper_detail/67

AMS by khosrow shafiei Motlagh

Advanced Medical Sciences: An International Journal (AMS), 2018

Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religi... more Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religious texts. Considering recent conditions of the world the water will replace most recent boundaries, at future. Imamzadeh Jaafar plain is located 5 kilometers northeast of Gachsaran, south of Kohgilooye and Boerahmad province. The plain has 61km 2 area extents and contains two, alluvial and carbonate aquifers. These aquifers supply the water needs, agricultural, industrial and domestic. Highly exploitation and transportation of groundwater resources, especially by National Oil Company, caused highly drawdown in alluvial aquifer, 1.85m in a 5 years period from 1361 to 1365 as reported by Mahab Ghods Consulting Engineers. There are two artificial recharge projects, 1 flood spreading system and 1 recharge ponds system, in the plain. To present the future water resources management program the hydrogeological behaviors of the alluvial aquifer and the effects of artificial recharge must be evaluated. edrock, hydrodynamic coefficients, topography, water resources and were collected, field surveys were performed and required maps were prepared. Using conceptual model and MODFLOW PMWIN code the mathematical model of the plain was calibrated against water year 1380-81 and then verified against water year 1384-85. The verified model was used to predict future conditions of aquifer. The results implied the rapid response of aquifer to precipitation due to high aquifer ransmissivity, positive water budget at year 1385 comparing year 65, change of direction of groundwater flow from plain outlet to the center of plain in response to highly exploitation at the center of plain, water level in the wells located downward the flood spreading system will raise as 1 to 6m and water level in t he wells located downward the recharge pond system will lower as 1 to 4m.

The Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil... more The Correct management watersheds is one of the most important methods is the optimal use of soil and water resources. Recent decades, correct and timely assessment of quantitative and qualitative runoff is considered one of the concerns of the country's macro management. This study tried to model, evaluate, and determine the efficiency of the SWAT model in simulating the monthly runoff, sensitivity analysis, optimization of critical parameters, to evaluate the effect land use during the past four decades on Quantity of Maroon River watershed at the departure station (Idanak) in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer. For this purpose, this study used semi-distributed SWAT model and SUFI2 program in the form of bundles SWAT CUP for sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis. In this research, the authors have identified changes in land use map available as well as soil and vegetation in the watershed Maroon map within four ten-year period from 1980 to 2010 by using TM and ETM sensor of Landsat satellite . Observations Data of hydrometric Idenak station as base station was used for the years 1970 to 2010 in fourteen-year period to observe changes in runoff during the calibration and validation. The results of sensitivity analysis conducted that the most sensitive parameters affecting the discharge of Maroon was based on monthly are CN2, CH-K2, ESCO, SMFMN, SMFMX, SOL-K, SLSUBBSN and ALPHA-BF. Curve number (CN II) was identified as the most sensitive parameters. The evaluation of the performance of model using statistical indicators showed the model has high capability in simulate the monthly runoff. Comparing the effect of land use management options on the different components of the hydrological cycle showed the different amounts of runoff. The pessimistic scenario has occurred in four decades, with continuing destruction to the regression state in land use is increased in various amounts of runoff and it is reduced permeability gullies to shallow and deep aquifer.

The expansion of societies and an increase in vehicles have led to realizing many waste tires ann... more The expansion of societies and an increase in vehicles have led to realizing many waste tires annually in almost all countries. These tires enter environment and cause serious problems. In some cases, soils should be improved for the use in geotechnical projects. These factors may come together, leading to finding appropriate applications of waste tires. Given the important role that the aspect ratio on shear strength of sand chips in this investigation and study author with the help of artificial neural network to predict the optimal aspect ratio pays rubber chips. In this study, using the results of direct shear tests were carried out on sandy soil reinforced with rubber chips to within 2 cm and a length to width ratio 30.15% by volume and 50 different three chips, with two different density, an artificial neural network built to predict the strength parameters sandy soils reinforced with chips tires with a width of 3 and 4 cm with an aspect ratio of 1 to 14 with hundreds of letters of 15 and 30 and 50 deals with the aspect ratio optimally offers. Forecast neural network demonstrates the length to width ratio rubber chips are effective shear strength parameters of the concrete sand, so that only a certain width to any length to width ratio can have a maximum of shear strength parameters.

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2018

Proper management of watersheds is one of the most important methods for using water and soil res... more Proper management of watersheds is one of the most important methods for using water and soil resources. In the last few decades, accurate and timely estimates of the quantitative and qualitative runoff status are one of the major concerns of large-scale management. The aims of this research are a simulation of monthly runoff, sensitivity analysis, optimization of sensitive parameters, investigation of the effect of land use change over the last four decades on the quantity and quality of the Maroon River (southwest of Iran) at the exit point of the Maroon Watershed (Idnak) in Iran using the SWAT model. For this purpose, the semi-distributed SWAT model and the SUFI2 program were used in the SWAT CUP software package for sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis. In this research, the map of land use change and soil mapping and vegetation cover in the Maroon watershed were first identified over the course of the four decades between 1970 and 2010, using TM and ETM satellite measurements in Landsat. Observations of the Idnak Hydrometer Station were used as the base station during 1970 to 2010 over a period of four decades. Comparison of the effects of land use management options on various components of the hydrological cycle as well as different runoff rates show that if the pessimistic scenario occurs, and with the continuation of the destructive trend in land use to the retreat, values of runoff will increase and there will be more permeability and the drainage will go down to deeper aquifers.

Background: There are many types of treatments and recommendations for restoring back deformities... more Background: There are many types of treatments and recommendations for restoring back deformities depending on doctors ’ knowledge and opinions. The purpose of the exercises is to reduce pain and to ensure stability of the lower trunk by toning the abdominal muscles, buttocks and hamstrings. Given the duration of flares and relapses rate, it is important to apply an efficient and lasting treatment. Objective: To evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of William’s training on flexibility of lumbosacral muscles and lumbar angle in females with Hyperlordosis. Methods: Fourty female students with lumbar lordosis more than normal degrees (Hyperlordotic) that randomly divided into exercise and control groups were selected as the study sample. The lumbar lordosis was measured using a flexible ruler, flexibility of hamstring muscles was measured with the active knee extension test, the hip flexor muscles was measured using Thomas test, the lumbar muscles flexibility measures by Schober test, abdom...

Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province With an area of about 13699 square kilometers located in the ... more Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province With an area of about 13699 square kilometers located in the South East of the iran country . Three-quarters of the province's area constituted of mountains and plains where only one-fourth of six (kalacho, Charam, Bordian Deddasht, Lishter, ImamZadeh Jafar ) that have significant role in agriculture and animal husbandry industry of super play this deprived province . Due to the topography of the surface waters of this province is very difficult and costly, and in some areas almost impossible . The underground water source (sedimentation tanks and reservoirs karst) is the only source of fresh water for the people of the region . Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province as well as some of the provinces in recent decades have suffered from drought . Risk of water resources crisis caused a sharp reduction in precipitation and wrong methods of irrigation and overexploitation of underground water source future ahead of us draws disturbing . As far as...

The expansion of societies and an increase in vehicles have led to realizing many waste tires ann... more The expansion of societies and an increase in vehicles have led to realizing many waste tires annually in almost all countries. These tires enter environment and cause serious problems. In some cases, soils should be improved for the use in geotechnical projects. These factors may come together, leading to finding appropriate applications of waste tires. Given the important role that the aspect ratio on shear strength of sand chips in this investigation and study author with the help of artificial neural network to predict the optimal aspect ratio pays rubber chips. In this study, using the results of direct shear tests were carried out on sandy soil reinforced with rubber chips to within 2 cm and a length to width ratio 30.15% by volume and 50 different three chips, with two different density, an artificial neural network built to predict the strength parameters sandy soils reinforced with chips tires with a width of 3 and 4 cm with an aspect ratio of 1 to 14 with hundreds of lette...

Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering, 2020

Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. Thes... more Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. These restrictions are even more important in arid and semi-arid regions. The purpose of this study was to study the water balance in the Kalacho plain of Kohgiluyeh city. Kalacho plain is about 15 km east of Dehdasht city. In recent years, due to the excessive extraction of lowland wells, the quality of groundwater has also declined steadily. Therefore, hydrogeological assessment and aquifer management seems necessary. Groundwater management requires understanding and functioning of the aquifer under natural conditions (firstly) and then predicting the effects of harvesting or feeding. Undoubtedly, understanding the actual behaviors of a natural system requires some research for each particular area. The average annual temperature and precipitation in the meteorological stations is about 18.1 °C and 394 mm, respectively. The water crisis map of this plain has been prepared based on the data of 45 km 2 area during the 1991-1992 blue water year. Groundwater Balance Range of the Kalacho Plain is selected based on available statistics and distribution of piezometers, wells and agricultural areas. According to the long-term hydrograph, the plain faces an average loss of 0.15 m and a reservoir deficit of 2.5 million m 3. Also during the 20-year period, a total of 24 m of drop and 68 million cubic meters of reservoir deficits were created in the plain. By calculating the effective parameters in the general water balance equation (inputs and outputs), the plain was finally divided into five critical areas. Zones 1, 2 and 3 are the most critical lowland areas in the vicinity of the hydraulic connection with the Gachsaran Fm., and areas 4 and 5 are less critical because of the adjacent Asmari Formation, which feed on this karstic aquifer. Overall, this negative balance indicates an increasing drop in groundwater level and its reservoir deficit.

Today, the most applied way to access underground in Iran and the world is digging water wells. I... more Today, the most applied way to access underground in Iran and the world is digging water wells. In addition to exploit advantages, pumping wells have always have several problems such as degradation and instability of their structure, reducing the discharge, forming masses of sand clogging and loss of equipment. According to current statistics, 60% of deep wells drilled in the Kohgiluyeh have a shelf life less than 4 years. The high costs of drilling deep wells and geological sensitivity and degradation and successive failure of wells, deep wells need to study about effective life and affective Factors on wells destruction and preventive methods and appropriate utilization of wells would be inevitable. A sample of 18 wells in the area was used for chemical analysis and preparing and grading tests. Laboratory and field studies and available information, the main causes of destruction and instability of wells in the studied zone were detected as poor design of wells, thin layers of gr...

Advanced Medical Sciences: An International Journal, Feb 28, 2018

Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religi... more Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religious texts. Considering recent conditions of the world the water will replace most recent boundaries, at future. Imamzadeh Jaafar plain is located 5 kilometers northeast of Gachsaran, south of Kohgilooye and Boerahmad province. The plain has 61km 2 area extents and contains two, alluvial and carbonate aquifers. These aquifers supply the water needs, agricultural, industrial and domestic. Highly exploitation and transportation of groundwater resources, especially by National Oil Company, caused highly drawdown in alluvial aquifer, 1.85m in a 5 years period from 1361 to 1365 as reported by Mahab Ghods Consulting Engineers. There are two artificial recharge projects, 1 flood spreading system and 1 recharge ponds system, in the plain. To present the future water resources management program the hydrogeological behaviors of the alluvial aquifer and the effects of artificial recharge must be evaluated. edrock, hydrodynamic coefficients, topography, water resources and were collected, field surveys were performed and required maps were prepared. Using conceptual model and MODFLOW PMWIN code the mathematical model of the plain was calibrated against water year 1380-81 and then verified against water year 1384-85. The verified model was used to predict future conditions of aquifer. The results implied the rapid response of aquifer to precipitation due to high aquifer ransmissivity, positive water budget at year 1385 comparing year 65, change of direction of groundwater flow from plain outlet to the center of plain in response to highly exploitation at the center of plain, water level in the wells located downward the flood spreading system will raise as 1 to 6m and water level in t he wells located downward the recharge pond system will lower as 1 to 4m.

Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religi... more Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religious texts. Considering recent conditions of the world the water will replace most recent boundaries, at future. Imamzadeh Jaafar plain is located 5 kilometers northeast of Gachsaran, south of Kohgilooye and Boerahmad province. The plain has 61km 2 area extents and contains two, alluvial and carbonate aquifers. These aquifers supply the water needs, agricultural, industrial and domestic. Highly exploitation and transportation of groundwater resources, especially by National Oil Company, caused highly drawdown in alluvial aquifer, 1.85m in a 5 years period from 1361 to 1365 as reported by Mahab Ghods Consulting Engineers. There are two artificial recharge projects, 1 flood spreading system and 1 recharge ponds system, in the plain. To present the future water resources management program the hydrogeological behaviors of the alluvial aquifer and the effects of artificial recharge must be evaluated. edrock, hydrodynamic coefficients, topography, water resources and were collected, field surveys were performed and required maps were prepared. Using conceptual model and MODFLOW PMWIN code the mathematical model of the plain was calibrated against water year 1380-81 and then verified against water year 1384-85. The verified model was used to predict future conditions of aquifer. The results implied the rapid response of aquifer to precipitation due to high aquifer ransmissivity, positive water budget at year 1385 comparing year 65, change of direction of groundwater flow from plain outlet to the center of plain in response to highly exploitation at the center of plain, water level in the wells located downward the flood spreading system will raise as 1 to 6m and water level in t he wells located downward the recharge pond system will lower as 1 to 4m.

Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering, 2020

Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. Thes... more Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. These restrictions are even more important in arid and semi-arid regions. The purpose of this study was to study the water balance in the Kalacho plain of Kohgiluyeh city. Kalacho plain is about 15 km east of Dehdasht city. In recent years, due to the excessive extraction of lowland wells, the quality of groundwater has also declined steadily. Therefore, hydrogeological assessment and aquifer management seems necessary. Groundwater management requires understanding and functioning of the aquifer under natural conditions (firstly) and then predicting the effects of harvesting or feeding. Undoubtedly, understanding the actual behaviors of a natural system requires some research for each particular area. The average annual temperature and precipitation in the meteorological stations is about 18.1 °C and 394 mm, respectively. The water crisis map of this plain has been prepared based on the data of 45 km 2 area during the 1991-1992 blue water year. Groundwater Balance Range of the Kalacho Plain is selected based on available statistics and distribution of piezometers, wells and agricultural areas. According to the long-term hydrograph, the plain faces an average loss of 0.15 m and a reservoir deficit of 2.5 million m 3. Also during the 20-year period, a total of 24 m of drop and 68 million cubic meters of reservoir deficits were created in the plain. By calculating the effective parameters in the general water balance equation (inputs and outputs), the plain was finally divided into five critical areas. Zones 1, 2 and 3 are the most critical lowland areas in the vicinity of the hydraulic connection with the Gachsaran Fm., and areas 4 and 5 are less critical because of the adjacent Asmari Formation, which feed on this karstic aquifer. Overall, this negative balance indicates an increasing drop in groundwater level and its reservoir deficit.

Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 8 (2020) 90-100, 2020

Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. Thes... more Considering the water restrictions, it is important to check the water balance in each area. These restrictions are even more important in arid and semi-arid regions. The purpose of this study was to study the water balance in the Kalacho plain of Kohgiluyeh city. Kalacho plain is about 15 km east of Dehdasht city. In recent years, due to the excessive extraction of lowland wells, the quality of groundwater has also declined steadily. Therefore, hydrogeological assessment and aquifer management seems necessary. Groundwater management requires understanding and functioning of the aquifer under natural conditions (firstly) and then predicting the effects of harvesting or feeding. Undoubtedly, understanding the actual behaviors of a natural system requires some research for each particular area. The average annual temperature and precipitation in the meteorological stations is about 18.1 °C and 394 mm, respectively. The water crisis map of this plain has been prepared based on the data of 45 km 2 area during the 1991-1992 blue water year. Groundwater Balance Range of the Kalacho Plain is selected based on available statistics and distribution of piezometers, wells and agricultural areas. According to the long-term hydrograph, the plain faces an average loss of 0.15 m and a reservoir deficit of 2.5 million m 3. Also during the 20-year period, a total of 24 m of drop and 68 million cubic meters of reservoir deficits were created in the plain. By calculating the effective parameters in the general water balance equation (inputs and outputs), the plain was finally divided into five critical areas. Zones 1, 2 and 3 are the most critical lowland areas in the vicinity of the hydraulic connection with the Gachsaran Fm., and areas 4 and 5 are less critical because of the adjacent Asmari Formation, which feed on this karstic aquifer. Overall, this negative balance indicates an increasing drop in groundwater level and its reservoir deficit.

APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 16(5):5481-5502., 2018

Shafiei Motlagh et al.: Application of SWAT model in assessing the impact of land use change in r... more Shafiei Motlagh et al.: Application of SWAT model in assessing the impact of land use change in runoff of Maroon River in Iran-5481-APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 16(5):5481-5502. Abstract. Proper management of watersheds is one of the most important methods for using water and soil resources. In the last few decades, accurate and timely estimates of the quantitative and qualitative runoff status are one of the major concerns of large-scale management. The aims of this research are a simulation of monthly runoff, sensitivity analysis, optimization of sensitive parameters, investigation of the effect of land use change over the last four decades on the quantity and quality of the Maroon River (southwest of Iran) at the exit point of the Maroon Watershed (Idnak) in Iran using the SWAT model. For this purpose, the semi-distributed SWAT model and the SUFI2 program were used in the SWAT CUP software package for sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis. In this research, the map of land use change and soil mapping and vegetation cover in the Maroon watershed were first identified over the course of the four decades between 1970 and 2010, using TM and ETM satellite measurements in Landsat. Observations of the Idnak Hydrometer Station were used as the base station during 1970 to 2010 over a period of four decades. Comparison of the effects of land use management options on various components of the hydrological cycle as well as different runoff rates show that if the pessimistic scenario occurs, and with the continuation of the destructive trend in land use to the retreat, values of runoff will increase and there will be more permeability and the drainage will go down to deeper aquifers.

International Geoinformatics Research and Development Journal, 2014

Kohe Siah anticline is located at 20 km NE of Dehdasht city. The study area is very important for... more Kohe Siah anticline is located at 20 km NE of Dehdasht city. The study area is very important for water resources prospective in Kohgilooye & Boerahmad province. The karstic resources as a strategic resource has noticed the government's province. Structural elements such as, faults, joints, folds and bedding patterns play an important role in the karstification and development of karst water resource. In this research emphas is is given to investigating on whether structural elements and topographic factors, mapped using remote sensing and aerial photo interpretation. The geologic map has been correlated with hydrologic phenomena. The various types of thematic layers have been prepared and integrated in GIS environment and found a good correlation between the above mentioned factors and hydrologic phenomena. It is seen that tectonic elements have a positive influence on the groundwater occurrence and they act as transmission routs in the limestone bodies.

Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(11): 3483-3492, 2011 ISSN 1995-0756, 2011

The importance of groundwater for the existence of human society cannot be overemphasized. Ground... more The importance of groundwater for the existence of human society cannot be overemphasized. Groundwater has a decisive role to supply the water in drinking, agriculture and industry parts in many parts of the world and especially Iran. Balance in groundwater aquifers is a large impact on optimal and sustainable utilization of water resources that is not the case in Iran unfortunately. Addition, increasing population of earth, burgess development and change in agriculture and industrial pattern accuses groundwater contamination add to another difficult. So it is necessary to use a suitability tool to manager groundwater. In this paper, the aquifer vulnerability to contamination have studied on the basis of hydraulic and hydrogeology parameters of aquifer. For this aim, DRASTIC model is used to be Geographic Information System and remote sensing to analyze aquifer qualitative process. Finally, by classifying of drastic index of Iranshahr into four classes, no risk, low vulnerability, medium vulnerability and high vulnerability, the vulnerability map of Iranshahr aquifer was made. The vulnerability map of Iranshahr aquifer show that about %6 mentioned area located in no risk, %47 in low vulnerability and %52.4 in medium vulnerability. The low vulnerability area located in the north, south and east of plain that to prevention from contamination of groundwater in these areas we should perform more conservation on these areas.

Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 2014

State of Kohgeloyehva Boyer Ahmad is a mountain land. But mountains are reduced from North West t... more State of Kohgeloyehva Boyer Ahmad is a mountain land. But mountains are reduced from North West to south east. According to this, rain amount and temperature is also dependent on height and mentioned state has hybrid weather. Studied state is located on middle part of Zagros Height. Considered morphology, is lasogenrally mountaineer which has a trend from North West to south east and it has a vital role in wrinkle and reduction due to compressive tensions on shield.Therefore, Bangestan anticline is also considered as a part of this area according to its special and unique features. According to studies about such wrinkle which is gentle based on middle-mane and according to axial plane, this wrinkle is a symmetrical type. Also, according to joint studies, most of existent joint in this area is a hybrid type (Tensial-compressive), but there is also some type of mere tension or mere compressive type.

Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province With an area of about 13699 square kilometers located in the ... more Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province With an area of about 13699 square kilometers located in the South East of the iran country. Three-quarters of the province's area constituted of mountains and plains where only one-fourth of six (kalacho, Charam, Bordian Deddasht, Lishter, ImamZadeh Jafar ) that have significant role in agriculture and animal husbandry industry of super play this deprived province. Due to the topography of the surface waters of this province is very difficult and costly, and in some areas almost impossible. The underground water source (sedimentation tanks and reservoirs karst) is the only source of fresh water for the people of the region. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province as well as some of the provinces in recent decades have suffered from drought. Risk of water resources crisis caused a sharp reduction in precipitation and wrong methods of irrigation and overexploitation of underground water source future ahead of us draws disturbing. As far as problems such as drying decline in groundwater levels in some water wells in all the fields, reducing the flow of large rivers and small rivers drying, water quality degradation, increased pumping costs and sat on the ground along with others. In this paper Is considered, the effects of drought in six decades on Groundwater Resource Major Plains Kohkiloueh with drawing and analysis unit hydrograph and rainfall plains ten years (with an emphasis on Kalacho plain) and offered strategies for Confronting with it .

Please cite this article as: Ali Akbar Afshin , The Study of sharp decline in groundwater in Kohg... more Please cite this article as: Ali Akbar Afshin , The Study of sharp decline in groundwater in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer province with special attention to the Calacho plain-Dehdasht-iran , International Journal of Research Publication (Volume: 3, Issue: 1), http://ijrp.org/paper_detail/67

Advanced Medical Sciences: An International Journal (AMS), 2018

Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religi... more Before feeling water-shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religious texts. Considering recent conditions of the world the water will replace most recent boundaries, at future. Imamzadeh Jaafar plain is located 5 kilometers northeast of Gachsaran, south of Kohgilooye and Boerahmad province. The plain has 61km 2 area extents and contains two, alluvial and carbonate aquifers. These aquifers supply the water needs, agricultural, industrial and domestic. Highly exploitation and transportation of groundwater resources, especially by National Oil Company, caused highly drawdown in alluvial aquifer, 1.85m in a 5 years period from 1361 to 1365 as reported by Mahab Ghods Consulting Engineers. There are two artificial recharge projects, 1 flood spreading system and 1 recharge ponds system, in the plain. To present the future water resources management program the hydrogeological behaviors of the alluvial aquifer and the effects of artificial recharge must be evaluated. edrock, hydrodynamic coefficients, topography, water resources and were collected, field surveys were performed and required maps were prepared. Using conceptual model and MODFLOW PMWIN code the mathematical model of the plain was calibrated against water year 1380-81 and then verified against water year 1384-85. The verified model was used to predict future conditions of aquifer. The results implied the rapid response of aquifer to precipitation due to high aquifer ransmissivity, positive water budget at year 1385 comparing year 65, change of direction of groundwater flow from plain outlet to the center of plain in response to highly exploitation at the center of plain, water level in the wells located downward the flood spreading system will raise as 1 to 6m and water level in t he wells located downward the recharge pond system will lower as 1 to 4m.