Dr. Davood Toghraie - ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY KHOMEINISHAHR BRANCH (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Davood Toghraie

Springer, 2021

In this work, a three-dimensional study of shell and helically corrugated coiled tube heat exchan... more In this work, a three-dimensional study of shell and helically corrugated coiled tube heat exchanger with considering exergy loss is investigated. Various design parameters and operating conditions such as corrugation depth (e), corrugation pitch (p) or the number of rounds, inlet fluid flow rate on the coil and shell sides are numerically investigated to examine the heat exchanger hydrothermal performance. Taguchi analysis is used to analyze the hydrothermal parameters by considering the interaction effects of them. The obtained results showed that increasing the inlet fluid flow rate on the coil side, corrugation depth and the number of rounds increases both heat transfer and pressure drop. It is also found that the most effective parameter on the thermal performance of the heat exchanger is the fluid flow rate on the coil side, followed by the corrugation depth and the most effective parameter on the hydrodynamic performance of the heat exchanger is fluid flow rate on the coil side, followed by corrugation pitch and corrugation depth. Based on the exergy analysis in the heat exchanger, using a helically corrugated coiled tube instead of the helically plain coiled tube in the heat exchanger for the cases of low Reynolds numbers has higher effectiveness.

Elsevier, 2021

In this research, the molecular dynamics simulation method is employed to simulate the boiling fl... more In this research, the molecular dynamics simulation method is employed to simulate the boiling flow of argon flow inside the microchannels with different surfaces of ideal and roughened with cone barriers, cubic barriers, and spherical barriers respectively. For all simulations, boundary walls of all microchannels are set at a temperature of 98 K to prepare the required thermal energy for boiling argon fluid flow within channels. Also, to enforce argon fluid to flow along the mentioned microchannels, a unique external driving force is prepared at the entry region of all microchannels. Afterward, the evolution of boiling flow is reported in four-time steps of 250,000, 500,000, 750,000, and 1,000,000, respectively. Then, velocity and temperature profiles of argon flow are reported after completion of the boiling process at 1000000-time steps. Investigations in the progress of boiling flow until 7,500,000-time steps show different behavior between rough microchannel with cubic barriers and behaviors of fluid flow within other channels in the distribution of argon particles in middle regions of channels. But, it is reported that with completion of the boiling process at 1000000-time steps, consequences of cubic geometry of barriers on the normal distribution of fluid atoms in a different region of the microchannel are removed. Also, it is reported that differences between maximums and minimums of flow temperatures are around 150 K for ideal channel and rough channels with cone and spherical barriers, while it is about 300 K for the rough channel with cubic barriers. Moreover, the temperature of argon flow in the center of the channel with cubic barriers can be reached even to 410 K which needs to be controlled by polishing the internal surfaces in some of the practical applications such as microprobes in medical cryosurgeries.

Elsevier, 2021

Recent studies have shown that the two-phase modeling of nanofluid in natural convection is more ... more Recent studies have shown that the two-phase modeling of nanofluid in natural convection is more compatible with the experimental results. This numerical study is applied to Buongiorno's model for solving the volume fraction of iron oxide nanoparticles inside a triangular chamber with a hot wavy wall using the finite volume method. Also, a uniform magnetic field is used to improve the heat transfer rate and entropy generation. The periodic temperature boundary condition is considered for the wavy side of the chamber while the other side is at the constant temperature. Hartmann number (Ha), Rayleigh number (Ra), undulation number (n), and inclination angle of magnetic field (ξ) variations are investigated. The results show that n has significant effects on heat transfer. Also, the Nusselt number is inversely related to the undulation number and is directly associated with the Rayleigh number. Moreover, the heat transfer rate is inversely related to the total entropy generation. Due to the magnetic field in high Ra, entropy generation first increases and then remains constant with increasing Ha.

elsevier, 2021

In a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer cell (PEMEC), the two electrode compartments are s... more In a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer cell (PEMEC), the two electrode compartments are separated by a polymer membrane. Liquid water is fed to the anode side, forming oxygen gas on the anode, and hydrogen gas on the cathode side, respectively. The respective designs of the flow field patterns are important to obtain a uniform distribution of flow, in combination with low-pressure drops, during operation. In this study, oxygen production in a manifold electrolyzer is investigated using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The flow is considered unsteady, three-dimensional, and two-phase. A mixture model is applied to simulate the water consumption and oxygen production. The anode side is analyzed and after the reaction, gas bubbles are produced inside the lower surface of the electrode. The simulation is performed for 5 s. The results show that from the moment of start to 2 s is an important time for the formation of pressure and velocity balance inside the manifolds. In 0.75 s, the oxygen reaches its highest concentration and, due to its physical nature, begins to move from low to high levels in the manifold. Increasing the rate of oxygen production and reducing the pressure drop in the system can be controlled by the number of different channels.

Elsevier, 2021

In the present numerical study, the mixed convection of Cu-water and CuO-water nanofluids is mode... more In the present numerical study, the mixed convection of Cu-water and CuO-water nanofluids is modeled inside an inclined square-shaped cavity by utilizing the thermal model of the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). A cold fluid flow enters into the cavity at the upper side of the left wall and, after being heated by the hot obstacle, exits from the lowest right side of the cavity The effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids are computed by the KKL (Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li) equation. The results are presented in the constant Rayleigh number of 104 and the Richardson numbers of 0.1,1 and 10. Obtained results reveal that by incrementing Ri because of the augmentation of inlet fluid velocity from the left side, the gradient of isothermal lines decreases, and temperature distribution becomes more uniform, leading to Nusselt number reduction on hot wall. Although the Nu avg enhances considerably in Ri of 0.1, in Ri = 1 and 10, there is no sensible change. In the angle of 0o, by augmenting Ri, Nu avg decreases, but in the angle of 60o, by increasing Ri from 0.1 to 1, Nu avg increments up to 22%. This augmentation is due to the change of angle of the collision of flow with the hot obstacle. Furthermore, when the hot obstacle is located in the flow path, heat transfer improves. Application of such studies shows its importance in the design of electronic components cooling systems, solar energy storage, heat exchangers, and lubrication systems.

Springer, 2021

This work presents the thermo-hydraulic performance of water-Al 2 O 3 nanofluid flow in an oval t... more This work presents the thermo-hydraulic performance of water-Al 2 O 3 nanofluid flow in an oval tube fitted with two parallel conical twisted strips in different alignments including staggered with four wings (S-4), staggered with five wings (S-5), non-staggered with 4 wings (NS-4), and non-staggered with five wings (NS-5). A detailed parametric study is carried out to evaluate the impact of different arrangements of conical strip insert, Reynolds number, and volume fraction of nanoparticles (φ) on the heat transfer and pressure drop of the oval tube. It is found out that the highest Nusselt number is obtained in the case of NS-5 at Re 250 and φ 3-86.9% higher than that of the plain tube. To investigate the effectiveness of conical twisted strips in terms of heat transfer enhancement, the intensity of the secondary flow generated by two parallel conical strips is represented by the vorticity isosurfaces. The NS-5 configuration generates stronger secondary flow at the vicinity of the heated wall. The increase in Nusselt number comes at the expense of a much higher friction factor relative to other configurations. Performance evaluation criterion (PEC) is calculated to identify a configuration with higher heat transfer performance at the lowest friction factor. The maximum PEC of 1.52 is obtained in the case of S-5 at Re 250 and φ 3%.

$Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of the mechanical properties of a bony scaffold for comminuted distal radial fractures: Addition of akermanite nanoparticles and using a freeze-drying technique$

Elsevier, 2021

One of the methods of repairing the damaged bone is the fabrication of porous scaffold using syne... more One of the methods of repairing the damaged bone is the fabrication of porous scaffold using synergic methods like three-dimensional (3D) printing and freeze-drying technology. These techniques improve the damaged and fracture parts rapidly for better healing bone lesions using bioactive ceramic and polymer. This research, due to the need to increase the mechanical strength of 3D bone scaffolds for better mechanical performance. Akermanite bioceramic as a bioactive and calcium silicate bioceramic has been used besides the polymeric component. In this study, the porous scaffolds were designed using solid work with an appropriate porosity with a Gyroid shape. The prepared Gyroid scaffold was printed using a 3D printing machine with Electroconductive Polylactic Acid (EC-PLA) and then coated with a polymeric solution containing various amounts of akermanite bioceramic as reinforcement. The mechanical and biological properties were investigated according to the standard test. The mechanical properties of the porous-coated scaffold showed stress tolerance up to 30 MPa. The maximum strain obtained was 0.0008, the maximum stress was 32 MPa and the maximum displacement was 0.006 mm. Another problem of bone implants is the impossibility of controlling bone cancer and tumor size. To solve this problem, an electroconductive filament containing Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) is used to release heat and control cancer cells. The mechanical feature of the porous scaffold containing 10 wt% akermanite was obtained as the highest stress tolerance of about 32 MPa with 46% porosity. Regarding the components and prepare the bony scaffold, the MNPs release heat when insert into the magnetic field and control the tumor size which helps the treatment of cancer. In general, it can be concluded that the produced porous scaffold using 3D printing and freeze-drying technology can be used to replace broken bones with the 3D printed EC-PLA coated with 10 wt% akermanite bioceramic with sufficient mechanical and biological behavior for the orthopedic application.

Elsevier, 2021

In this work, molecular dynamics simulation of boiling flow of argon fluid is presented inside mi... more In this work, molecular dynamics simulation of boiling flow of argon fluid is presented inside microchannels
with ideal and roughened surfaces. In the first step, fluid flow is simulated inside ideal microchannels.
Then, roughness elements with cone, cubic, and spherical shapes are simulated on the surfaces
ofideal microchannels. Boundary conditions are unique to get comparable results in density, velocity,
and temperature profiles. Results of density profiles are reported at four-time steps of 250000, 500000,
750000, and 1000000, respectively. Next, velocity and temperature profiles are presented at 1000000-
time steps. It was reported that density distribution in the 300 layers in the center of a microchannel with
cubic barriers commences at initial time steps while other microchannels begin in higher time steps. But,
with the progress of boiling flow, central layers of a rough microchannel with cubic barriers have lower
density values than those of other microchannels. On the other side, quantitative results indicate that
density differences in the central regions of microchannels are compensated with increasing time steps.
Therefore, it is concluded that the shape of barriers is important and reasonable to bother normal distribution
of atoms within different regions of microchannels.

ScienceDirect, 2021

This paper aims to determine the thermal conductivity (k nf) of oxide of tungsten (WO 3)-MWCNTs/h... more This paper aims to determine the thermal conductivity (k nf) of oxide of tungsten (WO 3)-MWCNTs/hybrid engine oil, through an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Nanofluid were prepared by the suspension of nanoparticles in engine oil. The experiments were conducted at a volume fraction of nanoparticles ϕ = 0.05 to ϕ = 0.6%, as well as a temperature range of T = 20 • C-60 • C. The ANN was then used to estimate the k nf , and the optimum neuron number was 7. Results showed that the absolute error values of the ANN method in many points are zero. Also, the ANN had smaller error values compared to the correlation method. ANN showed acceptable performance and correlation coefficient. Also, a correlation method was used to predict k nf .

ScienceDirect, 2021

In this study, the numerical study of fluid flow and heat transfer in peripheral air vaporizers u... more In this study, the numerical study of fluid flow and heat transfer in peripheral air vaporizers used in cryogenic tanks are studied. The vaporizers under consideration include two simple and non-simple peripheral air vaporizers. The fluid enters the vaporizer (in the liquid phase) which is connected to a cryogenic reservoir and, after heat exchanging, is converted to the gas phase, and exits the vaporizer. Inside the two vaporizers, porous foam is used to fill the entire cross-section of the channel. The k-ε realizable model is used for simulation. The Reynolds numbers and the surface temperature vary in the ranges of 2400≤Re≤3000 and 280 K≤T s ≤310 K, respectively. The results show that in all cases, the use of non-simple vaporizer versus simple vaporizer has more satisfactory results in increasing heat transfer. Also, the performance of vaporizers at low surface temperatures leads to a further increase in heat transfer. The presence of porous foam can be considered as an auxiliary factor in increasing heat transfer. In maximum and minimum Reynolds numbers, the percentage increase in convective heat transfer coefficient for surface temperature changes from 300 to 310 K is equal to 15 % and 17 % for the simple vaporizer and 30% and 20% for the non-simple vaporizer, respectively.

Elsevier, 2021

The objective of this numerical work is to evaluate the first law and second law performances of ... more The objective of this numerical work is to evaluate the first law and second law performances of a hybrid nanofluid flowing through a liquid-cooled microchannel heatsink. The water-based hybrid nanofluid includes the Fe 3 O 4 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoparticles. The heatsink includes a microchannel configuration for the flow field to gain heat from a processor placed on the bottom of the heatsink. The effects of Fe 3 O 4 concentration (u Fe 3 O 4), CNT concentration (u CNT) and Reynolds number (Re) on the convective heat transfer coefficient, CPU surface temperature, thermal resistance, pumping power, as well as the rate of entropy generation due to the heat transfer and fluid friction is examined. The results indicated higher values of convective heat transfer coefficient, pumping power, and frictional entropy generation rate for higher values of Re, u Fe 3 O 4 and u CNT. By increasing Re, u Fe 3 O 4 and u CNT , the CPU surface temperature and the thermal resistance decrease, and the temperature distribution at the CPU surface became more uniform. To achieve the maximum performance of the studied heatsink, applying the hybrid nanofluid with low u Fe 3 O 4 and u CNT was suggested, while the minimum entropy generation was achieved with the application of nanofluid with high u Fe 3 O 4 and u CNT .

Springer, 2021

In the present study, a power plant design was first carried out using thermo flow software. Ener... more In the present study, a power plant design was first carried out using thermo flow software. Energy, exergy, economic, environmental,
and economic (4E) analyses were carried out to supply 50 MW solar power. Using solar energy throughout the
year, the amount of reducing atmospheric pollutants, reducing the consumption of fossil fuels, reducing the cost of electricity
production, the amount of energy produced and exergy, the amount of exergy destruction, the rate of application and
efficiency of the power plant have been obtained. Finally, the proposed cycle is optimized multi-objectively, using genetic
algorithm in MATLAB. The results show that the use of solar power plants significantly reduces atmospheric pollutants
by 1,559,990.6 tons per year, reducing fossil fuel consumption by 47,143.9 tons per year, and significantly reducing energy
consumption despite the low cost of energy carriers in Iran. Also, according to the results, the central regions of Iran are much
more suitable for the construction of the power plant, which can generate annual sales of 37,356,480$ per year. The use of
solar energy increases the relative cost of the project to significantly reduce the amount of fuel consumed, which ultimately
includes a faster return on investment. Finally, it can be argued that the use of the solar thermal power plant is justified from
energy, exergy, economic, and environmental. It should be noted that the increase of isen,ST will require an increase in initial
investment to use higher technologies in the turbine, so increasing the level of equipment technology to increase efficiency
to 88% is reasonable and will not be more than that.

ScienceDirect, 2021

This study investigates the effects of using the rotating twisted tapes on fluid flow, heat trans... more This study investigates the effects of using the rotating twisted tapes on fluid flow, heat transfer, and thermal
performance of a duct flow. The section of the channel is oval and with two rotating twisted tapes. The twisted
tapes are analyzed in fixed and rotating cases with three different rotational speeds. The flow regime is laminar
with Re = 50 to 1000 and heat flux of 5000 Wm􀀀 2 was applied to the outer surface of the wall. The height of
twisted tapes is equivalent to 90% of the channel height which creates the secondary flow. The simulation results
suggest that increasing the Re number increases both the Nu number and the pumping power, and increasing the
Re number increases the Nu number in all cases. At each Re number, the lowest and the highest increments
resulted by using the tapes are for cases of stationary and rotating tapes with maximum speed, respectively.
Using the twisted tapes increases the average Nu number by 24 to 179% and pumping power requirement by 50
to 250% for the same Re numbers. The value of FOM is less than 1 in the case of using fixed tapes while it is above
1 for the rotating tape. The highest value of FOM is 1.55 which is for the highest rotating speed at the lowest inlet
velocity.

Science direct, 2021

The liquid desiccant air conditioning system is amongst the promising technologies for the provis... more The liquid desiccant air conditioning system is amongst the promising technologies for the provision
of efficient air conditioning, particularly in hot humid climate conditions. By their benefits, membranebased
dehumidification systems have drawn large attention. Various techniques are used to enhance
the performance of different dehumidification system types. The effect of using calcium chloride
nanofluid solution with the added silicate nanoparticles as a desiccant solution in a hollow fiber
membrane contactor system investigated experimentally. The airflow rate through the fibers is 11.2
m3/h with inlet relative humidity and temperature of 60 % and 35 ◦C, respectively. The sensitivity
analysis was made to reveal the effect of desiccant temperatures, nanoparticle concentrations, and
solution flow rates on sensible, latent, and total effectiveness and 2nd law efficiency of the system.
The results indicate that using nanofluid instead of a pure desiccant solution, the values of sensible
and latent effectiveness improved at the condition of high inlet solution temperature. The effect
of employing nanofluid on exergy performance is the highest for the highest concentration of
nanoparticles and inlet solution temperature. The maximum change of exergy destruction rate resulted
by using nanofluid solution took place at a maximum flow rate of 244 ml/min for 1% nanofluid
concentration. Using 1 % nanofluid instead of a pure solution, the rate of exergy destruction increased
by 82 % and 160 % for 20 ◦C and 26 ◦C solution temperatures, respectively.

ScienceDirect, 2021

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN)was applied tomodel the thermal conductivity (knf) inwater/ethy... more An Artificial Neural Network (ANN)was applied tomodel the thermal conductivity (knf) inwater/ethylene glycol
(80:20) based hybrid nanofluid containing MWCNTs-titania-Zinc oxide. The nanofluids were synthesized by a
two-step method. The ternary hybrid nanofluids had a volume fraction of nanoparticles φ = 0.1% to 0.4%, as
well as mono and binary hybrid nanofluids. The experiments were performed at temperatures T = 25 °C–50
°C. Then an ANN has been used to predict the knf. According to the results, the optimum neuron number was
26. The designed network has acceptable performance and the maximum absolute error was less than 0.018 in
102 data points.

ScienceDirect, 2021

In this work, the molecular dynamics method is implemented to study the temperature and edge effe... more In this work, the molecular dynamics method is implemented to study the temperature and edge effects on the
atomic crack’s growth in graphene nanosheet. Graphene nanosheets with armchair and zig-zag edges are
simulated to this mechanical procedure. In our calculations, the atomic interactions of simulated carbon atoms
are based on Tersoff potential. Simulation results show that nanosheets’ edge is an important parameter in crack
growth. Physically, graphene with armchair edge shows more resistance against atomic cracking in atomic
simulations. In this structure, the final length of crack is 23.60 Å which is smaller than the zig-zag one at 300 K.
Furthermore, the effects of temperature on the atomic crack of graphene nanosheets are studied. Our results
show that by increasing the temperature from 300 K to 350 K, the atomic movements of carbon atoms increase;
so, we concluded that the atomic stability of graphene nanosheets decreases by temperature increasing.
Numerically, by 50 K temperature increasing in armchair/zig-zag graphene nanosheet, the crack length in this
structure reaches to 28.32 Å/30.34 Å from 23.60 Å/28.91 Å value

Springer, 2021

Abstract Computational hemodynamic (CHD) is an engineering tool and a good approach that helped m... more Abstract Computational hemodynamic (CHD) is an engineering tool and a good approach that helped many physicians to obtain much information about the situation of the patient in a lot of diseases like cardiovascular disease, even surgery, etc. The dispersion of blood cells in the plasma is heterogeneous. Therefore, the blood fluid is a multi-phase mixture of non-Newtonian fluid. Numerical calculation of non-Newtonian viscosity models of blood flow parameter includes Reynolds number; different wall heat fluxes in three situations of the body (sleeping, standing and running), etc. are investigated. To construct a 3D model of the kidney blood vessel, an open-source software program using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)
and Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) is used. Additionally, the vessel wall is considered solid. The finite
volume approach and SIMPLE scheme are used. The non-Newtonian blood flow is considered as a laminar
flow. All of these heat fluxes generated by the body in different situations have their impact on the reported parameters in this paper. The reported parameters included dimensionless numbers like pressure drop, average
wall shear stress, heat transfer coefficient, and temperature. The power-law non-Newtonian viscosity model makes the velocity gradient more than other non-Newtonian viscosity models. Also, the power-law model
represents a higher heat transfer.

www.sciencedirect.com, 2021

Computational hemodynamics (CHD) is a promising engineering technique that has allowed doctors to... more Computational hemodynamics (CHD) is a promising engineering technique that has allowed doctors to learn a lot about patients' conditions in various diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and even surgery. In industrialized countries, hypertension is becoming a widespread public health issue, resulting in death in extreme cases. A successful method for investigating hypertension in both diastolic and systolic conditions is to use the finite volume method (FVM) to incorporate velocity and pressure. Due to the use of Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), the 3D geometry has an acceptable accuracy, and the geometry has been created based thereon. The flow of blood is regarded as steady, lamina, incompressible, and non-Newtonian. Herein, all the age groups have their unique effect on the parameters reported, including Nusselt number and dimensionless numbers, e.g., average wall shear stress (AWSS), temperature, and pressure drop. In such a numerical simulation, all the results revealed that the parameters improved by increasing diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Nevertheless, the patient is recommended to see a doctor urgently in case of a hypertensive situation.

ScienceDirect, 2021

In this investigation, the entropy generation, heat transfer, and Fe 3 O 4-water ferro-nanofluid ... more In this investigation, the entropy generation, heat transfer, and Fe 3 O 4-water ferro-nanofluid flow within a porous ribbed microchannel heat sink in the presence of a constant magnetic field are investigated, and their impacts are analyzed for single-phase and two-phase approaches. The values of dimensionless numbers, namely Hartmann and the Reynolds numbers are in the range of 0 ≤ Ha ≤ 10 and 10 ≤ Re ≤ 80. Additionally, the porosity percentage and volume fraction of nanoparticles are in the range of 0 ≤ ε ≤ 75 % and 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 2 %, respectively. The influences of dimensionless numbers and porosity percentage in three cases of the microchannel (Cases A.1, A.2, and A.3) are investigated. This study provides a comparison between assumed parameters. It is demonstrated that in all cases, variables such as porosity percentage, Reynolds and Hartmann numbers are directly related to the enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient. Also, in the single-phase model, the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient has a lower amount compared to the two-phase model, and the only exception is for ϕ = 0%.

www.sciencedirect.com, 2021

In recent decades, polymer composites are widely used in industry due to their good mechanical pr... more In recent decades, polymer composites are widely used in industry due to their good mechanical
properties and their low specific weight. Also, the use of glass fibers and carbon
nanotubes can strengthen and improve the mechanical performance of the polymer due to
their good mechanical properties. In this study, incorporated glass/epoxy nanocomposite
with carbon nanotubes (CNT) samples were fabricated using a hand lay-up process, and the
effect of addition functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (F-SWCNT) with COOH
and non-functionalized SWCNT was investigated. The tensile strength, elastic modulus,
bending strength was obtained experimentally using SANTAM-STM50. X-Ray Diffraction
(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the phase and
morphology of the fibers. The mechanical properties results showed that the highest elastic
modulus and tensile strength are obtained for the sample reinforced with F-SWCNT which
increased by 32% and 10%, respectively in comparison with pure epoxy. Also, the obtained
results of the bending test indicate that the highest flexural modulus and the highest flexural
strength are related to the sample reinforced with functionalized carbon nanotubes which
are 16.9 GPa and 381.39 MPa, respectively. Then, the mechanical performance of the reinforcement
in the epoxy matrix and the failure mechanismwas monitored using SEM images.
Finally, reinforced epoxy nanocomposites with functionalized and non-functionalized
SWCNT were simulated using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation to examine the agreement
with the trends of experimental results. TheMDobtained results showed that the most
appropriate mode of dispersion occurs when functionalized carbon nanotubes are used.
Also, it was observed that the elastic modulus of incorporated nanocomposites with F-

Springer, 2021

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