hind ftouhi | Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II (original) (raw)
Papers by hind ftouhi
The international journal of the commons, 2024
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 6, 2023
Groundwater is essential for early-season agriculture in many arid regions. In such regions, howe... more Groundwater is essential for early-season agriculture in many arid regions. In such regions, however, groundwater recharge is generally low, leading to groundwater degradation. State responses are seldom effective in addressing this issue, which leads to fatalist narratives of the unsustainability of profitable agricultural growth and the collapse of aquifers. We argue that such narratives make it difficult to recognise more promising instances in which communities find solutions to groundwater degradation. We call for a fine-grained analysis of the social practices around the use of groundwater, which, we argue, represent a process of commoning. We do so while recognising that the collective action of communities is embedded in an intricate set of relations with other stakeholders including the state, and that the positive environmental and transformative social change that is often associated with commoning cannot be taken for granted at the outset. Building on the case of the arid Drâa Valley in Morocco where watermelon production has expanded rapidly, we illustrate how the process of commoning evolves through different social practices, including: 1) the use of new farming practices that reveal the potential of the aquifer; 2) the representation of the aquifer as severely degraded and the development of a narrative around it being a collective good to be protected against outsiders; 3) the defining and negotiating of rules to control groundwater access and use; and 4) the engagement in negotiations and the resolving of conflicts. Our analysis shows that commoning, as performed by young local farmers, is about extending the lifespan of the aquifer for agricultural production rather than preserving it indefinitely; however, an examination of commoning practices also reveals the capacity of the community to change the course of the future.
Arab Reform Initiative, Oct 21, 2021
Arab Reform Initiative, Oct 21, 2021
Arab Reform Initiative, Oct 21, 2021
Au Maroc, les jeunes ruraux sont reconnus comme un atout important pour que les zones rurales pui... more Au Maroc, les jeunes ruraux sont reconnus comme un atout important pour que les zones rurales puissent repondre aux defis du developpement agricole comme rural. L'appui disponible dans le cadre des dispositifs de developpement (principalement l'Initiative Nationale de Developpement Humain et le Plan Maroc Vert) prennent essentiellement la forme de financements de projets collectifs. L'etude analyse dans quelle mesure les jeunes ruraux sont impliques dans des projets collectifs finances par de tels dispositifs de developpement. L'enquete a ete menee aupres de douze associations et cooperatives dans la province d'El Hajeb et la prefecture de Meknes, dont les membres sont en partie ou en totalite des jeunes ruraux. Aux difficultes generalement rencontrees lors de la conception des projets (acces a l'information, par exemple), s'ajoutent des difficultes specifiquement vecues par les jeunes, telles que l'absence d'organisations les representant specifi...
In this paper we present a situated analysis of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ... more In this paper we present a situated analysis of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life of small-scale farmers and agricultural laborers in India, Algeria, and Morocco. We draw on data collected through phone interviews since April 2020. Inspired by feminist scholars, we analyze our findings thinking with—and entangling—the concepts of intersectionality, resilience and care. We firstly document the material impacts of the lockdown measures, focusing particularly on the experiences of single women farmers and laborers, whose livelihood and well-being have been notably compromised. Secondly, we unfold how different agricultural actors have come up with inventive ways to respond to the unexpected situation which they are facing. In doing so, we highlight the importance of considering the multiple and entangled socionatural challenges, uncertainties, and marginalizations that different agricultural actors experience, as well as the transformative potential of their inventi...
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2021
Cahiers Agricultures, 2015
Partir et revenir au village Mobilité non permanente des jeunes ruraux dans la région du Saïss (M... more Partir et revenir au village Mobilité non permanente des jeunes ruraux dans la région du Saïss (Maroc) Résumé Cet article analyse le rôle de la mobilité géographique non permanente des jeunes ruraux dans le développement du territoire rural à partir de données d'enquêtes auprès de 80 jeunes (hommes et femmes) de la localité d'Ait Ali au Saïss au Maroc. Cette mobilité désigne tous les déplacements effectués par les jeunes, pendant des périodes relativement courtes, pour faire des études et travailler avec des retours fréquents à la localité. Les résultats mettent en évidence que les jeunes sont dotés d'une mobilité précoce liée à la poursuite de leurs études et à des formations professionnelles. La mobilité se poursuit avec la recherche de travail et dépend du profil professionnel des jeunes qui l'accomplissent. Ces mobilités permettent, surtout aux hommes, d'acquérir de l'expérience professionnelle et personnelle. De retour au village, ces jeunes assurent un transfert de savoirs, de compétences et de capital financier vers l'exploitation agricole et donnent lieu à des initiatives individuelles sous forme de projets agricoles. Cependant, la mobilité des jeunes femmes est réduite par rapport à celle des jeunes hommes et elle est souvent mal perçue. En trouvant peu de reconnaissance sociale dans les activités agricoles, les jeunes femmes cherchent d'autres activités économiques pour s'épanouir et se valoriser. Ainsi, leur mobilité ne contribue pas de la même façon que celle des jeunes hommes au développement territorial.
Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos, 2020
Bearing in mind that elections are an auspicious time to raise local political issues, this artic... more Bearing in mind that elections are an auspicious time to raise local political issues, this article analyses the strategies of young men and women leaders inthe province of El Hajeb in Morocco and how they negotiate their leadership roles at the local level. The article is based on observations and semi-structured interviews conducted with young leaders and resource holdersduring the legislative elections of October 2016. While some young people manage to accessmunicipal councils, the present authorsfind evidence to suggest that they cannot become parliamentarians because of being hampered by a lack of social networksthat would broaden their constituency, as well asa lack of material resources to run their election campaigns. For young women, access to parliament is even more difficult, particularly if they fail to obtain a seat through the women’s quota system. Conscious of their limited resources, some young people consider the electoral period as a resource in itself for assertin...
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2021
If the success of agricultural intensification continues to rely on the depletion of aquifers and... more If the success of agricultural intensification continues to rely on the depletion of aquifers and exploitation of (female) labour, transformations to groundwater sustainability will be impossible to achieve. Hence, the development of new groundwater imaginaries, based on alternative ways of organizing society-water relations is highly important. This paper argues that a comparative documentation of grass-roots initiatives to care for, share or recharge aquifers in places with acute resource pressures provides an important source of inspiration. Using a grounded anti-colonial and feminist approach, we combine an ethnographic documentation of groundwater practices with hydrogeological and engineering insights to enunciate, normatively assess and jointly learn from the knowledges, technologies and institutions that characterize such initiatives. Doing this usefully shifts the focus of planned efforts to regulate and govern groundwater away from government efforts to control individual ...
À partir de la mi-mars 2020, les gouvernements algérien et marocain ont instauré un confinement p... more À partir de la mi-mars 2020, les gouvernements algérien et marocain ont instauré un confinement pour lutter contre la propagation de la pandémie de Covid-19. Cela s’est traduit par la fermeture des marchés locaux et des restrictions de mobilité. Le traitement médiatique et scientifique de l’impact de la pandémie a porté principalement sur les zones urbaines, laissant de côté les expériences des ruraux alors même que les mesures restrictives sont arrivées en pleine campagne agricole. Cet article vise à combler partiellement cette lacune en analysant comment les petits agriculteurs, femmes et hommes des oasis et des extensions oasiennes, les jeunes producteurs et les ouvriers de deux régions oasiennes du Maghreb, ont vécu ces nouveaux défis. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur 150 entretiens téléphoniques menés avec des acteurs ruraux dans les vallées du Drâa (Maroc) et du M’zab (Algérie). En mettant leurs expériences au cœur de notre analyse, nous montrons comment la crise sanitair...
Cahiers Agricultures
While vaccination campaigns against COVID-19 were launched worldwide, a drama has been unfolding ... more While vaccination campaigns against COVID-19 were launched worldwide, a drama has been unfolding in the Moroccan countryside. It has been marked, over the last couple of decades, by rapid agrarian transformation, manifestations of which have included expanding irrigation frontiers and the increasing growth of high-value crops. These dynamics rely strongly on female agricultural wageworkers. Although they earn low wages, their income is crucial and is used to care for loved ones by paying for school fees, rent, electricity, and medicines. These workers, therefore, cannot afford to quit their jobs. However, most female wageworkers in Morocco are employed without a contract or social security cover. While working in an informal environment and living already in a precarious situation, little is known about how the pandemic has affected them. In this article, we seek to supply some of this information by drawing on the authors’ commitment over almost a decade of covering female wage-wor...
COVID-19 in Rural India, Algeria, and Morocco: A Feminist Analysis of Small-Scale Farmers’ and Agricultural Laborers’ Experiences and Inventive Practices, 2021
In this paper we present a situated analysis of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ... more In this paper we present a situated analysis of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life of small-scale farmers and agricultural laborers in India, Algeria, and Morocco. We draw on data collected through phone interviews since April 2020. Inspired by feminist scholars, we analyze our findings thinking with-and entangling-the concepts of intersectionality, resilience and care. We firstly document the material impacts of the lockdown measures, focusing particularly on the experiences of single women farmers and laborers, whose livelihood and well-being have been notably compromised. Secondly, we unfold how different agricultural actors have come up with inventive ways to respond to the unexpected situation which they are facing. In doing so, we highlight the importance of considering the multiple and entangled socionatural challenges, uncertainties, and marginalizations that different agricultural actors experience, as well as the transformative potential of their inventive practices, which are often motivated and informed by notions of care.
The Civil Society, the Commune, the Parliament: strategies for political promotion of young rural leaders in the province of El Hajeb, Morocco, 2020
Bearing in mind that elections are an auspicious time to raise local political issues, this artic... more Bearing in mind that elections are an auspicious time to raise local political issues, this article analyses the strategies of young men and women leaders inthe province of El Hajeb in Morocco and how they negotiate their leadership roles at the local level. The article is based on observations and semi-structured interviews conducted with young leaders and resource holdersduring the legislative elections of October 2016. While some young people manage to accessmunicipal councils, the present authorsfind evidence to suggest that they cannot become parliamentarians because of being hampered by a lack of social networksthat would broaden their constituency, as well asa lack of material resources to run their election campaigns. For young women, access to parliament is even more difficult, particularly if they fail to obtain a seat through the women’s quota system. Conscious of their limited resources, some young people consider the electoral period as a resource in itself for asserting themselves at the local level and negotiating their political rise. In parallel, they develop electoral strategies to position themselves as local leaders without necessarily running as candidates in legislative elections by choosing to: a) go through several local and regional elective structures; b) strengthen their position within any political party; c) get involved for many years in associational work while attempting to move upwards from the territory of their village to the commune, and then to the province; and d) draw on family notability. The authors’ aim is to show that young leaders are not instrumentalised by potential elected representatives but thatthey carefully negotiate the support they provide to such representatives in order to consolidate their local leadership.
Les dynamiques des jeunes ruraux au sein de leurs territoires sont de plus en plus tangibles.
« La jeunesse est-elle l’avenir du territoire » ? L’article ci-dessous décrit et analyse la maniè... more « La jeunesse est-elle l’avenir du territoire » ? L’article ci-dessous
décrit et analyse la manière dont les jeunes ruraux s’impliquent dans le
développement de leur territoire. À travers un profil et un itinéraire, nous
découvrons l’émergence d’un prototype du jeune rural pragmatique qui
progresse à petits pas, et tire des leçons de ses échecs, en allant toujours de l’avant.
Au Maroc, les jeunes ruraux sont reconnus comme un atout important pour que les zones rurales pui... more Au Maroc, les jeunes ruraux sont reconnus comme un atout important pour que les zones rurales puissent répondre aux défis du développement agricole comme rural. L’appui disponible dans le cadre des dispositifs de développement (principalement l’Initiative Nationale de Développement Humain et le Plan Maroc Vert) prennent essentiellement la forme de financements de projets collectifs. L’étude analyse dans quelle mesure les jeunes ruraux sont impliqués dans des projets collectifs financés par de tels dispositifs de développement. L’enquête a été menée auprès de douze associations et coopératives dans la province d’El Hajeb et la préfecture de Meknès, dont les membres sont en partie ou en totalité des jeunes ruraux. Aux difficultés généralement rencontrées lors de la conception des projets (accès à l’information, par exemple), s’ajoutent des difficultés spécifiquement vécues par les jeunes, telles que l’absence d’organisations les représentant spécifiquement et la contribution des bénéficiaires au financement des projets soutenus par l’Initiative Nationale de Développement Humain. Lorsque ces projets sont fonctionnels, ils permettent à la fois d’offrir aux jeunes un avenir en zone rurale et aussi, à travers le fonctionnement pérenne des associations et coopératives, des acteurs locaux capables de contribuer au développement des territoires
The international journal of the commons, 2024
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 6, 2023
Groundwater is essential for early-season agriculture in many arid regions. In such regions, howe... more Groundwater is essential for early-season agriculture in many arid regions. In such regions, however, groundwater recharge is generally low, leading to groundwater degradation. State responses are seldom effective in addressing this issue, which leads to fatalist narratives of the unsustainability of profitable agricultural growth and the collapse of aquifers. We argue that such narratives make it difficult to recognise more promising instances in which communities find solutions to groundwater degradation. We call for a fine-grained analysis of the social practices around the use of groundwater, which, we argue, represent a process of commoning. We do so while recognising that the collective action of communities is embedded in an intricate set of relations with other stakeholders including the state, and that the positive environmental and transformative social change that is often associated with commoning cannot be taken for granted at the outset. Building on the case of the arid Drâa Valley in Morocco where watermelon production has expanded rapidly, we illustrate how the process of commoning evolves through different social practices, including: 1) the use of new farming practices that reveal the potential of the aquifer; 2) the representation of the aquifer as severely degraded and the development of a narrative around it being a collective good to be protected against outsiders; 3) the defining and negotiating of rules to control groundwater access and use; and 4) the engagement in negotiations and the resolving of conflicts. Our analysis shows that commoning, as performed by young local farmers, is about extending the lifespan of the aquifer for agricultural production rather than preserving it indefinitely; however, an examination of commoning practices also reveals the capacity of the community to change the course of the future.
Arab Reform Initiative, Oct 21, 2021
Arab Reform Initiative, Oct 21, 2021
Arab Reform Initiative, Oct 21, 2021
Au Maroc, les jeunes ruraux sont reconnus comme un atout important pour que les zones rurales pui... more Au Maroc, les jeunes ruraux sont reconnus comme un atout important pour que les zones rurales puissent repondre aux defis du developpement agricole comme rural. L'appui disponible dans le cadre des dispositifs de developpement (principalement l'Initiative Nationale de Developpement Humain et le Plan Maroc Vert) prennent essentiellement la forme de financements de projets collectifs. L'etude analyse dans quelle mesure les jeunes ruraux sont impliques dans des projets collectifs finances par de tels dispositifs de developpement. L'enquete a ete menee aupres de douze associations et cooperatives dans la province d'El Hajeb et la prefecture de Meknes, dont les membres sont en partie ou en totalite des jeunes ruraux. Aux difficultes generalement rencontrees lors de la conception des projets (acces a l'information, par exemple), s'ajoutent des difficultes specifiquement vecues par les jeunes, telles que l'absence d'organisations les representant specifi...
In this paper we present a situated analysis of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ... more In this paper we present a situated analysis of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life of small-scale farmers and agricultural laborers in India, Algeria, and Morocco. We draw on data collected through phone interviews since April 2020. Inspired by feminist scholars, we analyze our findings thinking with—and entangling—the concepts of intersectionality, resilience and care. We firstly document the material impacts of the lockdown measures, focusing particularly on the experiences of single women farmers and laborers, whose livelihood and well-being have been notably compromised. Secondly, we unfold how different agricultural actors have come up with inventive ways to respond to the unexpected situation which they are facing. In doing so, we highlight the importance of considering the multiple and entangled socionatural challenges, uncertainties, and marginalizations that different agricultural actors experience, as well as the transformative potential of their inventi...
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2021
Cahiers Agricultures, 2015
Partir et revenir au village Mobilité non permanente des jeunes ruraux dans la région du Saïss (M... more Partir et revenir au village Mobilité non permanente des jeunes ruraux dans la région du Saïss (Maroc) Résumé Cet article analyse le rôle de la mobilité géographique non permanente des jeunes ruraux dans le développement du territoire rural à partir de données d'enquêtes auprès de 80 jeunes (hommes et femmes) de la localité d'Ait Ali au Saïss au Maroc. Cette mobilité désigne tous les déplacements effectués par les jeunes, pendant des périodes relativement courtes, pour faire des études et travailler avec des retours fréquents à la localité. Les résultats mettent en évidence que les jeunes sont dotés d'une mobilité précoce liée à la poursuite de leurs études et à des formations professionnelles. La mobilité se poursuit avec la recherche de travail et dépend du profil professionnel des jeunes qui l'accomplissent. Ces mobilités permettent, surtout aux hommes, d'acquérir de l'expérience professionnelle et personnelle. De retour au village, ces jeunes assurent un transfert de savoirs, de compétences et de capital financier vers l'exploitation agricole et donnent lieu à des initiatives individuelles sous forme de projets agricoles. Cependant, la mobilité des jeunes femmes est réduite par rapport à celle des jeunes hommes et elle est souvent mal perçue. En trouvant peu de reconnaissance sociale dans les activités agricoles, les jeunes femmes cherchent d'autres activités économiques pour s'épanouir et se valoriser. Ainsi, leur mobilité ne contribue pas de la même façon que celle des jeunes hommes au développement territorial.
Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos, 2020
Bearing in mind that elections are an auspicious time to raise local political issues, this artic... more Bearing in mind that elections are an auspicious time to raise local political issues, this article analyses the strategies of young men and women leaders inthe province of El Hajeb in Morocco and how they negotiate their leadership roles at the local level. The article is based on observations and semi-structured interviews conducted with young leaders and resource holdersduring the legislative elections of October 2016. While some young people manage to accessmunicipal councils, the present authorsfind evidence to suggest that they cannot become parliamentarians because of being hampered by a lack of social networksthat would broaden their constituency, as well asa lack of material resources to run their election campaigns. For young women, access to parliament is even more difficult, particularly if they fail to obtain a seat through the women’s quota system. Conscious of their limited resources, some young people consider the electoral period as a resource in itself for assertin...
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2021
If the success of agricultural intensification continues to rely on the depletion of aquifers and... more If the success of agricultural intensification continues to rely on the depletion of aquifers and exploitation of (female) labour, transformations to groundwater sustainability will be impossible to achieve. Hence, the development of new groundwater imaginaries, based on alternative ways of organizing society-water relations is highly important. This paper argues that a comparative documentation of grass-roots initiatives to care for, share or recharge aquifers in places with acute resource pressures provides an important source of inspiration. Using a grounded anti-colonial and feminist approach, we combine an ethnographic documentation of groundwater practices with hydrogeological and engineering insights to enunciate, normatively assess and jointly learn from the knowledges, technologies and institutions that characterize such initiatives. Doing this usefully shifts the focus of planned efforts to regulate and govern groundwater away from government efforts to control individual ...
À partir de la mi-mars 2020, les gouvernements algérien et marocain ont instauré un confinement p... more À partir de la mi-mars 2020, les gouvernements algérien et marocain ont instauré un confinement pour lutter contre la propagation de la pandémie de Covid-19. Cela s’est traduit par la fermeture des marchés locaux et des restrictions de mobilité. Le traitement médiatique et scientifique de l’impact de la pandémie a porté principalement sur les zones urbaines, laissant de côté les expériences des ruraux alors même que les mesures restrictives sont arrivées en pleine campagne agricole. Cet article vise à combler partiellement cette lacune en analysant comment les petits agriculteurs, femmes et hommes des oasis et des extensions oasiennes, les jeunes producteurs et les ouvriers de deux régions oasiennes du Maghreb, ont vécu ces nouveaux défis. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur 150 entretiens téléphoniques menés avec des acteurs ruraux dans les vallées du Drâa (Maroc) et du M’zab (Algérie). En mettant leurs expériences au cœur de notre analyse, nous montrons comment la crise sanitair...
Cahiers Agricultures
While vaccination campaigns against COVID-19 were launched worldwide, a drama has been unfolding ... more While vaccination campaigns against COVID-19 were launched worldwide, a drama has been unfolding in the Moroccan countryside. It has been marked, over the last couple of decades, by rapid agrarian transformation, manifestations of which have included expanding irrigation frontiers and the increasing growth of high-value crops. These dynamics rely strongly on female agricultural wageworkers. Although they earn low wages, their income is crucial and is used to care for loved ones by paying for school fees, rent, electricity, and medicines. These workers, therefore, cannot afford to quit their jobs. However, most female wageworkers in Morocco are employed without a contract or social security cover. While working in an informal environment and living already in a precarious situation, little is known about how the pandemic has affected them. In this article, we seek to supply some of this information by drawing on the authors’ commitment over almost a decade of covering female wage-wor...
COVID-19 in Rural India, Algeria, and Morocco: A Feminist Analysis of Small-Scale Farmers’ and Agricultural Laborers’ Experiences and Inventive Practices, 2021
In this paper we present a situated analysis of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ... more In this paper we present a situated analysis of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life of small-scale farmers and agricultural laborers in India, Algeria, and Morocco. We draw on data collected through phone interviews since April 2020. Inspired by feminist scholars, we analyze our findings thinking with-and entangling-the concepts of intersectionality, resilience and care. We firstly document the material impacts of the lockdown measures, focusing particularly on the experiences of single women farmers and laborers, whose livelihood and well-being have been notably compromised. Secondly, we unfold how different agricultural actors have come up with inventive ways to respond to the unexpected situation which they are facing. In doing so, we highlight the importance of considering the multiple and entangled socionatural challenges, uncertainties, and marginalizations that different agricultural actors experience, as well as the transformative potential of their inventive practices, which are often motivated and informed by notions of care.
The Civil Society, the Commune, the Parliament: strategies for political promotion of young rural leaders in the province of El Hajeb, Morocco, 2020
Bearing in mind that elections are an auspicious time to raise local political issues, this artic... more Bearing in mind that elections are an auspicious time to raise local political issues, this article analyses the strategies of young men and women leaders inthe province of El Hajeb in Morocco and how they negotiate their leadership roles at the local level. The article is based on observations and semi-structured interviews conducted with young leaders and resource holdersduring the legislative elections of October 2016. While some young people manage to accessmunicipal councils, the present authorsfind evidence to suggest that they cannot become parliamentarians because of being hampered by a lack of social networksthat would broaden their constituency, as well asa lack of material resources to run their election campaigns. For young women, access to parliament is even more difficult, particularly if they fail to obtain a seat through the women’s quota system. Conscious of their limited resources, some young people consider the electoral period as a resource in itself for asserting themselves at the local level and negotiating their political rise. In parallel, they develop electoral strategies to position themselves as local leaders without necessarily running as candidates in legislative elections by choosing to: a) go through several local and regional elective structures; b) strengthen their position within any political party; c) get involved for many years in associational work while attempting to move upwards from the territory of their village to the commune, and then to the province; and d) draw on family notability. The authors’ aim is to show that young leaders are not instrumentalised by potential elected representatives but thatthey carefully negotiate the support they provide to such representatives in order to consolidate their local leadership.
Les dynamiques des jeunes ruraux au sein de leurs territoires sont de plus en plus tangibles.
« La jeunesse est-elle l’avenir du territoire » ? L’article ci-dessous décrit et analyse la maniè... more « La jeunesse est-elle l’avenir du territoire » ? L’article ci-dessous
décrit et analyse la manière dont les jeunes ruraux s’impliquent dans le
développement de leur territoire. À travers un profil et un itinéraire, nous
découvrons l’émergence d’un prototype du jeune rural pragmatique qui
progresse à petits pas, et tire des leçons de ses échecs, en allant toujours de l’avant.
Au Maroc, les jeunes ruraux sont reconnus comme un atout important pour que les zones rurales pui... more Au Maroc, les jeunes ruraux sont reconnus comme un atout important pour que les zones rurales puissent répondre aux défis du développement agricole comme rural. L’appui disponible dans le cadre des dispositifs de développement (principalement l’Initiative Nationale de Développement Humain et le Plan Maroc Vert) prennent essentiellement la forme de financements de projets collectifs. L’étude analyse dans quelle mesure les jeunes ruraux sont impliqués dans des projets collectifs financés par de tels dispositifs de développement. L’enquête a été menée auprès de douze associations et coopératives dans la province d’El Hajeb et la préfecture de Meknès, dont les membres sont en partie ou en totalité des jeunes ruraux. Aux difficultés généralement rencontrées lors de la conception des projets (accès à l’information, par exemple), s’ajoutent des difficultés spécifiquement vécues par les jeunes, telles que l’absence d’organisations les représentant spécifiquement et la contribution des bénéficiaires au financement des projets soutenus par l’Initiative Nationale de Développement Humain. Lorsque ces projets sont fonctionnels, ils permettent à la fois d’offrir aux jeunes un avenir en zone rurale et aussi, à travers le fonctionnement pérenne des associations et coopératives, des acteurs locaux capables de contribuer au développement des territoires