Tt Fakeye | University of Ibadan (original) (raw)

Papers by Tt Fakeye

Pharmacy Education, Dec 22, 2023

BMC Health Services Research, Dec 20, 2023

Background Antipsychotic drugs are prescription-only-medications which require valid prescription... more Background Antipsychotic drugs are prescription-only-medications which require valid prescriptions before it can be obtained from a pharmacy. On the other hand, community pharmacists in developing countries have sometimes been implicated in over-the-counter dispensing of prescription-only-medications. Objective This study investigated the accessibility of antipsychotic drugs without prescriptions from community pharmacies, and the factors responsible for the over-the-counter dispensing of antipsychotics by community pharmacists. Methods An exploratory cross-sectional mixed method survey design using pretested structured questionnaires among 119 community pharmacists, simulated patients in 119 community pharmacies, and one-on-one in-depth interview among eleven (11) community pharmacist-owners/superintendent pharmacists were utilized for data collection. The knowledge of the pharmacists on antipsychotics including classification, side effects, and dispensing practices were explored. Qualitative data was analyzed with thematic analysis, while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Majority of the community pharmacists (87.4%) showed good knowledge of antipsychotics as it relates to the different classes and the side effects peculiar to each class. Antipsychotic medications were dispensed by 85 (71.4%) of community pharmacists without a prescription. One-on-one in-depth interview sessions with community pharmacist owners/superintendent pharmacists demonstrated that community pharmacists are knowledgeable about antipsychotics and their side effects. Reasons given for dispensing this class of drugs without prescription included emergencies, and knowledge of the person as being on the drugs long-term. About 4% pharmacists were adamant on dispensing only with prescription. Conclusion Community pharmacists in Ibadan metropolis readily dispense antipsychotics without valid prescriptions despite having an optimal knowledge about the negative implications of doing so. This could be due

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2008

Background: There are lots of interplays between many patient-related factors which may influence... more Background: There are lots of interplays between many patient-related factors which may influence disease progression among patients with hypertension. This study evaluated disease knowledge and attitude, as well as selected self-care and sociodemographic factors among patients with hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among outpatients with hypertension in a multicenter study involving three tertiary hospitals. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was administered for data collection. Data was summarized with descriptive and inferential statistics with the level of significance set at p<0.05. Results: Self-reported medication adherence revealed that majority, 180 (60.4%), had high medication adherence out of 298 that participated. Medication discrepancy was observed among 153 (51.3%) patients, while 131 (44.0%) had high health literacy. Average hypertension knowledge assessment score was 10.89 ± 1.79 out of a maximum obtainable scor...

African Journal of Biomedical Research, Sep 14, 2014

Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae) seed, has found use in folkloric medicine of Southern Nigeria f... more Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae) seed, has found use in folkloric medicine of Southern Nigeria for the treatment of toothache and prevention of dental caries. The crude ethanolic extract, chromatographic fractions and isolated constituents of Garcinia kola seed against clinical strains of dental-caries-causing and related microorganisms is being evaluated. Antimicrobial evaluations were done by testing different concentrations of the crude extract, vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) fractions and pure isolates against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus aureus in already set blood agar with gentamicin as the reference standard. The zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined as appropriate. Fraction N, eluted with (hexane: ethyl acetate 70: 30), exhibited the highest activity with MIC's of 1.50 mgml⁻¹ and 0.33 mgml⁻¹ while the pure isolates 1 (cycloartenol) and 2 (24-methylenecycloartanol) gave MIC's of 0.17 mgml⁻¹ and 0.38 mgml⁻¹ against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus viridans respectively. Isolate 3 (garcinianin) gave MIC of 1.0 mgml⁻¹ against Streptococcus mutans but there was no significant activity against Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus aureus. The results provide justifications for the folkloric use of Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae) for dental caries-related health problems while the isolated compounds may also serve as templates for future antimicrobial drug development.

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, May 28, 2019

Background Higher incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a major cause of morbidity an... more Background Higher incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Most targeted ADR reporting activities are mainly professional-centered with less attention to patients' knowledge, perception and selfreporting of experienced ADRs. Objectives To comprehensively evaluate patients' knowledge, awareness, perception and reporting of experienced ADRs. Setting Three public healthcare facilities in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Method A questionnaire-guided cross-sectional interview of 1190 consented ambulatory adult patients consecutively recruited from various clinics of the selected hospitals between February and June 2018. The 32-item pretested questionnaire comprised open-and closed-ended questions, as well as open-ended questions with relevant prompts. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics, while Chi square was used to investigate association between relevant categorical variables at p < 0.05. Main outcome measure Knowledge, awareness, perception and reporting of experienced ADRs among patients. Results Response rate was 99.1%. Mean age was 40.6 ± 14.9 years. Forty-nine (4.1%) patients were aware of pharmacovigilance. A total of 964 (81.0%) correctly understood what can be regarded as serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs), 444 (37.3%) had previously experienced ADRs, while 77 (6.5%) experienced reactions with current medication(s). Of this, 64 (83.1%) made a report largely to physician (52; 81.3%). Summarily, reported reactions were more with antimalarials (214; 49.1%), with itching (168; 78.5%) constituting the most frequently occurring reaction. Use of text message (276; 27.2%) and filling of ADR report form (248; 24.4%) were topmost on the list of suggested methods for ADR reporting. There was a significant association between patient's age and awareness of pharmacovigilance (p = 0.015), while educational qualification (p = 0.001) significantly influenced tendency to make a report of experienced ADRs. Conclusion Approximately four percent of patients were aware of pharmacovigilance, while more than three-quarters correctly understood the concept of serious adverse drug reactions. A little above one-quarter had previously experienced one form of reaction or the other, with majority reporting such reactions to physician. Continuous education of stakeholders in pharmacovigilance activities is advocated, while patient's active involvement in spontaneous reporting of ADRs should be carefully considered. Keywords Adverse drug reaction • Awareness • Ambulatory patients • Experienced reactions and reporting • Knowledge • Nigeria Impacts on practice • Stakeholders should be conscious of the useful contribution of patients' self-reported reactions to pharmacovigilance activities in general, while deficiency in patients' reported reactions should be envisaged and carefully considered in the overall decision to establish causality between suspect drug and the reported reactions. • Improved awareness of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting among patients could be achieved with increased enlightenment by major stakeholders, as well Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

How to cite Complete issue More information about this article Journal's homepage in redalyc.org ... more How to cite Complete issue More information about this article Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Scientific Information System Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Fakeye TO, Onyemadu O. Evaluation of knowledge base of hospital pharmacists and physicians on herbal medicines in Southwestern Nigeria.

Research Square (Research Square), May 15, 2023

Background: Medication reconciliation is an evidence-based practice that reduces medication-relat... more Background: Medication reconciliation is an evidence-based practice that reduces medication-related harm to patients. This study evaluated the effect of educational intervention on medication reconciliation practice of pharmacists among ambulatory diabetes and hypertensive patients. Methods: A non-randomized clinical trial on medication reconciliation practice was carried out among 85 and 61 pharmacists at the intervention site and control site, respectively. Medication reconciliation was carried out among 334 (intervention-183; control-151) diabetes and/or hypertensive patients by the principal investigator to indirectly evaluate pharmacists' baseline medication reconciliation practice at both sites. A general educational intervention was carried out among intervention pharmacists. Medication reconciliation was carried out by the principal investigator among another cohort of 96 (intervention-46; control-50) and 90 (intervention-44; control-46) patients at three and six months postintervention, respectively, to indirectly assess pharmacists' postintervention medication reconciliation practice. Thereafter, a focused educational intervention was carried out among 15 of the intervention pharmacists. Three experts in clinical pharmacy analysed the medication reconciliation form lled by the 15 pharmacists after carrying out medication reconciliation on another cohort of 140 patients, after the focused intervention. Data was summarized with descriptive and inferential statistics with level of signi cance set at p<0.05. Key ndings: Baseline medication reconciliation practice was poor at both sites. Post-general educational intervention, medication discrepancy was signi cantly reduced by 42.8% at the intervention site (p<0.001). At the intervention site, a signi cant increase of 54.3% was observed in patients bringing their medication packs for clinic appointments making medication reconciliation easier (p=0.003), at 6-months postintervention. Thirty-ve, 66 and 48 drug therapy problems were detected by 31 (43.1%), 33 (66.0%) and 32 (71.1%) intervention pharmacists at 1-, 3-and 6-month post-general educational intervention, respectively. Post-focused educational intervention, out of a total of 695 medications prescribed, 75 (10.8%) medication discrepancies were detected and resolved among 42 (30%) patients by the 15 pharmacists. Conclusions: The educational interventions improved pharmacists' medication reconciliation practice at the intervention site. Background Medication error is de ned as "any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer" [1]. Medication errors could serve as a source of economic burden to health services, [2, 3] with substantial negative health and economic consequences [4]. Some of the unwanted consequences of medication errors include adverse drug reactions, inadequate patient adherence and low quality of life [5]. Medication discrepancy, which is a type of medication error could also arise during admission, transition, and discharge of patients from an institution [6-8]. Several studies showed that discrepancies between medications prescribed and those taken by the patients may cause harm [1, 9-11]. Medication reconciliation, which is intended to minimize medication discrepancies and possible incidence of needless hospital readmissions,[12] is de ned as "the comprehensive evaluation of a patient's medication regimen any time there is a change in therapy in an effort to avoid medication errors such as omissions, duplications, dosing errors, or drug interactions, as well as to observe compliance and adherence patterns" [13]. Medication reconciliation decreases incongruities between medications orders and the drugs taken by patients, when adequately implemented [14-15]. Medication reconciliation is an effective strategy to alleviate the danger and cost linked with medication errors during hospital admission and avoidable readmission [16]. A study carried out in the United States of America estimated 52% reduction of expected total cost of preventable adverse drug events from 472 US dollars for a patient receiving usual care to 266 US dollars for a patient receiving medication reconciliation intervention [17]. A potential net cost bene t of 103 euros per patient was reported by another study done in the Netherlands [18]. Another study carried out in the United Kingdom reported up to 80 pounds cost saving on preventable adverse drug events per patient for medication reconciliation carried out [19]. These studies [17, 18, 19] and others have shown that pharmacists take more detailed medication history [20-21]. The value of inclusion of pharmacists in medication reconciliation processes in acute care setting has been established by several studies [22]. However, in Nigeria, publications on medication reconciliation are rare and anecdotal evidence show that medication reconciliation is not a structured practice, if done at all. The purpose of this study was to evaluate background extent of medication reconciliation practice, and the effect of educational intervention on pharmacists' practice of medication reconciliation among ambulatory diabetes and hypertensive patients in two tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Methods Study Setting The study was carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan (intervention site), a 950-bed teaching hospital a liated with

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2020

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2018

Background Treatment adherence play important roles in blood pressure control leading to reductio... more Background Treatment adherence play important roles in blood pressure control leading to reduction in morbidity and mortality. This study therefore assessed adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies among ambulatory hypertensive patients. Reasons for treatment non-adherence, and association between adherence and blood pressure were also investigated. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire-guided interview and retrospective review of medical records of 605-patients from two-tertiary healthcare institutions in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Nine-item modified Morisky adherence scale was used to assess medication adherence. Overall adherence score to lifestyle modifications was obtained from the total scores from 4-domains of non-pharmacological measures including cigarette smoking and alcohol cessation, salt-restriction and exercise. Patient-specific adherence education was provided at contact to resolve the knowledge gap(s). Clinical-parameters were retrieved at co...

Pharmacy Education

Background: Medication reconciliation (MR) is a patient-centred evolving role of pharmacists that... more Background: Medication reconciliation (MR) is a patient-centred evolving role of pharmacists that improves patient’s health outcomes. Aim: To assess the effect of an educational intervention on pharmacists’ MR knowledge in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Methods: A two-arm parallel non-randomised controlled trial was carried out at two tertiary hospitals in Nigeria, one as intervention and the other as control site. Pharmacists’ MR knowledge was assessed pre-intervention and at one-, three- and six-month post-intervention. The intervention consisted of seminar and role-plays. Data were summarised with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 75 pharmacists completed the study. Scores for pre-intervention out of a total of 38 was 19.31±4.76 in the intervention group and 17.50±6.86 in the control group. Post-intervention assessment scores (University College Hospital vs University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital) at one, three and six months were 29.82±5.01 vs 25.97±5....

Food Science & Nutrition, 2018

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa lowers blood pressure, blood glucose and total choleste... more ABSTRACT
Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa lowers blood pressure, blood glucose and total cholesterol in patients yet healthy individuals widely consume the tea. This study evaluated the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa tea (HS-tea) on clinical, biochemical and haematological parameters in healthy human volunteers.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-two healthy human volunteers were randomized in a two-arm open-labelled parallel study into HS-tea (n=17) and Water group (n=15). Three hundred millilitres of either HS-tea or Water was taken daily for 28 days by the participant and clinical (Systolic blood pressure SBP, fasting blood glucose FBG, total cholesterol TC, etc.), biochemical (alanine aminotransferase ALT, albumin ALB, aspartate aminotransferase AST, Serum creatinine SCr, etc.) and haematological (haematocrit HCT, white blood cells count WBC, total protein TPro, etc.) parameters were measured at baseline and on the 14th and 28th day.
Results: Daily intake of HS-tea reduced SBP (9.1%, p=0.008), FBG (8.0%, p=0.006) and TPro (5.8%) but increased WBC (34.3%) on the 28th day compared with baseline values. No change was observed with Water. HS-tea lowered SBP, FBG, TC and ALB significantly on the 28th day compared with Water. No significant difference between HS-tea and Water with liver and kidney function markers (AST, ALT, SCr) and haematological parameters (HCT, WBC, TPro). Conclusion: Daily intake of Hibiscus sabdariffa tea for 28 days is safe and reduced SBP, FBG, TC and ALB in healthy human volunteers. It may be considered as a potential nutraceutical candidate for people at risk of developing hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.

Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2020

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Li... more This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

Background: Appropriate drug utilization has a huge contribution to global reduction in morbidity... more Background: Appropriate drug utilization has a huge contribution to global reduction in morbidity and mortality. Periodic review of prescriptions at all levels of care is therefore essential. Objective: To evaluate drug prescription pattern and practice in a university-based healthcare facility using the WHO-core prescribing indicators. Method: A retrospective review of randomly selected outpatient prescriptions in the pharmacy unit of the U n i v e r s i t y o f I b a d a n H e a l t h S e r v i c e s b e t w e e n 2 0 1 2 a n d 2 0 1 4 w a s d o n e . Pre-piloted data collection form was used to retrieve data based on standard prescription specifications including socio-demographics, drug name and dosage regimen, and prescriber identity. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Results: A total of 4,121 medicines were reviewed in 1200 encounters. Of these, 589 (49.1%) were prescribed for males and 611 (50.9%) for females. Patients' ages were indicated in 388 (32...

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2019

Background Hibiscus sabdariffa beverage (HSB) is widely consumed as a medicinal herb and sometime... more Background Hibiscus sabdariffa beverage (HSB) is widely consumed as a medicinal herb and sometimes used concomitantly with drugs. This study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory potential of the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces (AEHS) on selected cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes and the effect of HSB on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in vivo. Methods In vitro inhibitions of eight major CYP isozymes by AEHS were estimated by monitoring CYP-specific model reactions of 10 CYP probe substrates using N-in-one assay method. Subsequently, an open, randomized, two-period crossover design was used to evaluate the effect of HSB on the pharmacokinetics of single-dose 200 mg caffeine in six healthy human volunteers. Blood samples were obtained at specific times over a 24 h period. Probe drugs and metabolites were analyzed in their respective matrices with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/ul...

Pharmacy Practice, Aug 1, 2013

African Health Sciences, 2018

Background: Irrational antibiotic prescriptions for children is a global concern requiring period... more Background: Irrational antibiotic prescriptions for children is a global concern requiring periodic evaluation and monitoring. Objectives: To assess appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for under-five children, as well as evaluating mothers' usage of antibiotics for their under-five and reason(s) for use. Method: Cross-sectional review of outpatient case-notes of under-five using principles of antibiotic prescribing and a questionnaire-guided interaction with under-five mothers. Results: Nearly all (445;98.9%) antibiotic prescriptions were based on signs and symptoms indicative of bacterial infection. Only 3(0.7%) had the initial antibiotic regimen modified. Nine (2.0%) had documented evidence of sensitivity test requested before antibiotic prescribing. Presence of infection or need for antibiotic therapy was established in 190(42.2%). Majority (324;72.0%) of mothers had administered antibiotics to their under-five. Of these, 157(48.5%) were prescribed by physicians and 79(24.4%) were self-recommended. Educational status of mothers significantly influenced antibiotic usage. Conclusion: Antibiotic prescriptions for under-fives was largely based on symptoms indicative of bacterial infections, thereby corroborating the widespread empirical antibiotic prescribing. Considerable number of mothers engaged in self-recommendation of antibiotics for their under-fives. Thus, there is a need for continuous enlightenment of prescribers and mothers on rational use of antibiotics, while microbiological confirmation of clinical diagnosis is encouraged for evidence-based antibiotic prescribing.