Eslam Ramadan | عين شمس (original) (raw)

Papers by Eslam Ramadan

Research paper thumbnail of Biochemical Studies on Amphiregulin protein in Hepatitis C virus patients

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Research paper thumbnail of Polyethylene glycol (PEG): The nature, immunogenicity, and role in the hypersensitivity of PEGylated products

Journal of Controlled Release

Research paper thumbnail of Retinal fundus images for glaucoma analysis: the RIGA dataset

Medical Imaging 2018: Imaging Informatics for Healthcare, Research, and Applications, 2018

Glaucoma neuropathy is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current models of chron... more Glaucoma neuropathy is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current models of chronic care will not be able to close the gap of growing prevalence of glaucoma and challenges for access to healthcare services. Teleophthalmology is being developed to close this gap. In order to develop automated techniques for glaucoma detection which can be used in tele-ophthalmology we have developed a large retinal fundus dataset. A de-identified dataset of retinal fundus images for glaucoma analysis (RIGA) was derived from three sources for a total of 750 images. The optic cup and disc boundaries for each image was marked and annotated manually by six experienced ophthalmologists and included the cup to disc (CDR) estimates. Six parameters were extracted and assessed (the disc area and centroid, cup area and centroid, horizontal and vertical cup to disc ratios) among the ophthalmologists. The inter-observer annotations were compared by calculating the standard deviation (SD) for every image between the six ophthalmologists in order to determine if the outliers amongst the six and was used to filter the corresponding images. The data set will be made available to the research community in order to crowd source other analysis from other research groups in order to develop, validate and implement analysis algorithms appropriate for tele-glaucoma assessment. The RIGA dataset can be freely accessed online through University of Michigan, Deep Blue website (doi:10.7302/Z23R0R29).

Research paper thumbnail of Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences

Understanding emotions is an important facet of intimate growth and advancement, and a key tile f... more Understanding emotions is an important facet of intimate growth and advancement, and a key tile for the emulation of human perception. Many young people brutalized by an adult, persecuted by oppressor, criminally violated, or witnessed domestic bloodshed react to this brutality exposure by expanding observable, poignant, or learning problems. This leads to the requirement of a stable bio stress marker that address all stress related problems. The existing stress markers have been designed and used for specific task oriented applications which results lack of intelligence and autonomous phenomenon. In addition to that the existing computing methodologies and their qualitative parameters have been very much limited in terms of affective computing utilization which leads to performance in the compromised way. To meet out the challenges, it is proposed to develop automatic classifiers to infer working conditions and stress related mental states from a multimodal set of sensor data. This approach address two methodological and applied machine learning challenges: Detecting work stress using several (physically) unobtrusive sensors, and taking into account individual differences. A comparative analysis is performed among the existing methods for detecting various stress levels.

Research paper thumbnail of Results of meniscal injuries repair using different arthroscopic techniques

SICOT-J, 2020

Aim: Evaluation of clinical and radiological outcomes following meniscal repair using different a... more Aim: Evaluation of clinical and radiological outcomes following meniscal repair using different arthroscopic techniques for all meniscal tears amenable for repair. Methods: Sixty-one patients were involved in a prospective study; all cases presented with meniscal tears underwent arthroscopic meniscal repair from December 2016 to December 2017. Outcomes involved the site of tear, the repair technique, and associated injuries. The International Knee Documentation Committee Score (IKDC) and Tegner Lysholm Knee Score were used to analyze the clinical and functional outcomes postoperatively. Results: Of the 61 patients, 50 patients (81.9%) had meniscal tear associated with isolated ligamentous ACL injury, 6 cases had corrective osteotomy with ACL reconstruction to correct concomitant genu varus, 2 cases (3.3%) had meniscal tear associated with isolated ligamentous PCL injury, and 9 patients (14.8%) presented with isolated meniscal tear; IKDC was preoperatively (44.52 ± 8.79), postoperati...

Research paper thumbnail of Correction Notice to: Arabic translation and validation of three knee scores, Lysholm Knee Score (LKS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC)

Research paper thumbnail of Agreement among ophthalmologists in marking the optic disc and optic cup in fundus images

International Ophthalmology, 2016

The purpose of this paper was to study the agreement between six ophthalmologists who manually ma... more The purpose of this paper was to study the agreement between six ophthalmologists who manually marked the optic nerve head using fundus images. Four different parameters were considered from the manual marking images: (1) disc (area and centroid), (2) cup (area and centroid), (3) horizontal and vertical cup-to-disc ratios, and (4) including the previous two parameters for both horizontal and vertical cup-to-disc ratios, and investigated the comprehensive agreement and accuracy among all the ophthalmologists. The best agreement percentage for all the parameters combined was between ophthalmologists number one and three for 44 % of images, and the best accuracy was for ophthalmologist number one with 77.4 % of 315 total tested images. Our analysis shows that more than half of the images in the dataset were not agreed upon when considering all the parameters together.

Research paper thumbnail of The Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Methods to Measure the Intracranial Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2020

BACKGROUND Although invasive monitoring is the standard method for intracranial pressure (ICP) me... more BACKGROUND Although invasive monitoring is the standard method for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement, it is not without potential for serious complications. Noninvasive methods have been proposed as alternatives to invasive ICP monitoring. The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the currently available noninvasive methods for intracranial hypertension (ICH) monitoring. METHODS We searched 5 databases for articles evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive methods in diagnosing ICH in PubMed, Institute of Science Index, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase. The quantitative analysis was conducted if there were at least 2 studies evaluating a specific method. The accuracy measures included the sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio. RESULTS We included 134 articles. Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (US ONSD) had high diagnostic accuracy (estimated sensitivity of 90%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87-92, estimated specificity of 88%; 95% CI, 84-91) while the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ONSD had estimated sensitivity of 77%; 95% CI, 64-87 and estimated specificity of 89%; 95% CI, 84-93, and computed tomography (CT) ONSD had estimated sensitivity of 93%; 95% CI, 90-96 and estimated specificity of 79%; 95% CI, 56-92. All MRI signs had a very high estimated specificity ranging from 90% to 99% but a low estimated sensitivity except for sinus stenosis which had high estimated sensitivity as well as specificity (90%; 95% CI, 75-96 and 96%; 95% CI, 91-99, respectively). Among the physical examination signs, pupillary dilation had a high estimated specificity (86%; 95% CI, 76-93). Other diagnostic tests to be considered included pulsatility index, papilledema, transcranial Doppler, compression or absence of basal cisterns, and ≥10 mm midline shift. Setting the cutoff value of ICH to ≥20 mm Hg instead of values <20 mm Hg was associated with higher sensitivity. Moreover, if the delay between invasive and noninvasive methods was within 1 hour, the MRI ONSD and papilledema had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy compared to the >1 hour subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed several promising tools for diagnosing ICH. Moreover, we demonstrated that using multiple, readily available, noninvasive methods is better than depending on a single sign such as physical examination or CT alone.

Research paper thumbnail of Arabic translation and validation of three knee scores, Lysholm Knee Score (LKS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC)

SICOT-J

Aim of the work: Translation and validation of three commonly used knee scores to Arabic language... more Aim of the work: Translation and validation of three commonly used knee scores to Arabic language: the Lysholm Knee Score (LKS), the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and IKDC Subjective Knee Form. Methods: Our work focused on translation and validation of the LKS, OKS and IKDC. Construct validity was assessed by comparing the LKS, OKS, and IKDC Subjective Knee Form and previous Arabic translated version of Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Test−retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity were assessed, using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results: Reliability was excellent for the Arabic IKDC subjective form (0.95), while the Arabic LKS and the Arabic OKS were good: 0.8 and 0.85, respectively. The Cronbach's ά was excellent for the Arabic LKS and Arabic OKS: 0.9 and 0.90, respectively, while the Arabic IKDC subjective form was good (0.89). Construct validity was high for the...

Research paper thumbnail of Biochemical Studies on Amphiregulin protein in Hepatitis C virus patients

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Research paper thumbnail of Polyethylene glycol (PEG): The nature, immunogenicity, and role in the hypersensitivity of PEGylated products

Journal of Controlled Release

Research paper thumbnail of Retinal fundus images for glaucoma analysis: the RIGA dataset

Medical Imaging 2018: Imaging Informatics for Healthcare, Research, and Applications, 2018

Glaucoma neuropathy is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current models of chron... more Glaucoma neuropathy is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current models of chronic care will not be able to close the gap of growing prevalence of glaucoma and challenges for access to healthcare services. Teleophthalmology is being developed to close this gap. In order to develop automated techniques for glaucoma detection which can be used in tele-ophthalmology we have developed a large retinal fundus dataset. A de-identified dataset of retinal fundus images for glaucoma analysis (RIGA) was derived from three sources for a total of 750 images. The optic cup and disc boundaries for each image was marked and annotated manually by six experienced ophthalmologists and included the cup to disc (CDR) estimates. Six parameters were extracted and assessed (the disc area and centroid, cup area and centroid, horizontal and vertical cup to disc ratios) among the ophthalmologists. The inter-observer annotations were compared by calculating the standard deviation (SD) for every image between the six ophthalmologists in order to determine if the outliers amongst the six and was used to filter the corresponding images. The data set will be made available to the research community in order to crowd source other analysis from other research groups in order to develop, validate and implement analysis algorithms appropriate for tele-glaucoma assessment. The RIGA dataset can be freely accessed online through University of Michigan, Deep Blue website (doi:10.7302/Z23R0R29).

Research paper thumbnail of Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences

Understanding emotions is an important facet of intimate growth and advancement, and a key tile f... more Understanding emotions is an important facet of intimate growth and advancement, and a key tile for the emulation of human perception. Many young people brutalized by an adult, persecuted by oppressor, criminally violated, or witnessed domestic bloodshed react to this brutality exposure by expanding observable, poignant, or learning problems. This leads to the requirement of a stable bio stress marker that address all stress related problems. The existing stress markers have been designed and used for specific task oriented applications which results lack of intelligence and autonomous phenomenon. In addition to that the existing computing methodologies and their qualitative parameters have been very much limited in terms of affective computing utilization which leads to performance in the compromised way. To meet out the challenges, it is proposed to develop automatic classifiers to infer working conditions and stress related mental states from a multimodal set of sensor data. This approach address two methodological and applied machine learning challenges: Detecting work stress using several (physically) unobtrusive sensors, and taking into account individual differences. A comparative analysis is performed among the existing methods for detecting various stress levels.

Research paper thumbnail of Results of meniscal injuries repair using different arthroscopic techniques

SICOT-J, 2020

Aim: Evaluation of clinical and radiological outcomes following meniscal repair using different a... more Aim: Evaluation of clinical and radiological outcomes following meniscal repair using different arthroscopic techniques for all meniscal tears amenable for repair. Methods: Sixty-one patients were involved in a prospective study; all cases presented with meniscal tears underwent arthroscopic meniscal repair from December 2016 to December 2017. Outcomes involved the site of tear, the repair technique, and associated injuries. The International Knee Documentation Committee Score (IKDC) and Tegner Lysholm Knee Score were used to analyze the clinical and functional outcomes postoperatively. Results: Of the 61 patients, 50 patients (81.9%) had meniscal tear associated with isolated ligamentous ACL injury, 6 cases had corrective osteotomy with ACL reconstruction to correct concomitant genu varus, 2 cases (3.3%) had meniscal tear associated with isolated ligamentous PCL injury, and 9 patients (14.8%) presented with isolated meniscal tear; IKDC was preoperatively (44.52 ± 8.79), postoperati...

Research paper thumbnail of Correction Notice to: Arabic translation and validation of three knee scores, Lysholm Knee Score (LKS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC)

Research paper thumbnail of Agreement among ophthalmologists in marking the optic disc and optic cup in fundus images

International Ophthalmology, 2016

The purpose of this paper was to study the agreement between six ophthalmologists who manually ma... more The purpose of this paper was to study the agreement between six ophthalmologists who manually marked the optic nerve head using fundus images. Four different parameters were considered from the manual marking images: (1) disc (area and centroid), (2) cup (area and centroid), (3) horizontal and vertical cup-to-disc ratios, and (4) including the previous two parameters for both horizontal and vertical cup-to-disc ratios, and investigated the comprehensive agreement and accuracy among all the ophthalmologists. The best agreement percentage for all the parameters combined was between ophthalmologists number one and three for 44 % of images, and the best accuracy was for ophthalmologist number one with 77.4 % of 315 total tested images. Our analysis shows that more than half of the images in the dataset were not agreed upon when considering all the parameters together.

Research paper thumbnail of The Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Methods to Measure the Intracranial Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2020

BACKGROUND Although invasive monitoring is the standard method for intracranial pressure (ICP) me... more BACKGROUND Although invasive monitoring is the standard method for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement, it is not without potential for serious complications. Noninvasive methods have been proposed as alternatives to invasive ICP monitoring. The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the currently available noninvasive methods for intracranial hypertension (ICH) monitoring. METHODS We searched 5 databases for articles evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive methods in diagnosing ICH in PubMed, Institute of Science Index, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase. The quantitative analysis was conducted if there were at least 2 studies evaluating a specific method. The accuracy measures included the sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio. RESULTS We included 134 articles. Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (US ONSD) had high diagnostic accuracy (estimated sensitivity of 90%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87-92, estimated specificity of 88%; 95% CI, 84-91) while the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ONSD had estimated sensitivity of 77%; 95% CI, 64-87 and estimated specificity of 89%; 95% CI, 84-93, and computed tomography (CT) ONSD had estimated sensitivity of 93%; 95% CI, 90-96 and estimated specificity of 79%; 95% CI, 56-92. All MRI signs had a very high estimated specificity ranging from 90% to 99% but a low estimated sensitivity except for sinus stenosis which had high estimated sensitivity as well as specificity (90%; 95% CI, 75-96 and 96%; 95% CI, 91-99, respectively). Among the physical examination signs, pupillary dilation had a high estimated specificity (86%; 95% CI, 76-93). Other diagnostic tests to be considered included pulsatility index, papilledema, transcranial Doppler, compression or absence of basal cisterns, and ≥10 mm midline shift. Setting the cutoff value of ICH to ≥20 mm Hg instead of values <20 mm Hg was associated with higher sensitivity. Moreover, if the delay between invasive and noninvasive methods was within 1 hour, the MRI ONSD and papilledema had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy compared to the >1 hour subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed several promising tools for diagnosing ICH. Moreover, we demonstrated that using multiple, readily available, noninvasive methods is better than depending on a single sign such as physical examination or CT alone.

Research paper thumbnail of Arabic translation and validation of three knee scores, Lysholm Knee Score (LKS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC)

SICOT-J

Aim of the work: Translation and validation of three commonly used knee scores to Arabic language... more Aim of the work: Translation and validation of three commonly used knee scores to Arabic language: the Lysholm Knee Score (LKS), the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and IKDC Subjective Knee Form. Methods: Our work focused on translation and validation of the LKS, OKS and IKDC. Construct validity was assessed by comparing the LKS, OKS, and IKDC Subjective Knee Form and previous Arabic translated version of Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Test−retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity were assessed, using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results: Reliability was excellent for the Arabic IKDC subjective form (0.95), while the Arabic LKS and the Arabic OKS were good: 0.8 and 0.85, respectively. The Cronbach's ά was excellent for the Arabic LKS and Arabic OKS: 0.9 and 0.90, respectively, while the Arabic IKDC subjective form was good (0.89). Construct validity was high for the...