Feyzullah Şahin | İzmir Demokrasi Üniversitesi / İzmir Democracy University (original) (raw)

Books by Feyzullah Şahin

Edited Volumes by Feyzullah Şahin

Papers by Feyzullah Şahin

ADALYA, 2024

Abstract Although a universal feature of the Greek polis and, despite ample epigraphic evidence, ... more Abstract Although a universal feature of the Greek polis and, despite ample epigraphic evidence, the gymnasia of the Hellenistic and Roman East, especially in Lycia, are understudied. In this paper we present our initial findings relating to the gymnasion of Patara. Through an interdisciplinary approach we can identify the site of the gymnasion and reconstruct how it was integrated into the city center in terms of urban planning. By analysing the relationship of the gymnasion to other buildings in the vicinity, we can even trace developments in the building history of the gymnasion. This paper presents numerous archaeological findings from the city center of Patara. It also presents three hitherto unpublished inscriptions, one of which was set up in honor of the Patarean benefactor Ti. Claudius Flavianus Eudemos.

Belleten, 2023

The subject matter of this work is the metal military equipment that was found in the military se... more The subject matter of this work is the metal military equipment that was found in the military settlement of Tepecik, situated on a natural rock north of the Patara city center and east of the inner harbor. Construction activities for defense purposes can be traced back to the 6 th century B.C. in the settlement. During the excavations conducted in recent years, a garrison was unearthed, that had been built in the middle of the 4 th century B.C. and remained in use until the end of the 3 rd century B.C. with some architectural transformation.

Arkeoloji Dergisi, 2021

A Group of Oinophoros from Patara: Observations on Iconography and Production ABSTRACT O... more A Group of Oinophoros from Patara: Observations on Iconography and Production
ABSTRACT
Oinophoroi, which is one of the molded relief ware in Roman Imperial Period, includes various types of pelikai, amphoras, single-handled jugs, lagynoi, pots modeled according to mythological characters or grotesque figures, and shallow phialai or paterae with an relief medallion applied on their tondo. In the decoration repertoire of these ceramics, which are usually produced using two or three molds, it is seen that expressions related to the Dionysus cult are predominantly preferred, however, various myths, erotic narratives from daily life and scenes such as gladiator fights are also included in this diversity. It was determined that the Oinophoros group ceramics were first produced in Cnidian workshops in the Augustus Period. It is seen that the Pergamene workshops in the mid-1st century AD and Iasian workshops in the second half of the 2nd century AD followed this production. Among the oinophoros group ceramics found in Patara, an amphora and eight paterae constitutes the main subject of the study. In addition to these finds, a mold that may have been used in the production of medallions of the paterae is examined. In terms of production and decoration technique, it is seen that various mythological scenes, especially in connection with the Dionysus cult, are found in the Pataran samples, which are among the oinophoros molded relief ware. Our research and other similar examples show that oinophoros group ceramics in Patara are stylistically similar to examples from Cnidus and Alexandria. While this situation provides us the information on the commercial networks and the distribution of oinophoros group paterae in the Mediterranean, the common characteristics of the preferred iconographies present important data by showing the continuity of the common beliefs and thoughts, which dates back to the Hellenistic Period, in the Roman Imperial Period. With its structure highly suitable
to shape a patera medallion, the mold that presumably has a representation of Dionysus bears traces of oinophoros type patera production in Patara, and it shows that it is likely to add new workshops to the oinophoros production centers in Anatolia, and notably in Patara.

Patara. Lykia'nın Akdeniz'e Açılan Kapısı, 2020

Patara'dan Geç Klasik Dönem'e Ait Bir Anta Başlığı

Patara. City, Harbor, Cult, 2019

Patara. City, Harbor, Cult,, 2019

As a result of the King of Pergamon Attalos III deeming the Roman people as his successors in his... more As a result of the King of Pergamon Attalos III deeming the Roman people as his successors in his will, this region was organized as the Provincia Asia, in 129 BC. From the Late Republic Period to the Early Roman Empire Period, many regions in Anatolia were transformed into Roman provinces. The Lycia region was transformed into a Roman province, in 43 AD. Historical records, archeological and epigraphic data show that Lycia's legal independence had been under the Roman control for almost two centuries. It is seen that the peoples that started to live under the rule of Rome underwent political, economic, social, religious and cultural changes over time. These changes, defined by the term "Romanization", can be as a unilateral, conscious policy that they applied for the societies under Rome's rule to abide by the rules set by them and the new order and to legitimize their sovereignty. However, research conducted in different geographical areas under the influence of the empire, revealed that a multifaceted interaction and integration of indigenous societies and their cultures with Roman imperial culture resulted in a socio-cultural change. Likewise, it is seen that the Romanization process in cities of Lycia is influential in various levels in different areas.
In this study, firstly, a summary of the religious, cultural and social-political influences of the Romanization policy in Patara, will be presented and following these, it will focus on the determination of the level of this influence. In the main part of the study, firstly, information about the dissemination area of the city, which had been a permanent settlement area from the Archaic period until the Roman Empire period will be given. Then, after becoming a provincial city, the changes seen in urban planning and the constructions within the scope of this planning will be presented. Researches carried out in Patara showed that urbanism, which is an original example of "Roman" urban design, can be followed clearly in the planning of the city, its architecture and construction technique in the Roman Empire period where the constantly used areas of the city were expanded and utilized. As the most prominent feature of Romanization on urban planning, it was found that the Harbour Street was reorganized as decumanus and cardo in the Early Roman Imperial period thanks to the suitability of the topographic structure of Patara and that the urbanization of the western part of the city had increased since the early stages of the 2nd century AD. The apparent effect of the Romanization policy in urban planning also manifested itself in the increase in the public buildings in terms of both quantity and quality. In this process, the architectural elements within the pre-Roman building repertoire such as theaters, the parliament building, agoras were used by changing their features in form and content. Also new structural elements directly reflecting the Roman influence such as columned streets, triumphal arch, baths, bath-gymnasium complexes, horreum and aqueducts were included in the city plan.

Patara. Denizcilik ve Ticaretin Başkenti

Our knowledge about the strigil production centers in Anatolia is very limited. Written sources a... more Our knowledge about the strigil production centers in Anatolia is very limited. Written sources and archaeological data show that there was a strigil workshop in Pergamon in the 1st century A.D. and that craftsmen from Tarsus, who specialized in strigil producing, produced strigil between the 2nd and the early 3rd centuries A.D. Our literary and museum studies about strigil dispersion in Anatolia, show that over a thousand strigils have been found in an area which extend from western and southern coastal sites to Adıyaman in the east. This numerical density suggests that there can be other strigil workshops to be found in Anatolia. As a result of observations on strigils that have been found in Anatolia; the part of the elements such as form, ornament, seal, inscription in assignation of strigil workshops and in accordance with this data, the suggestions for the production place of two strigils found in Patara, formed main topic of the study. By the form and ornament features, it seems possible to indicate that Strigil no. 1, one of the two strigils dated between the late 1st century B.C. and early 1st century A.D., was produced in a workshop in estern
Anatolia. In addition, it is founded that the form group which the Strigil no. 1 belongs to (the inverted “S” profile form) seen in the late 1st century A.D, was already being used between the late 1st century B.C. and the early 1st century A.D. This has been an important output to indicate a necessary change of chronological borders. On the handle of Strigil no. 2, there are two seals which the word TATTA (genitive case) is inscribed both. The word TATTA were used especially in Central Anatolia with various forms, indicates to the presence of a workshop in this region.
Keywords: Strigil, Anatolia, Patara, Workshop.

-Urban Water Distribution Structures in Patara- Freshwater springs are very limite... more -Urban Water Distribution Structures in Patara-

Freshwater springs are very limited in the immediate vicinity of Patara. Underground sources and rainwater collected in cisterns must have played important role in catering to the daily needs of the city. However, local resources were insufficient as a result of the city's growth and increased traffic in the harbor. Rising demand for water has necessitated a 22,5 km long water supply system. The whole water supply and urban distribution system were examined in a project (TÜBİTAK Project No: SOBAG-108K116) entitled “Research on the Water Line of Patara Regarding Archaeological, Architectural and Water Engineering Aspects”. In this study, the reservoirs which were used in the urban water distribution system and water distribution lines that reach different parts of the city were presented.

Critical Debates in Social Sciences, 2018

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a r... more All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.