anak agung banyu Perwita | Indonesian Defense University (original) (raw)

Papers by anak agung banyu Perwita

Jurnal hubungan internasional, Apr 1, 2017

Poros Maritim Dunia menjadi landasan penting politik luar negeri dan dalam negeri Indonesia pada ... more Poros Maritim Dunia menjadi landasan penting politik luar negeri dan dalam negeri Indonesia pada masa kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo. Indonesia dibayangkan sebagai kekuatan maritim regional yang mampu menjaga keamanan di wilayah maritimnya sendiri dan wilayah Indo-Pasifik. Ini menunjukkan ambisi Indonesia yang menginginkan peningkatan ekonomi dari sektor maritim. Poros Maritim Dunia bentukan Presiden Joko Widodo telah berjalan selama tiga tahun. Meskipun dapat dilihat pembangunan secara fisik yang luar biasa, akan tetapi pembangunan kesadaran maritim atau MDA masih kurang diperhatikan. Sebagai dasar dari kebijakan maritim, menjadi penting bagi Indonesia untuk memastikan kapasitas pembangunan MDA yang memadai guna memberikan arah pemangku kepentingan dalam mengalokasikan dan memprioritaskan sumber daya. Tulisan ini membangun sebuah kerangka MDA untuk mengevaluasi pembangunan MDA Indonesia di tiga level: strategis, operasional, dan teknis. Kerangka ini mengidentifikasi tiga permasalahan, antara lain kurangnya kapasitas untuk mengadakan operasional MDA yang berkelanjutan, kurangnya koordinasi antar agensi, serta permasalahan pemahaman mengenai kemaritiman. Pada bagian akhir, tulisan ini memberikan beberapa rekomendasi yang bertujuan meningkatkan kapasitas Indonesia untuk membangun MDA. Kata kunci: Kewaspadaan Lingkungan Maritim, Poros Maritim Dunia, kebijakan maritim Indonesia, keamanan maritim, pembangunan angkatan laut.

International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, May 30, 2023

National Interest is the core of a country's foreign policy. Policymakers use the concept of nati... more National Interest is the core of a country's foreign policy. Policymakers use the concept of national interest to formulate foreign policy and refer as a starting point to consider any step they take for the sake of their country; these include defending, maintaining, or developing anything perceived as national interest. In the past few years, Australia has shown that it has a grand agenda in the Indo-Pacific region and positioned itself as the regional epicenter by utilizing its national power through the instrument of DIME, including and not limited to Diplomatic, Informational, Military, and Economic power. This paper tries to connect the main concept of international relations and Australian openness in articulating its foreign policy through a descriptive qualitative method. The author analyzes it through the elements of foreign policy that consist of Ends (National Interest), Means (Foreign Policy Instrument), and Ways (Foreign Policy Options). This paper briefly reflects on how the elements structured Australian foreign policy to strive for regional security, stability, and prosperity. The paper concludes that the regional strategic engagement is conducted through various courses of action as the Australian commitment to maintaining a rules-based order.

Journal of international studies, Dec 30, 2021

Jindal Journal of International Affairs, Jul 1, 2019

The security environment surrounding Japan has become more severe as North Korea continued to dev... more The security environment surrounding Japan has become more severe as North Korea continued to develop its nuclear arsenal. Additionally, China's military development within Japan's surroundings has also increased the security dilemma in East Asia, galvanizing Japan to respond to the contingencies accordingly. As North Korea and China were known to cooperate closely in developing North's nuclear arsenal, Japan which is geographically close to North Korea and has been one of its missile targets, responded militarily to protect its mainland from future nuclear aggressions. To that end, Japan has endeavored to increase its ballistic missile defense capability through strengthening its alliance with the United States, Japan's strategic ally since the end of World War II. This research elucidates Japan's national strategy and defense policy in response to North Korea's ballistic missile threat, and how Japan cooperates with the United States in building its ballistic missile defense capability under the Japan-U.S. Alliance.

Andalas journal of international studies, Nov 30, 2020

Analyzing the elements of Foreign Policy: Australia’s Foreign Policy Towards Indo – Pacific Region, A study case, 2023

National Interest is the core of a country's foreign policy. Policymakers use the concept of nati... more National Interest is the core of a country's foreign policy. Policymakers use the concept of national interest to formulate foreign policy and refer as a starting point to consider any step they take for the sake of their country; these include defending, maintaining, or developing anything perceived as national interest. In the past few years, Australia has shown that it has a grand agenda in the Indo-Pacific region and positioned itself as the regional epicenter by utilizing its national power through the instrument of DIME, including and not limited to Diplomatic, Informational, Military, and Economic power. This paper tries to connect the main concept of international relations and Australian openness in articulating its foreign policy through a descriptive qualitative method. The author analyzes it through the elements of foreign policy that consist of Ends (National Interest), Means (Foreign Policy Instrument), and Ways (Foreign Policy Options). This paper briefly reflects on how the elements structured Australian foreign policy to strive for regional security, stability, and prosperity. The paper concludes that the regional strategic engagement is conducted through various courses of action as the Australian commitment to maintaining a rules-based order.

Multidisciplinary Reviews, Aug 24, 2023

Russia-Georgia relations had been declining since Georgia first voiced its intention for NATO mem... more Russia-Georgia relations had been declining since Georgia first voiced its intention for NATO membership in 2005 which later escalated into a war in 2008. Despite being victorious in the 2008 Russo-Georgian Five-Day War, the shortcomings of the Russian Armed Forces that were exposed during the war had led the country towards its "New Look" military reform announced months after the war. Many International Relations scholar draw a connection between the reform and Russia's increasing assertiveness marked by the Crimean annexation and Russia's involvement in Syria. This piece will then try to understand how Russian military performance in the 2008 war led to Russia's most rigorous military reform, and more importantly, how did Russia implement its "New Look" reform during 2008 until 2013. Russia had underwent far reaching efforts and goals to transform the armed forces into combat-ready forces but had also faced challenges in modernizing its weaponry system, in increasing the quality and professionalism of its forces.

Jindal Journal of International Affairs, Dec 1, 2020

This article seeks to explain the importance of the broader Red Sea arena and what national inter... more This article seeks to explain the importance of the broader Red Sea arena and what national interests China particularly owns within that specific region. China has been making its presence felt in the region, in the past few years, especially after Beijing decided to establish its very first foreign naval base in Djibouti. This research paper shows that the specific region holds significance in economic, security, and political dimensions. That being said, China's national interests in this study are further classified into geoeconomic, geo-security, and geo-political dimensions. Through the theoretical framework of national interest, maritime security, and foreign policy, this study will explain what makes this broader Red Sea arena important and how it is related with China's expanding national interests surrounding the said region. The paper concludes that China's global presence in the broader Red Sea arena can be justified based on the importance that the mentioned region holds as well as China's expanding global interests which already exceed Beijing's national territory itself. In that sense, maritime security has also become an important aspect to identify China's behaviour in the region. The confirmation of such a conclusion is drawn from China's several foreign policy initiatives, executed to protect and secure its own interests.

Journal of ASEAN Studies, Jul 31, 2014

The policy was introduced by the U.S. President Barack Obama early in his first administration in... more The policy was introduced by the U.S. President Barack Obama early in his first administration in 2010, marked specific changing to the U.S. foreign policy like never before. The U.S. continuously views South and South East Asia, including the Indian Ocean, as a crucial driver for America's economic growth and prosperity throughout the 21st century. Numerous numbers of cooperation and partnership have been done to enhance the ties between the U.S. and the regions. The U.S. presence and involvement in most essential regional meetings and summits can also be seen as an effort to seek opportunities, politically, economically, as well as security. This article tries to analyze how the U.S. rebalance towards Asia policy, a term used for the U.S.' foreign policy influenced the regional stability in Asia-Pacific region.

Journal of ASEAN Studies, Apr 25, 2017

The security environment in East Asia has continuously evolved, particularly concerning China's m... more The security environment in East Asia has continuously evolved, particularly concerning China's maritime expansion and North Korea's provocative behavior. Japan, with its military that is being limited by its pacifist Constitution, has been steadily shifting its defense policy to respond to its strategic environment for its past three Prime Ministers: Naoto Kan, Yoshihiko Noda, and Shinzo Abe. Historical enmities, military capability, as well as territorial disputes have increased the threats from Japan's neighbors to Tokyo's national security. Since 2010, Japan has established a National Defense Program Guideline (NDPG), shifted its defense strategy from the Basic Defense Force (kibanteki boei ryoko) to Dynamic Defense Force (doeki boei ryoko), revised its Three Principles on Arms Exports, created the National Security Council (NSC), the National Security Strategy (NSS), and the Medium Term Defense Program (MDTP), as well as reinterpreted the Article 9 of its pacifist Constitution. While the NSC, NSS, MDTP, and Article 9 are conducted under the Abe administration, the claim that the steps Abe has undertaken to be revolutionary is misleading, as they are in fact a continuity from his predecessors despite coming from opposing political backgrounds. Despite of several significant changes in its defense policy, Japan still abides to its Constitution and its military is still limited.

Global Strategis, Dec 15, 2017

The worsening of technical and safety condition of the pipeline infrastructure in Ukraine due to ... more The worsening of technical and safety condition of the pipeline infrastructure in Ukraine due to economic crisis following the end of the Cold War had driven Russia to provide compensation to Ukraine through applying subsidy on its gas price and paying the Ukrainian gas imports as long as Ukraine keep its promise to pay back the country's debt until 2005. However, since Ukraine's integration with the United States and its Western Allies by asking to become part of North Atlantic Treaty Organization and European Union state members, it refused to pay its high gas debts to Russia. This situation made Russia feels threatened towards its national security where there will be a possibility to the fall of Russian political influence in Ukraine. In 2006, Russia decided to implement its coercive diplomacy actions towards Ukraine through politicizing its gas sector.

Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity, Dec 12, 2018

This paper deals with the implementation of China's Defense Policy in Sino-Myanmar Defense Cooper... more This paper deals with the implementation of China's Defense Policy in Sino-Myanmar Defense Cooperation to bolster China' sphere of influence in the Indian Ocean from 2013-2017. The rise of China has been viewed as a great phenomenon in the global political, economic and security realm, particularly in this 21st century. This rise has led China became the second biggest economy and also the strongest military in the world. This situation however pushed China to fulfill the increasing demand of energy and to seek for the alternative route. By sharing 2,204 kilometers of its border with China and having direct access to the Indian Ocean, Myanmar becomes a land bridge to get the access to Indian Ocean. Myanmar locates on tri-junction Southeast, South and East Asia and very abundance with natural resources. In the context of "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI), China has implemented its defense policy through the economic and military cooperation with Myanmar. This study therefore explains the implementation of China's defense policy in Sino-Myanmar defense cooperation to strengthening its position in the Indian Ocean in the search for stronger influence in the region. This research is using qualitative method qualitative research. The review of theories, literatures and previous research findings are the basic sources to form a research design and data analysis from both primary and secondary sources. This study found that China utilized its economic and defense cooperation with Myanmar to spread its hegemonic power in the region.

Jurnal hubungan internasional, 2016

Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengelaborasikan pentingnya Poros Maritim Dunia yang diterapkan oleh ... more Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengelaborasikan pentingnya Poros Maritim Dunia yang diterapkan oleh Indonesia dan posisi strategis kawasan Indo-Pasifik dalam hubungan internasional saat ini. Indo-Pasifik muncul menjadi salah satu teater yang signifikan dalam jalur perhubungan laut dunia atau Sea Lanes of Communications (SLOCs). Sebagai negara pantai yang ekonominya sedang berkembang, Indonesia sangat tergantung kepada SLOCs di Indo-Pasifik. Terlebih, Indonesia juga membutuhkan suplai yang stabil dalam sumber daya minyak dan gas dari negara teluk yang melewati Indo-Pasifik. Gangguan yang terjadi pada sumber daya tersebut akan mengakibatkan ancaman pada keamanan energi di Indonesia, yang berimbas pada ancaman keamanan. Indonesia selama ini telah aktif dalam menjaga keamanan di salah satu SLOC yang vital yaitu Selat Malaka. Artikel ini juga mengelaborasikan Poros Maritim Dunia yang diwacanakan oleh Presiden Jokowi guna menjaga keamanan seluruh Indo-Pasifik, tidak hanya di Asia Tenggara. Kata kunci: keamanan maritim, poros maritime, SLOCs, jalur perhubungan laut.

Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity, Dec 31, 2022

Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) has provided a roadmap for realizing Indonesia's maritime security ... more Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) has provided a roadmap for realizing Indonesia's maritime security and sovereignty with an active contribution regionally and globally. The research method used in this research is content analysis, which is an approach in qualitative research that in research that refers to systematic data and text collections that can be managed to support the research itself. The rise of transnational maritime crime has a major impact on why Indonesia and Australia are keen on building trust through maritime cooperation, for it has the potential to disrupt and threaten national development, therefore this research aims to the mapped diplomatic mechanism through GMF, as a framework that hostess Indonesia-Australia Maritime Cooperation and its plan of actions in ensuring Indonesia's maritime security and sovereignty. The maritime cooperation between Indonesia and Australia has improved the integrated defense and security capabilities of both countries through capacity building, although the plan of action will end in 2022, therefore harnessing the longevity of the maritime cooperation is considered crucial.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2018

Along with economic development of a country, the sphere of the national interests are automatica... more Along with economic development of a country, the sphere of the national interests are automatically cultivates. China, with the rapid economy development, has been undergoing military modernization in order to protect their national interests better. Indo-Pacific region as one of the most crucial region in the world, dynamically, has been evolved into major powers countries' favorite region particularly the maritime sector. Australia, which located inside the Indo-Pacific region as well as the one that puts most of the national interests in the region, has been aware that China's military modernization can not be fully perceived as "peaceful rise" due to uncertain future circumstances. The purpose of this research is to examine the maritime defense strategy response of Australia regarding China's military modernization in Indo-Pacific region. This research provides further explanation regarding Australia's standpoint in Indo-Pacific region, China's military modernization and the sphere of influence in Indo-Pacific, and most importantly-the analysis of Australia's implementation of the maritime defense strategy in responding China's military modernization in the region.

Jurnal hubungan internasional, Apr 1, 2017

Poros Maritim Dunia menjadi landasan penting politik luar negeri dan dalam negeri Indonesia pada ... more Poros Maritim Dunia menjadi landasan penting politik luar negeri dan dalam negeri Indonesia pada masa kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo. Indonesia dibayangkan sebagai kekuatan maritim regional yang mampu menjaga keamanan di wilayah maritimnya sendiri dan wilayah Indo-Pasifik. Ini menunjukkan ambisi Indonesia yang menginginkan peningkatan ekonomi dari sektor maritim. Poros Maritim Dunia bentukan Presiden Joko Widodo telah berjalan selama tiga tahun. Meskipun dapat dilihat pembangunan secara fisik yang luar biasa, akan tetapi pembangunan kesadaran maritim atau MDA masih kurang diperhatikan. Sebagai dasar dari kebijakan maritim, menjadi penting bagi Indonesia untuk memastikan kapasitas pembangunan MDA yang memadai guna memberikan arah pemangku kepentingan dalam mengalokasikan dan memprioritaskan sumber daya. Tulisan ini membangun sebuah kerangka MDA untuk mengevaluasi pembangunan MDA Indonesia di tiga level: strategis, operasional, dan teknis. Kerangka ini mengidentifikasi tiga permasalahan, antara lain kurangnya kapasitas untuk mengadakan operasional MDA yang berkelanjutan, kurangnya koordinasi antar agensi, serta permasalahan pemahaman mengenai kemaritiman. Pada bagian akhir, tulisan ini memberikan beberapa rekomendasi yang bertujuan meningkatkan kapasitas Indonesia untuk membangun MDA. Kata kunci: Kewaspadaan Lingkungan Maritim, Poros Maritim Dunia, kebijakan maritim Indonesia, keamanan maritim, pembangunan angkatan laut.

International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, May 30, 2023

National Interest is the core of a country's foreign policy. Policymakers use the concept of nati... more National Interest is the core of a country's foreign policy. Policymakers use the concept of national interest to formulate foreign policy and refer as a starting point to consider any step they take for the sake of their country; these include defending, maintaining, or developing anything perceived as national interest. In the past few years, Australia has shown that it has a grand agenda in the Indo-Pacific region and positioned itself as the regional epicenter by utilizing its national power through the instrument of DIME, including and not limited to Diplomatic, Informational, Military, and Economic power. This paper tries to connect the main concept of international relations and Australian openness in articulating its foreign policy through a descriptive qualitative method. The author analyzes it through the elements of foreign policy that consist of Ends (National Interest), Means (Foreign Policy Instrument), and Ways (Foreign Policy Options). This paper briefly reflects on how the elements structured Australian foreign policy to strive for regional security, stability, and prosperity. The paper concludes that the regional strategic engagement is conducted through various courses of action as the Australian commitment to maintaining a rules-based order.

Journal of international studies, Dec 30, 2021

Jindal Journal of International Affairs, Jul 1, 2019

The security environment surrounding Japan has become more severe as North Korea continued to dev... more The security environment surrounding Japan has become more severe as North Korea continued to develop its nuclear arsenal. Additionally, China's military development within Japan's surroundings has also increased the security dilemma in East Asia, galvanizing Japan to respond to the contingencies accordingly. As North Korea and China were known to cooperate closely in developing North's nuclear arsenal, Japan which is geographically close to North Korea and has been one of its missile targets, responded militarily to protect its mainland from future nuclear aggressions. To that end, Japan has endeavored to increase its ballistic missile defense capability through strengthening its alliance with the United States, Japan's strategic ally since the end of World War II. This research elucidates Japan's national strategy and defense policy in response to North Korea's ballistic missile threat, and how Japan cooperates with the United States in building its ballistic missile defense capability under the Japan-U.S. Alliance.

Andalas journal of international studies, Nov 30, 2020

Analyzing the elements of Foreign Policy: Australia’s Foreign Policy Towards Indo – Pacific Region, A study case, 2023

National Interest is the core of a country's foreign policy. Policymakers use the concept of nati... more National Interest is the core of a country's foreign policy. Policymakers use the concept of national interest to formulate foreign policy and refer as a starting point to consider any step they take for the sake of their country; these include defending, maintaining, or developing anything perceived as national interest. In the past few years, Australia has shown that it has a grand agenda in the Indo-Pacific region and positioned itself as the regional epicenter by utilizing its national power through the instrument of DIME, including and not limited to Diplomatic, Informational, Military, and Economic power. This paper tries to connect the main concept of international relations and Australian openness in articulating its foreign policy through a descriptive qualitative method. The author analyzes it through the elements of foreign policy that consist of Ends (National Interest), Means (Foreign Policy Instrument), and Ways (Foreign Policy Options). This paper briefly reflects on how the elements structured Australian foreign policy to strive for regional security, stability, and prosperity. The paper concludes that the regional strategic engagement is conducted through various courses of action as the Australian commitment to maintaining a rules-based order.

Multidisciplinary Reviews, Aug 24, 2023

Russia-Georgia relations had been declining since Georgia first voiced its intention for NATO mem... more Russia-Georgia relations had been declining since Georgia first voiced its intention for NATO membership in 2005 which later escalated into a war in 2008. Despite being victorious in the 2008 Russo-Georgian Five-Day War, the shortcomings of the Russian Armed Forces that were exposed during the war had led the country towards its "New Look" military reform announced months after the war. Many International Relations scholar draw a connection between the reform and Russia's increasing assertiveness marked by the Crimean annexation and Russia's involvement in Syria. This piece will then try to understand how Russian military performance in the 2008 war led to Russia's most rigorous military reform, and more importantly, how did Russia implement its "New Look" reform during 2008 until 2013. Russia had underwent far reaching efforts and goals to transform the armed forces into combat-ready forces but had also faced challenges in modernizing its weaponry system, in increasing the quality and professionalism of its forces.

Jindal Journal of International Affairs, Dec 1, 2020

This article seeks to explain the importance of the broader Red Sea arena and what national inter... more This article seeks to explain the importance of the broader Red Sea arena and what national interests China particularly owns within that specific region. China has been making its presence felt in the region, in the past few years, especially after Beijing decided to establish its very first foreign naval base in Djibouti. This research paper shows that the specific region holds significance in economic, security, and political dimensions. That being said, China's national interests in this study are further classified into geoeconomic, geo-security, and geo-political dimensions. Through the theoretical framework of national interest, maritime security, and foreign policy, this study will explain what makes this broader Red Sea arena important and how it is related with China's expanding national interests surrounding the said region. The paper concludes that China's global presence in the broader Red Sea arena can be justified based on the importance that the mentioned region holds as well as China's expanding global interests which already exceed Beijing's national territory itself. In that sense, maritime security has also become an important aspect to identify China's behaviour in the region. The confirmation of such a conclusion is drawn from China's several foreign policy initiatives, executed to protect and secure its own interests.

Journal of ASEAN Studies, Jul 31, 2014

The policy was introduced by the U.S. President Barack Obama early in his first administration in... more The policy was introduced by the U.S. President Barack Obama early in his first administration in 2010, marked specific changing to the U.S. foreign policy like never before. The U.S. continuously views South and South East Asia, including the Indian Ocean, as a crucial driver for America's economic growth and prosperity throughout the 21st century. Numerous numbers of cooperation and partnership have been done to enhance the ties between the U.S. and the regions. The U.S. presence and involvement in most essential regional meetings and summits can also be seen as an effort to seek opportunities, politically, economically, as well as security. This article tries to analyze how the U.S. rebalance towards Asia policy, a term used for the U.S.' foreign policy influenced the regional stability in Asia-Pacific region.

Journal of ASEAN Studies, Apr 25, 2017

The security environment in East Asia has continuously evolved, particularly concerning China's m... more The security environment in East Asia has continuously evolved, particularly concerning China's maritime expansion and North Korea's provocative behavior. Japan, with its military that is being limited by its pacifist Constitution, has been steadily shifting its defense policy to respond to its strategic environment for its past three Prime Ministers: Naoto Kan, Yoshihiko Noda, and Shinzo Abe. Historical enmities, military capability, as well as territorial disputes have increased the threats from Japan's neighbors to Tokyo's national security. Since 2010, Japan has established a National Defense Program Guideline (NDPG), shifted its defense strategy from the Basic Defense Force (kibanteki boei ryoko) to Dynamic Defense Force (doeki boei ryoko), revised its Three Principles on Arms Exports, created the National Security Council (NSC), the National Security Strategy (NSS), and the Medium Term Defense Program (MDTP), as well as reinterpreted the Article 9 of its pacifist Constitution. While the NSC, NSS, MDTP, and Article 9 are conducted under the Abe administration, the claim that the steps Abe has undertaken to be revolutionary is misleading, as they are in fact a continuity from his predecessors despite coming from opposing political backgrounds. Despite of several significant changes in its defense policy, Japan still abides to its Constitution and its military is still limited.

Global Strategis, Dec 15, 2017

The worsening of technical and safety condition of the pipeline infrastructure in Ukraine due to ... more The worsening of technical and safety condition of the pipeline infrastructure in Ukraine due to economic crisis following the end of the Cold War had driven Russia to provide compensation to Ukraine through applying subsidy on its gas price and paying the Ukrainian gas imports as long as Ukraine keep its promise to pay back the country's debt until 2005. However, since Ukraine's integration with the United States and its Western Allies by asking to become part of North Atlantic Treaty Organization and European Union state members, it refused to pay its high gas debts to Russia. This situation made Russia feels threatened towards its national security where there will be a possibility to the fall of Russian political influence in Ukraine. In 2006, Russia decided to implement its coercive diplomacy actions towards Ukraine through politicizing its gas sector.

Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity, Dec 12, 2018

This paper deals with the implementation of China's Defense Policy in Sino-Myanmar Defense Cooper... more This paper deals with the implementation of China's Defense Policy in Sino-Myanmar Defense Cooperation to bolster China' sphere of influence in the Indian Ocean from 2013-2017. The rise of China has been viewed as a great phenomenon in the global political, economic and security realm, particularly in this 21st century. This rise has led China became the second biggest economy and also the strongest military in the world. This situation however pushed China to fulfill the increasing demand of energy and to seek for the alternative route. By sharing 2,204 kilometers of its border with China and having direct access to the Indian Ocean, Myanmar becomes a land bridge to get the access to Indian Ocean. Myanmar locates on tri-junction Southeast, South and East Asia and very abundance with natural resources. In the context of "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI), China has implemented its defense policy through the economic and military cooperation with Myanmar. This study therefore explains the implementation of China's defense policy in Sino-Myanmar defense cooperation to strengthening its position in the Indian Ocean in the search for stronger influence in the region. This research is using qualitative method qualitative research. The review of theories, literatures and previous research findings are the basic sources to form a research design and data analysis from both primary and secondary sources. This study found that China utilized its economic and defense cooperation with Myanmar to spread its hegemonic power in the region.

Jurnal hubungan internasional, 2016

Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengelaborasikan pentingnya Poros Maritim Dunia yang diterapkan oleh ... more Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengelaborasikan pentingnya Poros Maritim Dunia yang diterapkan oleh Indonesia dan posisi strategis kawasan Indo-Pasifik dalam hubungan internasional saat ini. Indo-Pasifik muncul menjadi salah satu teater yang signifikan dalam jalur perhubungan laut dunia atau Sea Lanes of Communications (SLOCs). Sebagai negara pantai yang ekonominya sedang berkembang, Indonesia sangat tergantung kepada SLOCs di Indo-Pasifik. Terlebih, Indonesia juga membutuhkan suplai yang stabil dalam sumber daya minyak dan gas dari negara teluk yang melewati Indo-Pasifik. Gangguan yang terjadi pada sumber daya tersebut akan mengakibatkan ancaman pada keamanan energi di Indonesia, yang berimbas pada ancaman keamanan. Indonesia selama ini telah aktif dalam menjaga keamanan di salah satu SLOC yang vital yaitu Selat Malaka. Artikel ini juga mengelaborasikan Poros Maritim Dunia yang diwacanakan oleh Presiden Jokowi guna menjaga keamanan seluruh Indo-Pasifik, tidak hanya di Asia Tenggara. Kata kunci: keamanan maritim, poros maritime, SLOCs, jalur perhubungan laut.

Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity, Dec 31, 2022

Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) has provided a roadmap for realizing Indonesia's maritime security ... more Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) has provided a roadmap for realizing Indonesia's maritime security and sovereignty with an active contribution regionally and globally. The research method used in this research is content analysis, which is an approach in qualitative research that in research that refers to systematic data and text collections that can be managed to support the research itself. The rise of transnational maritime crime has a major impact on why Indonesia and Australia are keen on building trust through maritime cooperation, for it has the potential to disrupt and threaten national development, therefore this research aims to the mapped diplomatic mechanism through GMF, as a framework that hostess Indonesia-Australia Maritime Cooperation and its plan of actions in ensuring Indonesia's maritime security and sovereignty. The maritime cooperation between Indonesia and Australia has improved the integrated defense and security capabilities of both countries through capacity building, although the plan of action will end in 2022, therefore harnessing the longevity of the maritime cooperation is considered crucial.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2018

Along with economic development of a country, the sphere of the national interests are automatica... more Along with economic development of a country, the sphere of the national interests are automatically cultivates. China, with the rapid economy development, has been undergoing military modernization in order to protect their national interests better. Indo-Pacific region as one of the most crucial region in the world, dynamically, has been evolved into major powers countries' favorite region particularly the maritime sector. Australia, which located inside the Indo-Pacific region as well as the one that puts most of the national interests in the region, has been aware that China's military modernization can not be fully perceived as "peaceful rise" due to uncertain future circumstances. The purpose of this research is to examine the maritime defense strategy response of Australia regarding China's military modernization in Indo-Pacific region. This research provides further explanation regarding Australia's standpoint in Indo-Pacific region, China's military modernization and the sphere of influence in Indo-Pacific, and most importantly-the analysis of Australia's implementation of the maritime defense strategy in responding China's military modernization in the region.

To Infinity and Beyond: Cosmopolitanism in International Relations, 2019

This spirit of universalism that is embedded deeply in cosmopolitanism can be seen also in the an... more This spirit of universalism that is embedded deeply in cosmopolitanism can be seen also in the ancient spirituality of human civilizations, especially Stoic tradition from ancient Greece, Yoga from India and Zen from Japan. The basic purpose of their teaching is to help a person to understand his or her true nature as the citizen of the universe, before other social identities, such as race, ethnic, gender and profession come to the picture.