Atle Heskestad | NTNU - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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Papers by Atle Heskestad
Fire Safety Science, 1994
By use of test data from the Cone Calorimeter bench scale test and two full scale fire tests (IS0... more By use of test data from the Cone Calorimeter bench scale test and two full scale fire tests (IS0 Room Corner Test and CSTB Room Fire Test), relationships between smoke test data for the two scales were investigated. The study was based on test results for 38 products. Bench scale and full scale smoke production were normalized to either area burnt, mass loss or heat release and then compared. The most interesting parameter was smoke production per heat release, and for the products tested in the CSTB Room Fire Test there was found good correlation and a correlation coefficient of 0.99. It was shown that smoke production in full scale was only about 45-60% of what was found in bench scale, and this is probably due to secondary combustion which occurs in the hot smoke layer. Before a secondary combustion occurs, the room fire is ventilation controlled and can produce more smoke than is found in bench scale. Thus the full scale fire influence smoke production in a way that may hinder relationship between bench scale and full scale smoke parameters. Full scale smoke test data from the IS0 Room Corner Test were difficult to calculate, due to problems with finding the net heat release from the burnt products and the estimated burnt area. A one-to-one relationship between bench scale and full scale for the average effective heat of combustion (~h , , ,~) was found and the plot obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Since direct mass loss measurements are not done in these full scale tests the smoke extinction area (SEA) is actually identical to smoke produced per heat release (TSPtTHR).
Fire Technology, 2014
This article discusses how the concepts of safety level and safety margin have been approached in... more This article discusses how the concepts of safety level and safety margin have been approached in recognized peer-reviewed journals within the field of fire safety science. The aim is to explore the scientific efforts that have been made to advocate principles for dimensioning fire safety arrangements in buildings. We restrict our discussion to novel buildings in the sense of lack of similar constructions with relevant long term experience. Due to increasing complexity in buildings, infrastructures, technical systems and society in general, we argue that traditional fire safety science based on natural science principles alone is severely limited. We argue that fire safety and safety margins are emergent properties of socio-technical systems that need to be managed rather than verified. The search for objectivity and mechanistic decision criteria is futile and diverts attention from the main purpose of engineering: to guide decisions during the whole design process and thus enable safe operation. An adapted framework for fire safety engineering is proposed, built around traditional fire safety engineering principles, and founded on constructivist systems theory. The focus is observable quantities and how these quantities can be managed during design and operation of a building project. The framework eases the involvement of stakeholders who are required to consider the safety aspects of the building design. The end goal of fire safety design in our framework is the development of a fire safety control structure that must be enforced to keep systems in a safe state, in which safety margins are deemed sufficient.
Fire and Materials, 1999
The combustion conditions in the ISO Room Corner Fire Test make it possible to predict full scale... more The combustion conditions in the ISO Room Corner Fire Test make it possible to predict full scale smoke production by use of prediction models and bench scale 5re test data procured by the ISO Cone Calorimeter Fire Test. The full scale smoke production is governed by the type of material burning only if the rate of heat release is less
Space Safety is No Accident, 2015
Fire Safety Science, 1994
By use of test data from the Cone Calorimeter bench scale test and two full scale fire tests (IS0... more By use of test data from the Cone Calorimeter bench scale test and two full scale fire tests (IS0 Room Corner Test and CSTB Room Fire Test), relationships between smoke test data for the two scales were investigated. The study was based on test results for 38 products. Bench scale and full scale smoke production were normalized to either area burnt, mass loss or heat release and then compared. The most interesting parameter was smoke production per heat release, and for the products tested in the CSTB Room Fire Test there was found good correlation and a correlation coefficient of 0.99. It was shown that smoke production in full scale was only about 45-60% of what was found in bench scale, and this is probably due to secondary combustion which occurs in the hot smoke layer. Before a secondary combustion occurs, the room fire is ventilation controlled and can produce more smoke than is found in bench scale. Thus the full scale fire influence smoke production in a way that may hinder relationship between bench scale and full scale smoke parameters. Full scale smoke test data from the IS0 Room Corner Test were difficult to calculate, due to problems with finding the net heat release from the burnt products and the estimated burnt area. A one-to-one relationship between bench scale and full scale for the average effective heat of combustion (~h , , ,~) was found and the plot obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Since direct mass loss measurements are not done in these full scale tests the smoke extinction area (SEA) is actually identical to smoke produced per heat release (TSPtTHR).
Fire Technology, 2014
This article discusses how the concepts of safety level and safety margin have been approached in... more This article discusses how the concepts of safety level and safety margin have been approached in recognized peer-reviewed journals within the field of fire safety science. The aim is to explore the scientific efforts that have been made to advocate principles for dimensioning fire safety arrangements in buildings. We restrict our discussion to novel buildings in the sense of lack of similar constructions with relevant long term experience. Due to increasing complexity in buildings, infrastructures, technical systems and society in general, we argue that traditional fire safety science based on natural science principles alone is severely limited. We argue that fire safety and safety margins are emergent properties of socio-technical systems that need to be managed rather than verified. The search for objectivity and mechanistic decision criteria is futile and diverts attention from the main purpose of engineering: to guide decisions during the whole design process and thus enable safe operation. An adapted framework for fire safety engineering is proposed, built around traditional fire safety engineering principles, and founded on constructivist systems theory. The focus is observable quantities and how these quantities can be managed during design and operation of a building project. The framework eases the involvement of stakeholders who are required to consider the safety aspects of the building design. The end goal of fire safety design in our framework is the development of a fire safety control structure that must be enforced to keep systems in a safe state, in which safety margins are deemed sufficient.
Fire and Materials, 1999
The combustion conditions in the ISO Room Corner Fire Test make it possible to predict full scale... more The combustion conditions in the ISO Room Corner Fire Test make it possible to predict full scale smoke production by use of prediction models and bench scale 5re test data procured by the ISO Cone Calorimeter Fire Test. The full scale smoke production is governed by the type of material burning only if the rate of heat release is less
Space Safety is No Accident, 2015