Edna Goncalves | Instituto Federal Farroupilha - Campus Santo Augusto (original) (raw)

Papers by Edna Goncalves

Salão de Iniciação …, Jan 1, 2007

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2005

It was evaluated beef heifers performance from three until twelve months of age, when they were r... more It was evaluated beef heifers performance from three until twelve months of age, when they were reared in cultivated pasture soon after their weaning (experiment 1) and in the first winter post-weaning (experiment 2), with or without the supply of energy supplements to the animals. From 02/16 to 04/21/2001, the heifers stayed in Pearl Millet pasture, exclusively under grazing (PAST1); supplemented with milled corn grain (PAST1/C) or supplemented with pellet citric pulp (PAST1/P). From 07/13 to 10/09/2001, the heifers were maintained in oat plus italian ryegrass pasture without supplementation to the animals (PAST2); supplemented with milled corn grain (PAST2/C) or supplemented with soy hull (PAST2/H). The evaluated variables of animal performance were live weight (LW), average daily gain (ADG) and body condition score (BCS). In the experiment 1, supplemented animals presented larger values of final LW, ADG and BCS in relation to the non supplemented, ones the supplemented treatments not differing to each other. In experiment 2, the soy hull supplemented heifers showed greater ADG and final LW than non supplemented heifers, with the corn grain supplemented group in an intermediary position. The highest BCS was obtained by the animals of PAST2/H, followed by PAST2/C and, at last, of PAST2. Beef heifers weaned at 60-90 days should be supplemented in the initial post-weaning period, enabling them to reach satisfactory development in this phase of growth. The by-products citric pulp and soy hull can substitute the corn grain as energy supplements for rearing of beef heifers.

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2009

The experiment was conduced to evaluate the effect of different native pasture structures, repres... more The experiment was conduced to evaluate the effect of different native pasture structures, represented by four sward heights (4, 8 12 and 16 cm) on defoliation and selectivity patterns of calves and ewes, in 45-minute grazing tests. A completely randomized design with four treatments and two replicates in time and space were used. Sward structure was characterized by sward height, herbage mass, leaf blade mass, herbage bulk density, leaf blade bulk density, and number and length of fully-emerged and emerging leaves. Forty tillers were marked in each experimental unit to determine the number and length of leaf blade. Defoliation and selectivity patterns were evaluated by defoliation probability and by passive selectively (PS) and active selectively (AS) indexes. A positive correlation between sward height and herbage mass, and negative between sward height and herbage bulk density were observed. Above 4 cm, leaf blade was almost exclusive, meaning optimal conditions for herbage intake by the animals. A reduction in the defoliation probability was observed with increasing sward height due to a lower stocking rate/available forage relationship. PS and AS were negatively affected by sward height. PS did not differ between calves and ewes, and above 6.7 cm, animals consumed less emerging leaf blade in relation to fully-emerged leaf blade. However, it did not mean that animals fail to select leaf blade, since AS remained above reference value 1 for both animal species. Ewes differed from calves in terms of AS. The increase in sward height affects the opportunity of animals to find emerging leaf blade, however, they selected younger leaf blade in the attempt to obtain a better food quality. Ewes selected emerging leaf blade more effectively than calves.

Ciência Rural, Jan 1, 2003

The experiment was carried out in an area of the Department of Animal Science of the Universidade... more The experiment was carried out in an area of the Department of Animal Science of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil to evaluate the effect of defoliation frequency in the morphogenic characteristics of Pennisetum americanum when used or not supplementation to the animals in grazing, during the period of 02/20 - 03/08/01 and 03/11 - 03/01/01. Beef heifers under continuous grazing were adjusted to a variable stocking rate in order to maintain an herbage allowance of 12kg of DM.100kg-1 of live weight. The technique of marked tillers was used to evaluate the growth dynamics of the pasture. The experimental design was completely randomized with 36 repetitions, to analyse the following treatments: Pearl Millet pasture without supplementation; Pearl Millet pasture + 1% of the live weight with citric pulp and Pearl Millet pasture + 1% of the live weight with corn. The pasture variables evaluated were: leaves appearance rate, leaves elongation rate, leaves lifespan and defoliation frequency. On the average of the two periods, defoliation frequency didn't differ between treatments, with an average of 23% of leaves defoliated.tiller-1.day-1. Leaves appearance rate (0.187 leaves.tiller-1.day-1) and leaves elongation rate (24mm/tiller/day) were higher (P<0.05) when using supplement. Leaves lifespan of supplemented treatments was 295.8 degree-day. While in the treatment without supplementation, this value was of 339 degree-day. Use of the supplementation with corn or citric pulp for beef heifers didn't affect the defoliation frequency, conditioning positive responses in morphogenetic characteristics. Selection of better quality forage can cause the reduction of young leaves, damaging plant growth.

RPG rev. pos-grad, Jan 1, 2007

Ciência Rural, Jan 1, 2003

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2011

Salão de Iniciação …, Jan 1, 2005

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2008

It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (100 and 200 kg/ha of N as urea) on the com... more It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (100 and 200 kg/ha of N as urea) on the components of forage production of an improved native pasture with 3.12 ha (paddocks - 0.52 ha). Control areas without application of N were used, using a complete block design with two replications. Paddocks were grazed by lambs in a continuous stocking and variable stocking rate to keep forage allowance of 16% LW. In spring of 2004, pasture was uniformly fertilized with 250 kg/ha of 5-20-20 and N doses were applied during experimental period (summer 2005). Total forage on offer and rate of forage disappearance were not affected by treatments nor the periods of evaluation. Total herbage mass diminished significantly with time and was affected by N doses as function of the accumulation verified prior to the experimental period. All other studied variables showed no significant effect of N due to water deficit. There was no herbage accumulation during the first part of experimental period and accumulation rate only became positive in the last half period. As consequence, herbage height and herbage mass diminished significantly with time. Green forage mass showed inverse behaviour in relation to dead material percentage. The quadratic response of this later component was initially characterized by high values that diminished by the final period with the reestablishment of normal rainfall. By this reason, the green forage allowance was very low and interacted in time with N doses. Volumetric density presented low values when compared to values previously observed in this kind of pasture. However, a tendency for higher values was verified at the end of the observations period. The herbage height and herbage mass presented high correlation (r = 0.87) indicating that herbage height can be a good estimator of herbage mass, in these conditions. In the situation of water deficit, nitrogen fertilization does not contribute to the expression of more intense responses of the studied variables.

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2009

Aiming to evaluate the influence of native pasture structure in the intake process of grazing ewe... more Aiming to evaluate the influence of native pasture structure in the intake process of grazing ewes and calves, four sward heights (4, 8, 12 and 16 cm) were established. A completely randomized design with four treatments and two replicates in time and space was used. Bite mass and forage intake were estimated by the short-term weight changes technique, corrected for the rate of insensible weight loss, during a 45 minutes test. The grazing and mastication jaw movements were registered by the IGER Behaviour Recorder device. Bite depth was obtained through 40 tillers marked in each experimental unit, by measurements carried before and after grazing. A positive correlation was observed between sward height and herbage mass, and negative between sward height and herbage bulk density. Bite depth fitted positively and linearly with increasing sward height, being not different between animal species. Ewe bite mass increased with increasing sward height up to 9.5 cm, then decreasing due to the low bulk density in the superior stratum. The same response was observed with calves, but bite mass reached a plateau only at 11.4 cm sward height. Bite rate decreased and mastication rate increased with increasing bite mass. Intake rate was greater at the sward height in which bite mass was also superior, indicating the positive correlation between these two variables. Under those conditions, to optimize the intake of sheep and calves, in native pasture, the ideal structure for management requires the maintenance of sward heights between 9.5 and 11.4 cm.

Revista Brasileira de …

DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals, SPARC Europe Award 2009 English. Free, full text, quality... more DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals, SPARC Europe Award 2009 English. Free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals, covering all subjects and many languages. ...

Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia-brazilian Journal of Animal Science, Jan 1, 2008

It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (100 and 200 kg/ha of N as urea) on the com... more It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (100 and 200 kg/ha of N as urea) on the components of forage production of an improved native pasture with 3.12 ha (paddocks - 0.52 ha). Control areas without application of N were used, using a complete block design with two replications. Paddocks were grazed by lambs in a continuous stocking and variable stocking rate to keep forage allowance of 16% LW. In spring of 2004, pasture was uniformly fertilized with 250 kg/ha of 5-20-20 and N doses were applied during experimental period (summer 2005). Total forage on offer and rate of forage disappearance were not affected by treatments nor the periods of evaluation. Total herbage mass diminished significantly with time and was affected by N doses as function of the accumulation verified prior to the experimental period. All other studied variables showed no significant effect of N due to water deficit. There was no herbage accumulation during the first part of experimental period and accumulation rate only became positive in the last half period. As consequence, herbage height and herbage mass diminished significantly with time. Green forage mass showed inverse behaviour in relation to dead material percentage. The quadratic response of this later component was initially characterized by high values that diminished by the final period with the reestablishment of normal rainfall. By this reason, the green forage allowance was very low and interacted in time with N doses. Volumetric density presented low values when compared to values previously observed in this kind of pasture. However, a tendency for higher values was verified at the end of the observations period. The herbage height and herbage mass presented high correlation (r = 0.87) indicating that herbage height can be a good estimator of herbage mass, in these conditions. In the situation of water deficit, nitrogen fertilization does not contribute to the expression of more intense responses of the studied variables.

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2006

The trial was conducted to determine the influences of grazing intensity and grazing method on mo... more The trial was conducted to determine the influences of grazing intensity and grazing method on morphogenetic (leaf elongation rate, leaf appearance rate, leaf lifespan) and structural (number of green leaves, length of leaves and tiller density) traits in italian ryegrass sward. The experimental treatments stemmed from a 2 x 2 factorial combination of two grazing intensities and two grazing methods (continuous and rotational). The experimental design was completely randomized block with four replications. Thirty tillers were marked per experimental unit. The grazing intensity brought about differences in the morphogenic and structural traits of the sward. Low grazing intensity resulted in higher leaf elongation rate and in lower tiller density, higher length of leaves and higher number of live leaves per tiller. The grazing methods influenced the morphogenetic and structural traits. Continuous grazing resulted in higher leaf elongation rate, higher leaf appearance rate, longer leaf lifespan in the first grazing cycle, and in higher tiller density. There was a grazing intensity by grazing cycle interaction. It is concluded that grazing intensity and grazing method exert marked effect on the morphogenetic and structural traits of the grazed sward.

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2009

This study assessed how the displacement patterns and feeding station used can be affected by swa... more This study assessed how the displacement patterns and feeding station used can be affected by sward heights of 4, 8, 12 and 16 cm. A randomized complete design was used with two replication in time and space. The animals were evaluated by 45- minute grazing tests, to determine the number of bites, number of feeding stations and number of steps using counters, except for number of bites, which was registered by the IGER Behaviour Recorder device. A positive correlation was observed between sward height and herbage mass, and negative correlation between sward height and herbage bulk density. Differences between female calves and ewes were observed in all variables evaluated. The number of feeding station per minute decreased quadratically with increasing sward height. The number of bites per feeding station and time per feeding station increased quadratically with increasing sward height and were affected negatively by the lower herbage bulk density in the upper strata of the higher sward heights. Female calves, at 12 cm sward height, carried out more bites per feeding station and remained longer at each feeding station. The same behaviour was observed for ewes at 8 cm sward height. As less feeding stations were used, as a response to the previous variables, the animals walked more with slower steps. Thus, at sward heights between 8 and 12 cm the animals remained more time grazing each feeding station and covered longer distances searching for new grazing sites.

Ciência Rural, Jan 1, 2003

Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia-brazilian Journal of Animal Science, Jan 1, 2009

The experiment was conduced to evaluate the effect of different native pasture structures, repres... more The experiment was conduced to evaluate the effect of different native pasture structures, represented by four sward heights (4, 8 12 and 16 cm) on defoliation and selectivity patterns of calves and ewes, in 45-minute grazing tests. A completely randomized design with four treatments and two replicates in time and space were used. Sward structure was characterized by sward height, herbage mass, leaf blade mass, herbage bulk density, leaf blade bulk density, and number and length of fully-emerged and emerging leaves. Forty tillers were marked in each experimental unit to determine the number and length of leaf blade. Defoliation and selectivity patterns were evaluated by defoliation probability and by passive selectively (PS) and active selectively (AS) indexes. A positive correlation between sward height and herbage mass, and negative between sward height and herbage bulk density were observed. Above 4 cm, leaf blade was almost exclusive, meaning optimal conditions for herbage intake by the animals. A reduction in the defoliation probability was observed with increasing sward height due to a lower stocking rate/available forage relationship. PS and AS were negatively affected by sward height. PS did not differ between calves and ewes, and above 6.7 cm, animals consumed less emerging leaf blade in relation to fully-emerged leaf blade. However, it did not mean that animals fail to select leaf blade, since AS remained above reference value 1 for both animal species. Ewes differed from calves in terms of AS. The increase in sward height affects the opportunity of animals to find emerging leaf blade, however, they selected younger leaf blade in the attempt to obtain a better food quality. Ewes selected emerging leaf blade more effectively than calves.

Salão de Iniciação …, Jan 1, 2007

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2005

It was evaluated beef heifers performance from three until twelve months of age, when they were r... more It was evaluated beef heifers performance from three until twelve months of age, when they were reared in cultivated pasture soon after their weaning (experiment 1) and in the first winter post-weaning (experiment 2), with or without the supply of energy supplements to the animals. From 02/16 to 04/21/2001, the heifers stayed in Pearl Millet pasture, exclusively under grazing (PAST1); supplemented with milled corn grain (PAST1/C) or supplemented with pellet citric pulp (PAST1/P). From 07/13 to 10/09/2001, the heifers were maintained in oat plus italian ryegrass pasture without supplementation to the animals (PAST2); supplemented with milled corn grain (PAST2/C) or supplemented with soy hull (PAST2/H). The evaluated variables of animal performance were live weight (LW), average daily gain (ADG) and body condition score (BCS). In the experiment 1, supplemented animals presented larger values of final LW, ADG and BCS in relation to the non supplemented, ones the supplemented treatments not differing to each other. In experiment 2, the soy hull supplemented heifers showed greater ADG and final LW than non supplemented heifers, with the corn grain supplemented group in an intermediary position. The highest BCS was obtained by the animals of PAST2/H, followed by PAST2/C and, at last, of PAST2. Beef heifers weaned at 60-90 days should be supplemented in the initial post-weaning period, enabling them to reach satisfactory development in this phase of growth. The by-products citric pulp and soy hull can substitute the corn grain as energy supplements for rearing of beef heifers.

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2009

The experiment was conduced to evaluate the effect of different native pasture structures, repres... more The experiment was conduced to evaluate the effect of different native pasture structures, represented by four sward heights (4, 8 12 and 16 cm) on defoliation and selectivity patterns of calves and ewes, in 45-minute grazing tests. A completely randomized design with four treatments and two replicates in time and space were used. Sward structure was characterized by sward height, herbage mass, leaf blade mass, herbage bulk density, leaf blade bulk density, and number and length of fully-emerged and emerging leaves. Forty tillers were marked in each experimental unit to determine the number and length of leaf blade. Defoliation and selectivity patterns were evaluated by defoliation probability and by passive selectively (PS) and active selectively (AS) indexes. A positive correlation between sward height and herbage mass, and negative between sward height and herbage bulk density were observed. Above 4 cm, leaf blade was almost exclusive, meaning optimal conditions for herbage intake by the animals. A reduction in the defoliation probability was observed with increasing sward height due to a lower stocking rate/available forage relationship. PS and AS were negatively affected by sward height. PS did not differ between calves and ewes, and above 6.7 cm, animals consumed less emerging leaf blade in relation to fully-emerged leaf blade. However, it did not mean that animals fail to select leaf blade, since AS remained above reference value 1 for both animal species. Ewes differed from calves in terms of AS. The increase in sward height affects the opportunity of animals to find emerging leaf blade, however, they selected younger leaf blade in the attempt to obtain a better food quality. Ewes selected emerging leaf blade more effectively than calves.

Ciência Rural, Jan 1, 2003

The experiment was carried out in an area of the Department of Animal Science of the Universidade... more The experiment was carried out in an area of the Department of Animal Science of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil to evaluate the effect of defoliation frequency in the morphogenic characteristics of Pennisetum americanum when used or not supplementation to the animals in grazing, during the period of 02/20 - 03/08/01 and 03/11 - 03/01/01. Beef heifers under continuous grazing were adjusted to a variable stocking rate in order to maintain an herbage allowance of 12kg of DM.100kg-1 of live weight. The technique of marked tillers was used to evaluate the growth dynamics of the pasture. The experimental design was completely randomized with 36 repetitions, to analyse the following treatments: Pearl Millet pasture without supplementation; Pearl Millet pasture + 1% of the live weight with citric pulp and Pearl Millet pasture + 1% of the live weight with corn. The pasture variables evaluated were: leaves appearance rate, leaves elongation rate, leaves lifespan and defoliation frequency. On the average of the two periods, defoliation frequency didn't differ between treatments, with an average of 23% of leaves defoliated.tiller-1.day-1. Leaves appearance rate (0.187 leaves.tiller-1.day-1) and leaves elongation rate (24mm/tiller/day) were higher (P<0.05) when using supplement. Leaves lifespan of supplemented treatments was 295.8 degree-day. While in the treatment without supplementation, this value was of 339 degree-day. Use of the supplementation with corn or citric pulp for beef heifers didn't affect the defoliation frequency, conditioning positive responses in morphogenetic characteristics. Selection of better quality forage can cause the reduction of young leaves, damaging plant growth.

RPG rev. pos-grad, Jan 1, 2007

Ciência Rural, Jan 1, 2003

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2011

Salão de Iniciação …, Jan 1, 2005

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2008

It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (100 and 200 kg/ha of N as urea) on the com... more It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (100 and 200 kg/ha of N as urea) on the components of forage production of an improved native pasture with 3.12 ha (paddocks - 0.52 ha). Control areas without application of N were used, using a complete block design with two replications. Paddocks were grazed by lambs in a continuous stocking and variable stocking rate to keep forage allowance of 16% LW. In spring of 2004, pasture was uniformly fertilized with 250 kg/ha of 5-20-20 and N doses were applied during experimental period (summer 2005). Total forage on offer and rate of forage disappearance were not affected by treatments nor the periods of evaluation. Total herbage mass diminished significantly with time and was affected by N doses as function of the accumulation verified prior to the experimental period. All other studied variables showed no significant effect of N due to water deficit. There was no herbage accumulation during the first part of experimental period and accumulation rate only became positive in the last half period. As consequence, herbage height and herbage mass diminished significantly with time. Green forage mass showed inverse behaviour in relation to dead material percentage. The quadratic response of this later component was initially characterized by high values that diminished by the final period with the reestablishment of normal rainfall. By this reason, the green forage allowance was very low and interacted in time with N doses. Volumetric density presented low values when compared to values previously observed in this kind of pasture. However, a tendency for higher values was verified at the end of the observations period. The herbage height and herbage mass presented high correlation (r = 0.87) indicating that herbage height can be a good estimator of herbage mass, in these conditions. In the situation of water deficit, nitrogen fertilization does not contribute to the expression of more intense responses of the studied variables.

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2009

Aiming to evaluate the influence of native pasture structure in the intake process of grazing ewe... more Aiming to evaluate the influence of native pasture structure in the intake process of grazing ewes and calves, four sward heights (4, 8, 12 and 16 cm) were established. A completely randomized design with four treatments and two replicates in time and space was used. Bite mass and forage intake were estimated by the short-term weight changes technique, corrected for the rate of insensible weight loss, during a 45 minutes test. The grazing and mastication jaw movements were registered by the IGER Behaviour Recorder device. Bite depth was obtained through 40 tillers marked in each experimental unit, by measurements carried before and after grazing. A positive correlation was observed between sward height and herbage mass, and negative between sward height and herbage bulk density. Bite depth fitted positively and linearly with increasing sward height, being not different between animal species. Ewe bite mass increased with increasing sward height up to 9.5 cm, then decreasing due to the low bulk density in the superior stratum. The same response was observed with calves, but bite mass reached a plateau only at 11.4 cm sward height. Bite rate decreased and mastication rate increased with increasing bite mass. Intake rate was greater at the sward height in which bite mass was also superior, indicating the positive correlation between these two variables. Under those conditions, to optimize the intake of sheep and calves, in native pasture, the ideal structure for management requires the maintenance of sward heights between 9.5 and 11.4 cm.

Revista Brasileira de …

DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals, SPARC Europe Award 2009 English. Free, full text, quality... more DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals, SPARC Europe Award 2009 English. Free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals, covering all subjects and many languages. ...

Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia-brazilian Journal of Animal Science, Jan 1, 2008

It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (100 and 200 kg/ha of N as urea) on the com... more It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (100 and 200 kg/ha of N as urea) on the components of forage production of an improved native pasture with 3.12 ha (paddocks - 0.52 ha). Control areas without application of N were used, using a complete block design with two replications. Paddocks were grazed by lambs in a continuous stocking and variable stocking rate to keep forage allowance of 16% LW. In spring of 2004, pasture was uniformly fertilized with 250 kg/ha of 5-20-20 and N doses were applied during experimental period (summer 2005). Total forage on offer and rate of forage disappearance were not affected by treatments nor the periods of evaluation. Total herbage mass diminished significantly with time and was affected by N doses as function of the accumulation verified prior to the experimental period. All other studied variables showed no significant effect of N due to water deficit. There was no herbage accumulation during the first part of experimental period and accumulation rate only became positive in the last half period. As consequence, herbage height and herbage mass diminished significantly with time. Green forage mass showed inverse behaviour in relation to dead material percentage. The quadratic response of this later component was initially characterized by high values that diminished by the final period with the reestablishment of normal rainfall. By this reason, the green forage allowance was very low and interacted in time with N doses. Volumetric density presented low values when compared to values previously observed in this kind of pasture. However, a tendency for higher values was verified at the end of the observations period. The herbage height and herbage mass presented high correlation (r = 0.87) indicating that herbage height can be a good estimator of herbage mass, in these conditions. In the situation of water deficit, nitrogen fertilization does not contribute to the expression of more intense responses of the studied variables.

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2006

The trial was conducted to determine the influences of grazing intensity and grazing method on mo... more The trial was conducted to determine the influences of grazing intensity and grazing method on morphogenetic (leaf elongation rate, leaf appearance rate, leaf lifespan) and structural (number of green leaves, length of leaves and tiller density) traits in italian ryegrass sward. The experimental treatments stemmed from a 2 x 2 factorial combination of two grazing intensities and two grazing methods (continuous and rotational). The experimental design was completely randomized block with four replications. Thirty tillers were marked per experimental unit. The grazing intensity brought about differences in the morphogenic and structural traits of the sward. Low grazing intensity resulted in higher leaf elongation rate and in lower tiller density, higher length of leaves and higher number of live leaves per tiller. The grazing methods influenced the morphogenetic and structural traits. Continuous grazing resulted in higher leaf elongation rate, higher leaf appearance rate, longer leaf lifespan in the first grazing cycle, and in higher tiller density. There was a grazing intensity by grazing cycle interaction. It is concluded that grazing intensity and grazing method exert marked effect on the morphogenetic and structural traits of the grazed sward.

Revista Brasileira de …, Jan 1, 2009

This study assessed how the displacement patterns and feeding station used can be affected by swa... more This study assessed how the displacement patterns and feeding station used can be affected by sward heights of 4, 8, 12 and 16 cm. A randomized complete design was used with two replication in time and space. The animals were evaluated by 45- minute grazing tests, to determine the number of bites, number of feeding stations and number of steps using counters, except for number of bites, which was registered by the IGER Behaviour Recorder device. A positive correlation was observed between sward height and herbage mass, and negative correlation between sward height and herbage bulk density. Differences between female calves and ewes were observed in all variables evaluated. The number of feeding station per minute decreased quadratically with increasing sward height. The number of bites per feeding station and time per feeding station increased quadratically with increasing sward height and were affected negatively by the lower herbage bulk density in the upper strata of the higher sward heights. Female calves, at 12 cm sward height, carried out more bites per feeding station and remained longer at each feeding station. The same behaviour was observed for ewes at 8 cm sward height. As less feeding stations were used, as a response to the previous variables, the animals walked more with slower steps. Thus, at sward heights between 8 and 12 cm the animals remained more time grazing each feeding station and covered longer distances searching for new grazing sites.

Ciência Rural, Jan 1, 2003

Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia-brazilian Journal of Animal Science, Jan 1, 2009

The experiment was conduced to evaluate the effect of different native pasture structures, repres... more The experiment was conduced to evaluate the effect of different native pasture structures, represented by four sward heights (4, 8 12 and 16 cm) on defoliation and selectivity patterns of calves and ewes, in 45-minute grazing tests. A completely randomized design with four treatments and two replicates in time and space were used. Sward structure was characterized by sward height, herbage mass, leaf blade mass, herbage bulk density, leaf blade bulk density, and number and length of fully-emerged and emerging leaves. Forty tillers were marked in each experimental unit to determine the number and length of leaf blade. Defoliation and selectivity patterns were evaluated by defoliation probability and by passive selectively (PS) and active selectively (AS) indexes. A positive correlation between sward height and herbage mass, and negative between sward height and herbage bulk density were observed. Above 4 cm, leaf blade was almost exclusive, meaning optimal conditions for herbage intake by the animals. A reduction in the defoliation probability was observed with increasing sward height due to a lower stocking rate/available forage relationship. PS and AS were negatively affected by sward height. PS did not differ between calves and ewes, and above 6.7 cm, animals consumed less emerging leaf blade in relation to fully-emerged leaf blade. However, it did not mean that animals fail to select leaf blade, since AS remained above reference value 1 for both animal species. Ewes differed from calves in terms of AS. The increase in sward height affects the opportunity of animals to find emerging leaf blade, however, they selected younger leaf blade in the attempt to obtain a better food quality. Ewes selected emerging leaf blade more effectively than calves.