Rohan Kar - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rohan Kar

Re-establishing the comprehension of phytomedicine and nanomedicine in inflammation-mediated cancer signaling

Seminars in Cancer Biology, 2022

Review Article COLLABORATIVE ACTION OF CELL CYCLE, MOLECULAR CHAPERONES, AND UBIQUITIN PROTEASOME SYSTEM IN NEUROONCOLOGY

Abstract: The striking feature in tumor biology is uncontrolled cell proliferation and growth. An... more Abstract: The striking feature in tumor biology is uncontrolled cell proliferation and growth. Any alteration in the genetic make up may cause cell cycle deregulation that leads to aberrant cell cycle re-entry. These cascades ultimately cause cancerous situation with unwanted cell growth and division. There are several factors in cell cycle events that can lead to cancerous situations, for instance, checkpoint breach, extracellular signals, malfunctioned protein kinases, re-expression of cyclins and cyclin-CDKs complex. A crucial function of cyclin-CDK complex is phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene that inhibits its ability to regulate the action of E2F transcription factor, which induces the gene expression and thus cause cell proliferation. To maintain the cellular homeostasis under tumorous condition, a line of protective mechanism is switched on such as availability of molecular chaperones; and if repair work fails, ubiquitin proteasome system comes in action...

Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is an issue of global significance that has taken the lives... more The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is an issue of global significance that has taken the lives of many across the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for its pathogenesis. The pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been well described in the literature. Initially, it was thought to be limited to the respiratory system; however, we now recognize that COVID-19 also affects several other organs, including the nervous system. Two similar human coronaviruses (CoV) that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) are also known to cause disease in the nervous system. The neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are growing rapidly, as evidenced by several reports. There are several mechanisms responsible for such manifestations in the nervous system. For instance, post-infectious immune-mediated processes, direct virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS), and virus-induced hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable states are commonly involved. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its variants, dysfunction of taste and smell, and muscle injury are numerous examples of COVID-19 PNS (peripheral nervous system) disease. Likewise, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, encephalitis, meningitis, encephalopathy acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, endothelialitis, and venous sinus thrombosis are some instances of COVID-19 CNS disease. Due to multifactorial and complicated pathogenic mechanisms, COVID-19 poses a large-scale threat to the whole nervous system. A complete understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neurological impairments is still lacking, but our knowledge base is rapidly expanding. Therefore, we anticipate that this comprehensive review will provide valuable insights and facilitate the work of neuroscientists in unfolding different neurological dimensions of COVID-19 and other CoV associated abnormalities.

Cancer Reports, 2021

Background: Ubiquitin ligases or E3 ligases are well programmed to regulate molecular interaction... more Background: Ubiquitin ligases or E3 ligases are well programmed to regulate molecular interactions that operate at a post-translational level. Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex (or SCF complex) is a multidomain E3 ligase known to mediate the degradation of a wide range of proteins through the proteasomal pathway. The threedimensional domain architecture of SCF family proteins suggests that it operates through a novel and adaptable "super-enzymatic" process that might respond to targeted therapeutic modalities in cancer.

Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2020

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in Engli... more Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre -including this research content -immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

Genes, 2019

Notch signaling is a primitive signaling pathway having various roles in the normal origin and de... more Notch signaling is a primitive signaling pathway having various roles in the normal origin and development of each multicellular organisms. Therefore, any aberration in the pathway will inevitably lead to deadly outcomes such as cancer. It has now been more than two decades since Notch was acknowledged as an oncogene in mouse mammary tumor virus-infected mice. Since that discovery, activated Notch signaling and consequent up-regulation of tumor-promoting Notch target genes have been observed in human breast cancer. Moreover, consistent over-expression of Notch ligands and receptors has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis in human breast cancer. Notch regulates a number of key processes during breast carcinogenesis, of which, one key phenomenon is epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a key process for large-scale cell movement during morphogenesis at the time of embryonic development. Cancer cells aided by transcription factors usurp this developmental program to e...

Epigenetics and Angiogenesis in Cancer

Epigenetic Advancements in Cancer, 2016

ABSTRACT Cancer is a most common and lethal disease in which certain cells in our body grow in an... more ABSTRACT Cancer is a most common and lethal disease in which certain cells in our body grow in an uncontrolled way. The growth of new vascular network is essential for sustained growth of tumor to adequately supply nutrients and oxygen. These requirements are mainly fulfilled by formation of fresh blood vessels. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in various physiological conditions within the human body, including, embryonic development and tissue repair after trauma or surgery. Angiogenesis is a hallmark feature of cancer, inflammatory diseases, and wound healing. Different growth factors and vascular genes mediate the angiogenic process, which is regulated by epigenetic states of gene especially through small RNAs. Epigenetic modification of tumor cells includes diverse reinforcing and converging signals, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs. This chapter is focused on highlighting the role of angiogenesis in vasculogenesis process and epigenetic modifications in cancer progression. Moreover, we reported the importance of various angiogenic factors and their epigenetic modifications together with a novel therapeutic window towards the treatment of most common cancers using epigenetic regulators. Key word: Cancer, angiogenesis, epigenetic modifications, epigenetic regulators.

Role of Oxidative Stress, ER Stress and Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Neurodegeneration

MOJ Cell Science & Report, 2014

p38 MAPK and PI3K/AKT Signalling Cascades inParkinson's Disease

International journal of molecular and cellular medicine, 2015

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition which has the second larges... more Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition which has the second largest incidence rate among all other neurodegenerative disorders barring Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently there is no cure and researchers continue to probe the therapeutic prospect in cell cultures and animal models of PD. Out of the several factors contributing to PD prognosis, the role of p38 MAPK (Mitogen activated protein-kinase) and PI3K/AKT signalling module in PD brains is crucial because the impaired balance between the pro- apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathways trigger unwanted phenotypes such as microglia activation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. These factors continue challenging the brain homeostasis in initial stages thereby essentially assisting the dopaminergic (DA) neurons towards progressive degeneration in PD. Neurotherapeutics against PD shall then be targeted against the misregulated accomplices of the p38 and PI3K/AKT cascades. In this review...

Collaborative Action of Cell Cycle, Molecular Chaperones, and Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Neurooncology

ABSTRACT Abstract: The striking feature in tumor biology is uncontrolled cell proliferation and g... more ABSTRACT Abstract: The striking feature in tumor biology is uncontrolled cell proliferation and growth. Any alteration in the genetic make up may cause cell cycle deregulation that leads to aberrant cell cycle re-entry. These cascades ultimately cause cancerous situation with unwanted cell growth and division. There are several factors in cell cycle events that can lead to cancerous situations, for instance, checkpoint breach, extracellular signals, malfunctioned protein kinases, re-expression of cyclins and cyclin-CDKs complex. A crucial function of cyclin- CDK complex is phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene that inhibits its ability to regulate the action of E2F transcription factor, which induces the gene expression and thus cause cell proliferation. To maintain the cellular homeostasis under tumorous condition, a line of protective mechanism is switched on such as availability of molecular chaperones; and if repair work fails, ubiquitin proteasome system comes in action. These regulatory mechanisms are highly conserved and play a critical role in maintaining several molecular events in the brain tumor or any stress situation. Misfolded proteins in tumor tissues are either rectified by chaperone activity upto a certain threshold or follow a degradation pathway by proteolytic activity of ubiquitinproteasome system. In this review, we have highlighted an extensive explorative potential of molecular chaperones in combination with ubiquitin E3 ligase enzymes activities in brain tumors. Keywords: Cyclins; Heat shock proteins; Ubiquitin E3 ligase; Therapeutics

Stem cell: Transition from Basics to Advanced Technology

Open Biology, 2022

Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central ... more Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term ‘embryonic’ might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechani...