Biswaranjan Paital | Indian Institute of Science (original) (raw)

Uploads

Papers by Biswaranjan Paital

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Sep 14, 2023

Elsevier eBooks, 2022

The current pandemic caused by the deadly Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is called as Coronavirus Disea... more The current pandemic caused by the deadly Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is called as Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Rolling data indicate that it has affected 222 countries, areas or territories with cases, infected 77,862,704 individuals out of which 1,712,010 have died. Although, the virus has catastrophic effects, it has also indirectly nourished the nature by reducing pollution. Environmental factors such as air pollution cause diseases such as bronchitis, asthma and many other respiratory syndromes and acts as the main modulating factor for COVID-19. COVID-19 and air pollution cause mainly respiratory disorders and therefore, have intricate relations with each other. Particulate matters (PMs) have crucial contribution for air pollution. The surface areas of PM2.5 with radius (r∼1.25 µm) and PM10 (r∼5 µm) would be (using formula 4 πr2) 19.63 and 314.16 µm2, respectively. And, the diameter of SARS-CoV-2 ranges from 0.065 to 0.125 µm (average radius 0.095 µm) and would have an average surface area of ∼0.11 µm. So, theoretically, a solid PM2.5 and PM10 can carry about 95 and 2856 SARS-CoV-2 particles, respectively. Liquid PMs may carry even more virus particles as they can occupy the internal space also. So, PMs increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Probably for this reason, COVID-19 cases are very high in few countries such as India and Italy where, air pollution is more as compared to countries that experiencing low or no air pollution. Therefore, use of appropriate mask even indoors is recommended where air pollution and COVID-19 together made their common hot spots. Use of home-made masks prepared with normal fabrics that cannot not filter aerosols or PMs are highly discouraged. Plausible data are available about the association of COVID-19 with temperature and humidity. A mega study indicates that environmental temperature and humidity show negative correlation with COVID-19 infection rate although data sometimes is opposite. Similarly, SARS-CoV-2 strains are also found in water circulation system especially in water discharged bodies. Therefore, multifactorial environmental implications epically controlling air quality is important for COVID-19 pandemic.

Academia letters, Aug 18, 2021

Antioxidants are chemical or biochemical substances that are capable to prevent or slow damages o... more Antioxidants are chemical or biochemical substances that are capable to prevent or slow damages occurred to cells caused by free radicals. Free radicals are the chemical entities that are produced due to sharing of unpaired electrons and are with free existence but unstable in nature. Organism’s body produces free radicals as a reaction to environmental and other internal and external stressors. If not neutralized, free radicals can damage cellular architecture by oxidizing all bio-molecules. They are neutralized by antioxidants which are chemicals or biological in origin. Therefore, free radicals and antioxidants are simultaneously and widely discussed in the clinical and nutritional literature. Cellular or endogenous antioxidant defenses includes enzymes (superoxide dismutases, H2O2-removing enzymes such as catalase, and peroxidasses), and non-enzymes such as vitamin C (ascorbic acids, vitamin E and reduced glutathione. Diet-derived antioxidants are important in maintaining health. Many dietary compounds have been suggested to be important antioxidants: Therefore recent interest on dietary vitamins E and C, carotenoids and plant pigments, plant phenolics, especially flavonoids are growing to mauanitn human health. Experimental approaches to the optimization of antioxidant nutrient intake are already known and must be adapted for health management.

Journal of Fisheriessciences.com, 2016

Research & Reviews: Journal of Biology, 2016

Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 2015

Traces of diclofenac and its derivative compounds have been found in the carcasses of vultures ac... more Traces of diclofenac and its derivative compounds have been found in the carcasses of vultures across India and its neighboring countries, and it is known that the biomagnification of diclofenac from the consumption of infected domestic animal carcasses contributes to vulture mortality. However, reports also indicate that problems associated with their habits and habitats, food and feeding behavior, nesting and breeding, reproduction, epidemic and endemic diseases, and environmental factors, such as high temperatures and cyclones, might also be contributing factors. Adequate information is not available to confirm whether only diclofenac is the primary cause of vulture mortality versus their susceptibility to microbial pathogens, diseases or physiological conditions, such as oxidative stress due to diclofenac biomagnification. Death due to other contaminants or pollutants has also been not adequately studied. So future research may be able to determine whether the biomagnification of diclofenac and other organic/inorganic pollutants or some other factors are responsible for vulture mortalities. Further investigations into the health issues related to life cycles and pathology need to be performed to restore the sharply declining vulture populations in India and across the globe. In this context, India is ahead of other countries in adopting recovery plans for vultures, for which the rate of decline of long-billed vultures is now 16% per year compared to that of oriental whitebacked vultures which is 44% per year.

PubMed, Sep 1, 2012

Mud crabs usually inhabit brackish water bodies of South-East Asia including India. The biologica... more Mud crabs usually inhabit brackish water bodies of South-East Asia including India. The biological significance of the species is its survibility in wide range of hydro-biological fluctuating environments including salinity. The life cycle of the species includes two important larval stages at which they are vulnerable to various predators. Pathophysiological status of the species is a challenge for its aquaculture. Inspite of a huge economical and high food values, informations on biochemical, molecular, physiological, ecological and taxonomical aspects of mud crabs (Scylla sp.) in comparison to other important aquaculture candidates are very limited. The present review is an attempt to string together various informations available on mud crabs (S. serrata) so that it will provide a platform to have all the basic informations regarding the species for interested workers. It is believed that understanding the pathology, ecophysiology, genetics and reproduction of the species in its natural environment will not only help in its conservation but also will help in its enhanced production.

Utilization of oxygen in varieties of biochemical reactions especially, in mitochondrial electron... more Utilization of oxygen in varieties of biochemical reactions especially, in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) to reduce O2 to H2O in aerobic organisms, lead to produce several active oxygen molecules. So, mainly ETC acts as the main hub in producing partially reduced O2, as several active oxygen species. These intermediate molecules are commonly known as reactive oxygen species (ROS; such as superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide). ROS being highly cytotoxic in nature produce deleterious effects on biomolecules. They can oxidize biomolecules non-specifically to produce lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls and nucleic acid adducts from lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, respectively [1].

Journal of Fisheriessciences.com, 2016

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters, 2016

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Sep 1, 2013

Environmental Technology and Innovation, Aug 1, 2023

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, Sep 15, 2019

Dalton Transactions, 2020

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Aug 27, 2016

Natural population of Bufo melanostictus in response to environmental cues shows several physiolo... more Natural population of Bufo melanostictus in response to environmental cues shows several physiologic changes such as reproductive activity, hibernation, aestivation and metabolic depression in different seasons. We investigated the effects of seasonal fluctuations on oxidative stress (OS) physiology biomarkers, such as endogenous (ELPx) and induced (ILPx) lipid peroxidation, front-line redox regulatory enzymes (superoxide dismutase: SOD and catalase) and two non-enzyme antioxidant metabolites (ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione) in liver, gonad and cerebral hemisphere of toads collected from the Bhubaneswar area of India, where temperature fluctuates considerably rising to the highest in summer (∼46 °C) and being lowest in winter (<10 °C). Soil and air of the sampling site, although varying seasonally, were mostly found to be unpolluted, except for suspended particulate matter and respiratory particulate matter that were above recommended value. The magnitude of both ELPx and ILPx levels in most of the tissues, for example, ELPx in liver, cerebral hemisphere and ovary, and ILPx in liver of males and ovary, were found to be higher in rainy season in comparison to the other seasons. Nevertheless, levels of both ELPx and ILPx were low in testes in rainy season in comparison to the other two seasons. No correlation was observed between temperature and the studied OS parameters except a positive correlation with SOD and negative correlations with non-enzymatic small redox regulatory molecules in some selected tissues. Conversely, discriminant function analysis reveals a clear impact of the changing season on OS physiology of the toad. It implies that season considerably modulates OS physiology which be a reflection of the toads to abiotic pollutants alone and/or as results of metabolic changes under hibernation, aestivation and due to reproductive activities. Therefore, seasonal changes in OS physiological responses in poikilothermic models especially in toads must be cautiously used as indicators to assess environmental impact, mainly soil pollution. Results of the present study may be used as baseline data for any future analyses of the physiological impacts of environmental changes using toads as model organism.

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Sep 14, 2023

Elsevier eBooks, 2022

The current pandemic caused by the deadly Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is called as Coronavirus Disea... more The current pandemic caused by the deadly Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is called as Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Rolling data indicate that it has affected 222 countries, areas or territories with cases, infected 77,862,704 individuals out of which 1,712,010 have died. Although, the virus has catastrophic effects, it has also indirectly nourished the nature by reducing pollution. Environmental factors such as air pollution cause diseases such as bronchitis, asthma and many other respiratory syndromes and acts as the main modulating factor for COVID-19. COVID-19 and air pollution cause mainly respiratory disorders and therefore, have intricate relations with each other. Particulate matters (PMs) have crucial contribution for air pollution. The surface areas of PM2.5 with radius (r∼1.25 µm) and PM10 (r∼5 µm) would be (using formula 4 πr2) 19.63 and 314.16 µm2, respectively. And, the diameter of SARS-CoV-2 ranges from 0.065 to 0.125 µm (average radius 0.095 µm) and would have an average surface area of ∼0.11 µm. So, theoretically, a solid PM2.5 and PM10 can carry about 95 and 2856 SARS-CoV-2 particles, respectively. Liquid PMs may carry even more virus particles as they can occupy the internal space also. So, PMs increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Probably for this reason, COVID-19 cases are very high in few countries such as India and Italy where, air pollution is more as compared to countries that experiencing low or no air pollution. Therefore, use of appropriate mask even indoors is recommended where air pollution and COVID-19 together made their common hot spots. Use of home-made masks prepared with normal fabrics that cannot not filter aerosols or PMs are highly discouraged. Plausible data are available about the association of COVID-19 with temperature and humidity. A mega study indicates that environmental temperature and humidity show negative correlation with COVID-19 infection rate although data sometimes is opposite. Similarly, SARS-CoV-2 strains are also found in water circulation system especially in water discharged bodies. Therefore, multifactorial environmental implications epically controlling air quality is important for COVID-19 pandemic.

Academia letters, Aug 18, 2021

Antioxidants are chemical or biochemical substances that are capable to prevent or slow damages o... more Antioxidants are chemical or biochemical substances that are capable to prevent or slow damages occurred to cells caused by free radicals. Free radicals are the chemical entities that are produced due to sharing of unpaired electrons and are with free existence but unstable in nature. Organism’s body produces free radicals as a reaction to environmental and other internal and external stressors. If not neutralized, free radicals can damage cellular architecture by oxidizing all bio-molecules. They are neutralized by antioxidants which are chemicals or biological in origin. Therefore, free radicals and antioxidants are simultaneously and widely discussed in the clinical and nutritional literature. Cellular or endogenous antioxidant defenses includes enzymes (superoxide dismutases, H2O2-removing enzymes such as catalase, and peroxidasses), and non-enzymes such as vitamin C (ascorbic acids, vitamin E and reduced glutathione. Diet-derived antioxidants are important in maintaining health. Many dietary compounds have been suggested to be important antioxidants: Therefore recent interest on dietary vitamins E and C, carotenoids and plant pigments, plant phenolics, especially flavonoids are growing to mauanitn human health. Experimental approaches to the optimization of antioxidant nutrient intake are already known and must be adapted for health management.

Journal of Fisheriessciences.com, 2016

Research & Reviews: Journal of Biology, 2016

Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 2015

Traces of diclofenac and its derivative compounds have been found in the carcasses of vultures ac... more Traces of diclofenac and its derivative compounds have been found in the carcasses of vultures across India and its neighboring countries, and it is known that the biomagnification of diclofenac from the consumption of infected domestic animal carcasses contributes to vulture mortality. However, reports also indicate that problems associated with their habits and habitats, food and feeding behavior, nesting and breeding, reproduction, epidemic and endemic diseases, and environmental factors, such as high temperatures and cyclones, might also be contributing factors. Adequate information is not available to confirm whether only diclofenac is the primary cause of vulture mortality versus their susceptibility to microbial pathogens, diseases or physiological conditions, such as oxidative stress due to diclofenac biomagnification. Death due to other contaminants or pollutants has also been not adequately studied. So future research may be able to determine whether the biomagnification of diclofenac and other organic/inorganic pollutants or some other factors are responsible for vulture mortalities. Further investigations into the health issues related to life cycles and pathology need to be performed to restore the sharply declining vulture populations in India and across the globe. In this context, India is ahead of other countries in adopting recovery plans for vultures, for which the rate of decline of long-billed vultures is now 16% per year compared to that of oriental whitebacked vultures which is 44% per year.

PubMed, Sep 1, 2012

Mud crabs usually inhabit brackish water bodies of South-East Asia including India. The biologica... more Mud crabs usually inhabit brackish water bodies of South-East Asia including India. The biological significance of the species is its survibility in wide range of hydro-biological fluctuating environments including salinity. The life cycle of the species includes two important larval stages at which they are vulnerable to various predators. Pathophysiological status of the species is a challenge for its aquaculture. Inspite of a huge economical and high food values, informations on biochemical, molecular, physiological, ecological and taxonomical aspects of mud crabs (Scylla sp.) in comparison to other important aquaculture candidates are very limited. The present review is an attempt to string together various informations available on mud crabs (S. serrata) so that it will provide a platform to have all the basic informations regarding the species for interested workers. It is believed that understanding the pathology, ecophysiology, genetics and reproduction of the species in its natural environment will not only help in its conservation but also will help in its enhanced production.

Utilization of oxygen in varieties of biochemical reactions especially, in mitochondrial electron... more Utilization of oxygen in varieties of biochemical reactions especially, in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) to reduce O2 to H2O in aerobic organisms, lead to produce several active oxygen molecules. So, mainly ETC acts as the main hub in producing partially reduced O2, as several active oxygen species. These intermediate molecules are commonly known as reactive oxygen species (ROS; such as superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide). ROS being highly cytotoxic in nature produce deleterious effects on biomolecules. They can oxidize biomolecules non-specifically to produce lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls and nucleic acid adducts from lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, respectively [1].

Journal of Fisheriessciences.com, 2016

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters, 2016

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Sep 1, 2013

Environmental Technology and Innovation, Aug 1, 2023

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, Sep 15, 2019

Dalton Transactions, 2020

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Aug 27, 2016

Natural population of Bufo melanostictus in response to environmental cues shows several physiolo... more Natural population of Bufo melanostictus in response to environmental cues shows several physiologic changes such as reproductive activity, hibernation, aestivation and metabolic depression in different seasons. We investigated the effects of seasonal fluctuations on oxidative stress (OS) physiology biomarkers, such as endogenous (ELPx) and induced (ILPx) lipid peroxidation, front-line redox regulatory enzymes (superoxide dismutase: SOD and catalase) and two non-enzyme antioxidant metabolites (ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione) in liver, gonad and cerebral hemisphere of toads collected from the Bhubaneswar area of India, where temperature fluctuates considerably rising to the highest in summer (∼46 °C) and being lowest in winter (<10 °C). Soil and air of the sampling site, although varying seasonally, were mostly found to be unpolluted, except for suspended particulate matter and respiratory particulate matter that were above recommended value. The magnitude of both ELPx and ILPx levels in most of the tissues, for example, ELPx in liver, cerebral hemisphere and ovary, and ILPx in liver of males and ovary, were found to be higher in rainy season in comparison to the other seasons. Nevertheless, levels of both ELPx and ILPx were low in testes in rainy season in comparison to the other two seasons. No correlation was observed between temperature and the studied OS parameters except a positive correlation with SOD and negative correlations with non-enzymatic small redox regulatory molecules in some selected tissues. Conversely, discriminant function analysis reveals a clear impact of the changing season on OS physiology of the toad. It implies that season considerably modulates OS physiology which be a reflection of the toads to abiotic pollutants alone and/or as results of metabolic changes under hibernation, aestivation and due to reproductive activities. Therefore, seasonal changes in OS physiological responses in poikilothermic models especially in toads must be cautiously used as indicators to assess environmental impact, mainly soil pollution. Results of the present study may be used as baseline data for any future analyses of the physiological impacts of environmental changes using toads as model organism.