Sangeeta Srivastava | Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-ICAR) (original) (raw)

Papers by Sangeeta Srivastava

Journal of Environmental Biology, Sep 1, 2017

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Oct 8, 2020

Red rot disease is a severe disease of sugarcane that affects the crop productivity in sugarcane ... more Red rot disease is a severe disease of sugarcane that affects the crop productivity in sugarcane growing countries. In this study, resistance gene analogues (RGAs) similar to kinase resistance protein isolated from sugarcane red rot resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible genotypes were compared with wall associated receptor like kinases of various plants. The non-RD serine/threonine kinase regions were noticed in all identified sugarcane RGAs. The amino acid identity percentage among resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible sugarcane RGAs was more than 90% which indicated that conserved kinase region is present in these RGAs. However, when compared with other monocots and dicots, the identified RGAs showed much diversity in kinase region. As the RGAs of sugarcane are of non-RD serine/threonine kinase that are typically associated with immune responses in plant, the findings may be extremely useful that can be used as RGAs based marker development for resistance breeding in sugarcane.

Journal of Environmental Biology, 2017

High temperature stress has emerged as a widely occurring problem in sugarcane growing tracts, in... more High temperature stress has emerged as a widely occurring problem in sugarcane growing tracts, in general and in subtropical India, in particular, affecting growth and development of sugarcane in early pheno-phases of establishment and shoot formation. Seventy one sugarcane varieties from Peninsular, North-west, North-central and North-eastern sugarcane zones of the country were screened for their tolerance to high temperature stress. The tolerance has been assessed on the basis of drying of leaf-tips and margins (leaf injury) and rolling of leaves. Some varieties have the potential to escape high temperature stress and some other varieties were able to tolerate high temperature induced stress. Some of the varieties suffered from excessive leaf injury and leaf rolling, indicating thereby their inability to tolerate high temperature stress. The leaf rolling during formative phase of the crop showed qualitative impact on the tonnage of the crop at harvest. These varieties may further ...

Plant pathogens are chief consequent to effect crop productivity. Globally up to 40% crop lost pe... more Plant pathogens are chief consequent to effect crop productivity. Globally up to 40% crop lost per annum due to plant disease. More amount of food will be required in coming time as increasing the world's population. Disease resistance genes contribute resistance to plants against pathogens and may be economic and eco-friendly biological approach to improve crop productivity by developing disease resistant crop in compare to other methods. Several research studies underway for attaining durable and broad spectrum resistance using deployment of resistance genes include R genes and QDR genes. Generally, resistance gene analogue approach with bioinformatics tool is used to identify disease resistance gene and thousands of candidate disease resistance genes or resistance gene analogues (RGAs) identified in different plants.

Guangxi Agricultural Sciences, 2010

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

3 Biotech

The idea of doubling the farmers' income in next 5 years has been slated by the Government of Ind... more The idea of doubling the farmers' income in next 5 years has been slated by the Government of India. The specific target of increasing sugarcane farmers' income could be achieved by developing cost-effective technologies, transferring them from laboratory to land, educating the farmers and creating a linkage between all stakeholders. Consistent efforts shall be required to harness all possible sources for increasing farmer's income in and outside the agriculture sector with respect to improvement in sugarcane and sugar productivity, enhancement in resource use efficiency and adopting various other ways and means including intercropping, management of pests and diseases, use of biotechnological tools and minimizing post-harvest deterioration. The advances in sugarcane biotechnology could become remarkable in the coming years, both in terms of improving productivity as well as increasing the value and utility of this crop substantially. In future, genetically modified sugarcane varieties with increased resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses would serve more towards sugarcane crop improvement. Any possibility of enhancement in the income of sugarcane farmers shall also be dependent upon the profitability and sustainability of the sugar industry. Integration of sugarcane production technologies for improvement in farm productivity, diversified sugarcane production system, reduced cost of cultivation along with increased processing plant efficiency and diversification to produce value added products shall ensure smooth and higher payment to the farmers. Development of low-cost technologies to convert "waste to resource" on a smaller scale shall also help the farmers to increase their income further. This paper focuses on possible measures to be taken up in each aspects of sugarcane cultivation including biotechnological approaches to achieve the goal of enhancing the income of sugarcane farmers substantially, particularly in the subtropical region of India.

Journal of Environmental Biology

Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2011

The potential of in-situ monitoring of cytotoxic effects of chromium through root-tip assay was s... more The potential of in-situ monitoring of cytotoxic effects of chromium through root-tip assay was studied in a sugarcane cultivar CoLk 8102 (Saccharum spp. hybrid). Sugarcane setts supplied with graded concentrations of chromium (VI), exhibited a reduction of 85.92 and 95.10 % in mean root length at 40 and 80 ppm Cr dosages along with 61.25 and 82.50% reduction in mean root number/node respectively. Mitotic index of root tip cells of treated setts declined and the frequency of aberrant mitotic phases increased pari passu to the increasing chromium concentration. To compare and quantify the effect of graded chromium dosages on frequency of chromosome aberrations vis-à-vis inhibition of mitotic activity, a 'Decretion factor' (D.F.) has been used for the first time. The value of DF increased with the increase in the chromium dosages. The increase in chromosome aberration frequency was low at low chromium dosages (1 or 2 ppm), but the high Cr dosages (40 and 80 ppm), induced sharp...

Plant Science, 2015

Among legumes, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important crop after soybean. Mic... more Among legumes, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important crop after soybean. MicroR-NAs (miRNAs) play important roles by regulating target gene expression important for plant development and tolerance to stress conditions. Additionally, recently discovered phased siRNAs (phasiRNAs), a new class of small RNAs, are abundantly produced in legumes. Nevertheless, little is known about these regulatory molecules in chickpea. The small RNA population was sequenced from leaves and flowers of chickpea to identify conserved and novel miRNAs as well as phasiRNAs/phasiRNA loci. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 157 miRNA loci for the 96 highly conserved and known miRNA homologs belonging to 38 miRNA families in chickpea. Furthermore, 20 novel miRNAs belonging to 17 miRNA families were identified. Sequence analysis revealed approximately 60 phasiRNA loci. Potential target genes likely to be regulated by these miRNAs were predicted and some were confirmed by modified 5 RACE assay. Predicted targets are mostly transcription factors that might be important for developmental processes, and others include superoxide dismutases, plantacyanin, laccases and F-box proteins that could participate in stress responses and protein degradation. Overall, this study provides an inventory of miRNA-target gene interactions for chickpea, useful for the comparative analysis of small RNAs among legumes.

Plant Pathology, 2006

Nymphs of Deltocephalus vulgaris , the leafhopper vector of sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) disease... more Nymphs of Deltocephalus vulgaris , the leafhopper vector of sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) disease, fed on SCGS- infected and healthy sugarcane leaves, and SCGS-infected and healthy plant tissue of sugarcane cv. CoLk 8102, were examined by nested PCR using phytoplasma-specific rRNA operon primers for detection of the SCGS phytoplasma. Sam- ples of SCGS-infected plants with symptoms and SCGS-exposed D. vulgaris

Genome, 1991

Genetically stable artificial autotetraploids with over 90% seed set were obtained by colchicine ... more Genetically stable artificial autotetraploids with over 90% seed set were obtained by colchicine treatment of the solanaceous species Hyoscyamus niger L. (4x = 68). The tetraploids were vigorous and had earlier been shown to yield considerably more tropane alkaloid per individual than the source diploids. The tetraploids had high bivalent frequencies at meiosis, and high fertility as a result of the formation of genetically balanced gametes. There was a systematic and significant decrease in quadrivalent frequency and an increase in bivalent frequency in three subsequent generations tested (C0, C1, C2). Possible causes of high bivalent frequency are discussed. Seed fertility can probably be increased in advanced generations by further selection for fertility and maximization of heterozygosity.Key words: Hyoscyamus niger, autotetraploid, meiosis, bivalents, fertility, selection.

Gene, 2013

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) with complex polyploid genome requires a large number of inform... more Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) with complex polyploid genome requires a large number of informative DNA markers for various applications in genetics and breeding. Despite the great advances in genomic technology, it is observed in several crop species, especially in sugarcane, the availability of molecular tools such as microsatellite markers are limited. Now-a-days EST-SSR markers are preferred to genomic SSR (gSSR) as they represent only the functional part of the genome, which can be easily associated with desired trait. The present study was taken up with a new set of 351 EST-SSRs developed from the 4085 non redundant EST sequences of two Indian sugarcane cultivars. Among these EST-SSRs, TNR containing motifs were predominant with a frequency of 51.6%. Thirty percent EST-SSRs showed homology with annotated protein. A high frequency of SSRs was found in the 5'UTR and in the ORF (about 27%) and a low frequency was observed in the 3'UTR (about 8%). Two hundred twenty-seven EST-SSRs were evaluated, in sugarcane, allied genera of sugarcane and cereals, and 134 of these have revealed polymorphism with a range of PIC value 0.12 to 0.99. The cross transferability rate ranged from 87.0% to 93.4% in Saccharum complex, 80.0% to 87.0% in allied genera, and 76.0% to 80.0% in cereals. Cloning and sequencing of EST-SSR size variant amplicons revealed that the variation in the number of repeat-units was the main source of EST-SSR fragment polymorphism. When 124 sugarcane accessions were analyzed for population structure using model-based approach, seven genetically distinct groups or admixtures thereof were observed in sugarcane. Results of principal coordinate analysis or UPGMA to evaluate genetic relationships delineated also the 124 accessions into seven groups. Thus, a high level of polymorphism adequate genetic diversity and population structure assayed with the EST-SSR markers not only suggested their utility in various applications in genetics and genomics in sugarcane but also enriched the microsatellite marker resources in sugarcane.

Current Science

Sugarcane is primarily a crop raised by sett cuttings. After the discovery of fertility in sugarc... more Sugarcane is primarily a crop raised by sett cuttings. After the discovery of fertility in sugarcane seeds, attempts have been made for its improvement through concerted breeding efforts. The first phase was limited to crossing among Saccharum officinarum clones and the resulted hybrids although had high sucrose content, lower fibre, lacked vigour, ratooning ability and resistance to diseases. In the second phase after the realization of adaptability to diverse environs, resistance to insect pests and diseases, and tolerance to abiotic stress and ratooning ability in the indigenous canes (S. barberi, S. spontaneum and S. robustum), a limited number of these was used in the crossing and subsequent nobilization for varietal improvement. However, the limited use of germplasm could not sustain the challenges to the crop, so also the pace of varietal development. Realization of the fact that further incorporation of S. spontaneum germplasm in breeding sporadic efforts paid dividends, attempts have been made to look into the diversity for traits of agronomic interest not only in Saccharum species, but also in the Saccharum complex, i.e. in the related genera. The present study reviews the diversity available for agronomic traits in Saccharum species clones and related genera which could be made available for use in directed breeding programmes for sugarcane improvement for the ever-increasing need of not only of sugar but also of the energy, paper and other valueadded products from sugarcane.

Journal of Environmental Biology, Sep 1, 2017

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Oct 8, 2020

Red rot disease is a severe disease of sugarcane that affects the crop productivity in sugarcane ... more Red rot disease is a severe disease of sugarcane that affects the crop productivity in sugarcane growing countries. In this study, resistance gene analogues (RGAs) similar to kinase resistance protein isolated from sugarcane red rot resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible genotypes were compared with wall associated receptor like kinases of various plants. The non-RD serine/threonine kinase regions were noticed in all identified sugarcane RGAs. The amino acid identity percentage among resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible sugarcane RGAs was more than 90% which indicated that conserved kinase region is present in these RGAs. However, when compared with other monocots and dicots, the identified RGAs showed much diversity in kinase region. As the RGAs of sugarcane are of non-RD serine/threonine kinase that are typically associated with immune responses in plant, the findings may be extremely useful that can be used as RGAs based marker development for resistance breeding in sugarcane.

Journal of Environmental Biology, 2017

High temperature stress has emerged as a widely occurring problem in sugarcane growing tracts, in... more High temperature stress has emerged as a widely occurring problem in sugarcane growing tracts, in general and in subtropical India, in particular, affecting growth and development of sugarcane in early pheno-phases of establishment and shoot formation. Seventy one sugarcane varieties from Peninsular, North-west, North-central and North-eastern sugarcane zones of the country were screened for their tolerance to high temperature stress. The tolerance has been assessed on the basis of drying of leaf-tips and margins (leaf injury) and rolling of leaves. Some varieties have the potential to escape high temperature stress and some other varieties were able to tolerate high temperature induced stress. Some of the varieties suffered from excessive leaf injury and leaf rolling, indicating thereby their inability to tolerate high temperature stress. The leaf rolling during formative phase of the crop showed qualitative impact on the tonnage of the crop at harvest. These varieties may further ...

Plant pathogens are chief consequent to effect crop productivity. Globally up to 40% crop lost pe... more Plant pathogens are chief consequent to effect crop productivity. Globally up to 40% crop lost per annum due to plant disease. More amount of food will be required in coming time as increasing the world's population. Disease resistance genes contribute resistance to plants against pathogens and may be economic and eco-friendly biological approach to improve crop productivity by developing disease resistant crop in compare to other methods. Several research studies underway for attaining durable and broad spectrum resistance using deployment of resistance genes include R genes and QDR genes. Generally, resistance gene analogue approach with bioinformatics tool is used to identify disease resistance gene and thousands of candidate disease resistance genes or resistance gene analogues (RGAs) identified in different plants.

Guangxi Agricultural Sciences, 2010

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

3 Biotech

The idea of doubling the farmers' income in next 5 years has been slated by the Government of Ind... more The idea of doubling the farmers' income in next 5 years has been slated by the Government of India. The specific target of increasing sugarcane farmers' income could be achieved by developing cost-effective technologies, transferring them from laboratory to land, educating the farmers and creating a linkage between all stakeholders. Consistent efforts shall be required to harness all possible sources for increasing farmer's income in and outside the agriculture sector with respect to improvement in sugarcane and sugar productivity, enhancement in resource use efficiency and adopting various other ways and means including intercropping, management of pests and diseases, use of biotechnological tools and minimizing post-harvest deterioration. The advances in sugarcane biotechnology could become remarkable in the coming years, both in terms of improving productivity as well as increasing the value and utility of this crop substantially. In future, genetically modified sugarcane varieties with increased resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses would serve more towards sugarcane crop improvement. Any possibility of enhancement in the income of sugarcane farmers shall also be dependent upon the profitability and sustainability of the sugar industry. Integration of sugarcane production technologies for improvement in farm productivity, diversified sugarcane production system, reduced cost of cultivation along with increased processing plant efficiency and diversification to produce value added products shall ensure smooth and higher payment to the farmers. Development of low-cost technologies to convert "waste to resource" on a smaller scale shall also help the farmers to increase their income further. This paper focuses on possible measures to be taken up in each aspects of sugarcane cultivation including biotechnological approaches to achieve the goal of enhancing the income of sugarcane farmers substantially, particularly in the subtropical region of India.

Journal of Environmental Biology

Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2011

The potential of in-situ monitoring of cytotoxic effects of chromium through root-tip assay was s... more The potential of in-situ monitoring of cytotoxic effects of chromium through root-tip assay was studied in a sugarcane cultivar CoLk 8102 (Saccharum spp. hybrid). Sugarcane setts supplied with graded concentrations of chromium (VI), exhibited a reduction of 85.92 and 95.10 % in mean root length at 40 and 80 ppm Cr dosages along with 61.25 and 82.50% reduction in mean root number/node respectively. Mitotic index of root tip cells of treated setts declined and the frequency of aberrant mitotic phases increased pari passu to the increasing chromium concentration. To compare and quantify the effect of graded chromium dosages on frequency of chromosome aberrations vis-à-vis inhibition of mitotic activity, a 'Decretion factor' (D.F.) has been used for the first time. The value of DF increased with the increase in the chromium dosages. The increase in chromosome aberration frequency was low at low chromium dosages (1 or 2 ppm), but the high Cr dosages (40 and 80 ppm), induced sharp...

Plant Science, 2015

Among legumes, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important crop after soybean. Mic... more Among legumes, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important crop after soybean. MicroR-NAs (miRNAs) play important roles by regulating target gene expression important for plant development and tolerance to stress conditions. Additionally, recently discovered phased siRNAs (phasiRNAs), a new class of small RNAs, are abundantly produced in legumes. Nevertheless, little is known about these regulatory molecules in chickpea. The small RNA population was sequenced from leaves and flowers of chickpea to identify conserved and novel miRNAs as well as phasiRNAs/phasiRNA loci. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 157 miRNA loci for the 96 highly conserved and known miRNA homologs belonging to 38 miRNA families in chickpea. Furthermore, 20 novel miRNAs belonging to 17 miRNA families were identified. Sequence analysis revealed approximately 60 phasiRNA loci. Potential target genes likely to be regulated by these miRNAs were predicted and some were confirmed by modified 5 RACE assay. Predicted targets are mostly transcription factors that might be important for developmental processes, and others include superoxide dismutases, plantacyanin, laccases and F-box proteins that could participate in stress responses and protein degradation. Overall, this study provides an inventory of miRNA-target gene interactions for chickpea, useful for the comparative analysis of small RNAs among legumes.

Plant Pathology, 2006

Nymphs of Deltocephalus vulgaris , the leafhopper vector of sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) disease... more Nymphs of Deltocephalus vulgaris , the leafhopper vector of sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) disease, fed on SCGS- infected and healthy sugarcane leaves, and SCGS-infected and healthy plant tissue of sugarcane cv. CoLk 8102, were examined by nested PCR using phytoplasma-specific rRNA operon primers for detection of the SCGS phytoplasma. Sam- ples of SCGS-infected plants with symptoms and SCGS-exposed D. vulgaris

Genome, 1991

Genetically stable artificial autotetraploids with over 90% seed set were obtained by colchicine ... more Genetically stable artificial autotetraploids with over 90% seed set were obtained by colchicine treatment of the solanaceous species Hyoscyamus niger L. (4x = 68). The tetraploids were vigorous and had earlier been shown to yield considerably more tropane alkaloid per individual than the source diploids. The tetraploids had high bivalent frequencies at meiosis, and high fertility as a result of the formation of genetically balanced gametes. There was a systematic and significant decrease in quadrivalent frequency and an increase in bivalent frequency in three subsequent generations tested (C0, C1, C2). Possible causes of high bivalent frequency are discussed. Seed fertility can probably be increased in advanced generations by further selection for fertility and maximization of heterozygosity.Key words: Hyoscyamus niger, autotetraploid, meiosis, bivalents, fertility, selection.

Gene, 2013

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) with complex polyploid genome requires a large number of inform... more Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) with complex polyploid genome requires a large number of informative DNA markers for various applications in genetics and breeding. Despite the great advances in genomic technology, it is observed in several crop species, especially in sugarcane, the availability of molecular tools such as microsatellite markers are limited. Now-a-days EST-SSR markers are preferred to genomic SSR (gSSR) as they represent only the functional part of the genome, which can be easily associated with desired trait. The present study was taken up with a new set of 351 EST-SSRs developed from the 4085 non redundant EST sequences of two Indian sugarcane cultivars. Among these EST-SSRs, TNR containing motifs were predominant with a frequency of 51.6%. Thirty percent EST-SSRs showed homology with annotated protein. A high frequency of SSRs was found in the 5'UTR and in the ORF (about 27%) and a low frequency was observed in the 3'UTR (about 8%). Two hundred twenty-seven EST-SSRs were evaluated, in sugarcane, allied genera of sugarcane and cereals, and 134 of these have revealed polymorphism with a range of PIC value 0.12 to 0.99. The cross transferability rate ranged from 87.0% to 93.4% in Saccharum complex, 80.0% to 87.0% in allied genera, and 76.0% to 80.0% in cereals. Cloning and sequencing of EST-SSR size variant amplicons revealed that the variation in the number of repeat-units was the main source of EST-SSR fragment polymorphism. When 124 sugarcane accessions were analyzed for population structure using model-based approach, seven genetically distinct groups or admixtures thereof were observed in sugarcane. Results of principal coordinate analysis or UPGMA to evaluate genetic relationships delineated also the 124 accessions into seven groups. Thus, a high level of polymorphism adequate genetic diversity and population structure assayed with the EST-SSR markers not only suggested their utility in various applications in genetics and genomics in sugarcane but also enriched the microsatellite marker resources in sugarcane.

Current Science

Sugarcane is primarily a crop raised by sett cuttings. After the discovery of fertility in sugarc... more Sugarcane is primarily a crop raised by sett cuttings. After the discovery of fertility in sugarcane seeds, attempts have been made for its improvement through concerted breeding efforts. The first phase was limited to crossing among Saccharum officinarum clones and the resulted hybrids although had high sucrose content, lower fibre, lacked vigour, ratooning ability and resistance to diseases. In the second phase after the realization of adaptability to diverse environs, resistance to insect pests and diseases, and tolerance to abiotic stress and ratooning ability in the indigenous canes (S. barberi, S. spontaneum and S. robustum), a limited number of these was used in the crossing and subsequent nobilization for varietal improvement. However, the limited use of germplasm could not sustain the challenges to the crop, so also the pace of varietal development. Realization of the fact that further incorporation of S. spontaneum germplasm in breeding sporadic efforts paid dividends, attempts have been made to look into the diversity for traits of agronomic interest not only in Saccharum species, but also in the Saccharum complex, i.e. in the related genera. The present study reviews the diversity available for agronomic traits in Saccharum species clones and related genera which could be made available for use in directed breeding programmes for sugarcane improvement for the ever-increasing need of not only of sugar but also of the energy, paper and other valueadded products from sugarcane.