Sabyasachi Swain | IIT Bombay (original) (raw)

Papers by Sabyasachi Swain

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Sustainability

The land surface temperature (LST) pattern is regarded as one of the most important indicators of... more The land surface temperature (LST) pattern is regarded as one of the most important indicators of the environmental consequences of land use/land cover change. The possible contribution of land surface to the warming phenomenon is being investigated by scientists across the world. This research focuses on variations in surface temperature and urban heat islands (UHIs) over the course of two seasons, i.e., winter and summer. Using remotely sensed datasets and geospatial techniques, an attempt was made to analyze the spatiotemporal variation in urban heat islands (UHIs) and its association with LULC over Chandigarh from 2000 to 2020. The Enhanced Built-up and Bareness Index (EBBI), Dry Built-up Index (DBI), and Dry Bare-Soil Index (DBSI) were used to identify built-up areas in the city. The results revealed an increase of 10.08% in BA, whereas the vegetation decreased by 4.5% over the study period, which is in close agreement with the EBBI, DBI, and DBSI assessments. From 2000 to 2020...

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Applied Water Science

Groundwater is the second largest store of freshwater in the world. The sustainability of the eco... more Groundwater is the second largest store of freshwater in the world. The sustainability of the ecosystem is largely dependent on groundwater availability, and groundwater has already been under tremendous pressure to fulfill human needs owing to anthropogenic activities around various parts of the world. The footprints of human activities can be witnessed in terms of looming climate change, water pollution, and changes in available water resources. This paper provides a comprehensive view of the linkage between groundwater, climate system, and anthropogenic activities, with a focus on the Indian region. The significant prior works addressing the groundwater-induced response on the climatic system and the impacts of climate on groundwater through natural and human-instigated processes are reviewed. The condition of groundwater quality in India with respect to various physicochemical, heavy metal and biological contamination is discussed. The utility of remote sensing and GIS in ground...

Japan Geoscience Union, Mar 13, 2020

2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 2017

Estimation of precipitation is necessary for optimum utilization of water resources and their app... more Estimation of precipitation is necessary for optimum utilization of water resources and their appropriate management. The economy of India being heavily dependent on agriculture becomes vulnerable due to lack of adequate irrigation facilities. In this paper, a multiple linear regression model has been developed to reckon annual precipitation over Cuttack district, Odisha, India. The model forecasts precipitation for a year considering annual precipitation data of its three preceding years. The model testing was performed over a century-long dataset of annual precipitation i.e. for 1904–2002. Assuming the intercept or constant of the multiple linear regression model as zero, the equation developed thereby displayed a superb result. The model predictions showed an excellent association with the observed data i.e. the coefficient of determination (R2) and adjusted R2 value was obtained to be 0.974 and 0.963 respectively. This reconciliation justifies the application of the developed model over the study area to forecast rainfall, thereby aiding in proper planning and management.

Applied Water Science

This study presents an assessment of groundwater quality over the two constituent districts (Fari... more This study presents an assessment of groundwater quality over the two constituent districts (Faridabad and Gurgaon) of the National Capital Region (NCR), India, using geospatial and statistical approaches. These districts have been subjected to rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent years. The groundwater quality parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbonate (CO32−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), fluoride (F−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), silica (SiO2), and total hardness (TH) are obtained for the year of 2017 from 28 sites over the study area. The suitability for human drinking purposes is assessed by comparing the concentration of parameters at each site with respect to their permissible limits recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 10500: 2012). The geospatial mapping of the water quality parameters is carried out to visualize their variations, whereas their risk ass...

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

Arabian Journal of Geosciences

The emphasis upon livestock health requires regular assessment of livestock drinking water qualit... more The emphasis upon livestock health requires regular assessment of livestock drinking water quality. The results of this study are based on 12 months of water quality survey over 18 sites in Upper Ganga Canal (UGC) in Roorkee City, India, covering a command area of nearly 450 km2. Conventionally, the water of the UGC provides irrigation to agricultural land, and also it is used as a source of livestock drinking water. In this study, special attention was paid to quantify the major metallic contaminants such as aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, and zinc. Subsequently, a suitability analysis was performed by comparing the observed concentrations of heavy metals with the existing water quality guidelines proposed by regulatory agencies, such as the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC, 2000), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME, 2008), Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa (DWAF, 1996), and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, 1985). The arithmetic weightage-based heavy metal pollution index (HPI) was also computed considering all the metals together to evaluate the pollution status of the UGC canal. Results of water quality analysis indicate that the levels of mercury and manganese were considerably higher than their permissible limit in water. Concentrations of heavy metals viz., lead, arsenic, chromium, cobalt, cadmium, and copper, along with aluminum, were found to be mostly within their recommended limits. HPI of water in UGC, Roorkee, was found to be suitable for livestock drinking, excluding three sites.

Theoretical and Applied Climatology

This paper presents a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of the rainfall variability, seasonality, ... more This paper presents a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of the rainfall variability, seasonality, and the extreme characteristics of Tehri catchment located in the lower Himalayan region in India. To this end, the daily rainfall data is extracted from 22 grids for 117 years (1901–2017) from the high-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) gridded observation dataset. Monthly rainfall distribution is evaluated using precipitation concentration index ( PCI ) and seasonality index. The extreme rainfall indices, viz., maximum 1-day rainfall (Rx1Day), maximum 5-day rainfall (Rx5Day), number of rainy days (NxRainy), total precipitation in rainy days (PRCPTOT), number of heavy rainfall events (NxHeavy), maximum consecutive wet days (CWD), and simple daily intensity index (SDII) are computed for each year considering the thresholds suggested by India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Mann–Whitney-Pettitt test when applied to the annual rainfall time series revealed the year 1958 to be the statistically significant change point. The non-parametric modified Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope tests are employed to detect the trend in monthly, seasonal, annual rainfall time series, extreme precipitation indices, and seasonality indices for both the pre- and post-1958 periods. The annual rainfall over the grids mostly possessed higher negative trends during 1959–2017 than those during 1901–1958, mainly due to the decreasing trends in post-monsoon and winter seasons. Compared to 1901–1958, NxRainy, CWD, and PRCPTOT exhibited a remarkable decreasing trend whereas NxHeavy, Rx1Day, Rx5Day, and SDII exhibited higher positive trends during 1959–2017, indicating intensification of precipitation. The precipitation over the catchment has been more concentrated in the latter epochs of monsoon season and annual rainfall and it is also evident from the increasing trends of the seasonality indices. There is no such study dealing comprehensively with identification of extreme characteristics, seasonality/concentration characteristics, and various categorical trends of precipitation in a Himalayan region reported in literature. This study will be useful in understanding the decreasing trend of precipitation volume coupled with increasing intensity and concentration and it is quite critical for a Himalayan catchment.

Advances in Remediation Techniques for Polluted Soils and Groundwater

Applied Water Science

Drought is amongst the most precarious natural hazards associated with severe repercussions. The ... more Drought is amongst the most precarious natural hazards associated with severe repercussions. The characterization of droughts is usually carried out by the sector-specific (meteorological/agricultural/hydrological) indices that are mostly based on hydroclimatic variables. Groundwater is the major source of water supply during drought periods, and the socio-economic factors control the aftermaths of droughts; however, they are often ignored by the sector-specific indices, thereby failing to capture the overall impacts of droughts. This study aims to circumvent this issue by incorporating hydroclimatic, socio-economic and physiographic information to assess the overall drought vulnerability over Narmada River Basin, India, which is an agriculture-dominated basin highly dependent on groundwater resources. A Comprehensive Drought Vulnerability Indicator (CDVI) is proposed that assimilates the information on meteorological fluctuations, depth to groundwater level, slope, distance from ri...

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2014

Climate change is meant by any change in the normal meteorological conditions (e.g. temperature, ... more Climate change is meant by any change in the normal meteorological conditions (e.g. temperature, rainfall, humidity, pressure conditions etc.) of a particular area over a prolonged period. These changes significantly affect the water resources and hydrological conditions of various regions, particularly the river basins. The changes in precipitation, its intensity and frequency, can be detrimental, both on surplus or deficit side. The climate variability is mainly responsible for the arising of drought and flood conditions across various parts of the globe. Particularly, this is of a crucial issue in a country of agro-based economy like India. Also, the gradual increase in temperature caused by greenhouse effect affects the socio-economic life of people. Moreover, the water scarcity has been arising as one of the major problems and some countries have already been in a water stressed condition. Numerous attempts have already been made to analyse the effects of climate variability on...

Geospatial Technologies for Land and Water Resources Management

Watershed Management 2020

Climate Impacts on Water Resources in India

2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT)

Accounting the impacts of climate change on watersheds and water availability, development of ada... more Accounting the impacts of climate change on watersheds and water availability, development of adaptive strategies for the exacerbating circumstances is of highest concern. But in order to develop coping abilities, precise quantification of climate change effects and accurate future predictions are necessary. Hydrological modeling is a common practice to fulfill this purpose. This paper presents a brief review of concepts and applications for Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in a perspective of changing climate scenarios. Being a physical model, SWAT can be applied to simulate under varying spatio-temporal dimensions. The applicability and performance of hydrological modeling through SWAT across various parts of the globe is presented. Based on the prior studies, the likely benefits and limitations of the model are also discussed. This study will be helpful in developing an insight to the growing application of hydrological models for assessing climate change.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Rainfall variability has gained significant attention from the global research community, especia... more Rainfall variability has gained significant attention from the global research community, especially after the rising issues of climate change. In the present study, an assessment of the contributions of intensity-based rainfall classes (very low, low, medium, rather heavy, and heavy) to average annual rainfall as well as to the number of wet days over Tehri catchment, Uttarakhand, India, is presented. It is pertinent to mention that the very low rainfall class is not considered among wet days and hence is analyzed only for contributions to annual rainfall and not for contributions to the number of wet days. The daily rainfall data is collected for 119 years (1901–2019) from the IMD 0.25° × 0.25° grids, whose at least 25% fell within the boundary of the catchment. Fifteen grids are selected based on the above-mentioned criteria, and the period of 1901–2019 is divided into two parts, i.e., pre-1960 and post-1960 periods for a comparative assessment. The results reveal that the medium rainfall class contributes a majority of annual rainfall followed by light rainfall, rather heavy, heavy, and very low rainfall classes. Similarly, for wet days, medium (50%) and light (45%) classes are the major contributors followed by rather heavy (4%) and heavy (1%) classes. Regarding these contributions, no significant difference is observed between pre-1960 and post-1960 periods.

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Sustainability

The land surface temperature (LST) pattern is regarded as one of the most important indicators of... more The land surface temperature (LST) pattern is regarded as one of the most important indicators of the environmental consequences of land use/land cover change. The possible contribution of land surface to the warming phenomenon is being investigated by scientists across the world. This research focuses on variations in surface temperature and urban heat islands (UHIs) over the course of two seasons, i.e., winter and summer. Using remotely sensed datasets and geospatial techniques, an attempt was made to analyze the spatiotemporal variation in urban heat islands (UHIs) and its association with LULC over Chandigarh from 2000 to 2020. The Enhanced Built-up and Bareness Index (EBBI), Dry Built-up Index (DBI), and Dry Bare-Soil Index (DBSI) were used to identify built-up areas in the city. The results revealed an increase of 10.08% in BA, whereas the vegetation decreased by 4.5% over the study period, which is in close agreement with the EBBI, DBI, and DBSI assessments. From 2000 to 2020...

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Applied Water Science

Groundwater is the second largest store of freshwater in the world. The sustainability of the eco... more Groundwater is the second largest store of freshwater in the world. The sustainability of the ecosystem is largely dependent on groundwater availability, and groundwater has already been under tremendous pressure to fulfill human needs owing to anthropogenic activities around various parts of the world. The footprints of human activities can be witnessed in terms of looming climate change, water pollution, and changes in available water resources. This paper provides a comprehensive view of the linkage between groundwater, climate system, and anthropogenic activities, with a focus on the Indian region. The significant prior works addressing the groundwater-induced response on the climatic system and the impacts of climate on groundwater through natural and human-instigated processes are reviewed. The condition of groundwater quality in India with respect to various physicochemical, heavy metal and biological contamination is discussed. The utility of remote sensing and GIS in ground...

Japan Geoscience Union, Mar 13, 2020

2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 2017

Estimation of precipitation is necessary for optimum utilization of water resources and their app... more Estimation of precipitation is necessary for optimum utilization of water resources and their appropriate management. The economy of India being heavily dependent on agriculture becomes vulnerable due to lack of adequate irrigation facilities. In this paper, a multiple linear regression model has been developed to reckon annual precipitation over Cuttack district, Odisha, India. The model forecasts precipitation for a year considering annual precipitation data of its three preceding years. The model testing was performed over a century-long dataset of annual precipitation i.e. for 1904–2002. Assuming the intercept or constant of the multiple linear regression model as zero, the equation developed thereby displayed a superb result. The model predictions showed an excellent association with the observed data i.e. the coefficient of determination (R2) and adjusted R2 value was obtained to be 0.974 and 0.963 respectively. This reconciliation justifies the application of the developed model over the study area to forecast rainfall, thereby aiding in proper planning and management.

Applied Water Science

This study presents an assessment of groundwater quality over the two constituent districts (Fari... more This study presents an assessment of groundwater quality over the two constituent districts (Faridabad and Gurgaon) of the National Capital Region (NCR), India, using geospatial and statistical approaches. These districts have been subjected to rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent years. The groundwater quality parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbonate (CO32−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), fluoride (F−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), silica (SiO2), and total hardness (TH) are obtained for the year of 2017 from 28 sites over the study area. The suitability for human drinking purposes is assessed by comparing the concentration of parameters at each site with respect to their permissible limits recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 10500: 2012). The geospatial mapping of the water quality parameters is carried out to visualize their variations, whereas their risk ass...

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

Arabian Journal of Geosciences

The emphasis upon livestock health requires regular assessment of livestock drinking water qualit... more The emphasis upon livestock health requires regular assessment of livestock drinking water quality. The results of this study are based on 12 months of water quality survey over 18 sites in Upper Ganga Canal (UGC) in Roorkee City, India, covering a command area of nearly 450 km2. Conventionally, the water of the UGC provides irrigation to agricultural land, and also it is used as a source of livestock drinking water. In this study, special attention was paid to quantify the major metallic contaminants such as aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, and zinc. Subsequently, a suitability analysis was performed by comparing the observed concentrations of heavy metals with the existing water quality guidelines proposed by regulatory agencies, such as the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC, 2000), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME, 2008), Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa (DWAF, 1996), and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, 1985). The arithmetic weightage-based heavy metal pollution index (HPI) was also computed considering all the metals together to evaluate the pollution status of the UGC canal. Results of water quality analysis indicate that the levels of mercury and manganese were considerably higher than their permissible limit in water. Concentrations of heavy metals viz., lead, arsenic, chromium, cobalt, cadmium, and copper, along with aluminum, were found to be mostly within their recommended limits. HPI of water in UGC, Roorkee, was found to be suitable for livestock drinking, excluding three sites.

Theoretical and Applied Climatology

This paper presents a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of the rainfall variability, seasonality, ... more This paper presents a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of the rainfall variability, seasonality, and the extreme characteristics of Tehri catchment located in the lower Himalayan region in India. To this end, the daily rainfall data is extracted from 22 grids for 117 years (1901–2017) from the high-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) gridded observation dataset. Monthly rainfall distribution is evaluated using precipitation concentration index ( PCI ) and seasonality index. The extreme rainfall indices, viz., maximum 1-day rainfall (Rx1Day), maximum 5-day rainfall (Rx5Day), number of rainy days (NxRainy), total precipitation in rainy days (PRCPTOT), number of heavy rainfall events (NxHeavy), maximum consecutive wet days (CWD), and simple daily intensity index (SDII) are computed for each year considering the thresholds suggested by India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Mann–Whitney-Pettitt test when applied to the annual rainfall time series revealed the year 1958 to be the statistically significant change point. The non-parametric modified Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope tests are employed to detect the trend in monthly, seasonal, annual rainfall time series, extreme precipitation indices, and seasonality indices for both the pre- and post-1958 periods. The annual rainfall over the grids mostly possessed higher negative trends during 1959–2017 than those during 1901–1958, mainly due to the decreasing trends in post-monsoon and winter seasons. Compared to 1901–1958, NxRainy, CWD, and PRCPTOT exhibited a remarkable decreasing trend whereas NxHeavy, Rx1Day, Rx5Day, and SDII exhibited higher positive trends during 1959–2017, indicating intensification of precipitation. The precipitation over the catchment has been more concentrated in the latter epochs of monsoon season and annual rainfall and it is also evident from the increasing trends of the seasonality indices. There is no such study dealing comprehensively with identification of extreme characteristics, seasonality/concentration characteristics, and various categorical trends of precipitation in a Himalayan region reported in literature. This study will be useful in understanding the decreasing trend of precipitation volume coupled with increasing intensity and concentration and it is quite critical for a Himalayan catchment.

Advances in Remediation Techniques for Polluted Soils and Groundwater

Applied Water Science

Drought is amongst the most precarious natural hazards associated with severe repercussions. The ... more Drought is amongst the most precarious natural hazards associated with severe repercussions. The characterization of droughts is usually carried out by the sector-specific (meteorological/agricultural/hydrological) indices that are mostly based on hydroclimatic variables. Groundwater is the major source of water supply during drought periods, and the socio-economic factors control the aftermaths of droughts; however, they are often ignored by the sector-specific indices, thereby failing to capture the overall impacts of droughts. This study aims to circumvent this issue by incorporating hydroclimatic, socio-economic and physiographic information to assess the overall drought vulnerability over Narmada River Basin, India, which is an agriculture-dominated basin highly dependent on groundwater resources. A Comprehensive Drought Vulnerability Indicator (CDVI) is proposed that assimilates the information on meteorological fluctuations, depth to groundwater level, slope, distance from ri...

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2014

Climate change is meant by any change in the normal meteorological conditions (e.g. temperature, ... more Climate change is meant by any change in the normal meteorological conditions (e.g. temperature, rainfall, humidity, pressure conditions etc.) of a particular area over a prolonged period. These changes significantly affect the water resources and hydrological conditions of various regions, particularly the river basins. The changes in precipitation, its intensity and frequency, can be detrimental, both on surplus or deficit side. The climate variability is mainly responsible for the arising of drought and flood conditions across various parts of the globe. Particularly, this is of a crucial issue in a country of agro-based economy like India. Also, the gradual increase in temperature caused by greenhouse effect affects the socio-economic life of people. Moreover, the water scarcity has been arising as one of the major problems and some countries have already been in a water stressed condition. Numerous attempts have already been made to analyse the effects of climate variability on...

Geospatial Technologies for Land and Water Resources Management

Watershed Management 2020

Climate Impacts on Water Resources in India

2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT)

Accounting the impacts of climate change on watersheds and water availability, development of ada... more Accounting the impacts of climate change on watersheds and water availability, development of adaptive strategies for the exacerbating circumstances is of highest concern. But in order to develop coping abilities, precise quantification of climate change effects and accurate future predictions are necessary. Hydrological modeling is a common practice to fulfill this purpose. This paper presents a brief review of concepts and applications for Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in a perspective of changing climate scenarios. Being a physical model, SWAT can be applied to simulate under varying spatio-temporal dimensions. The applicability and performance of hydrological modeling through SWAT across various parts of the globe is presented. Based on the prior studies, the likely benefits and limitations of the model are also discussed. This study will be helpful in developing an insight to the growing application of hydrological models for assessing climate change.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Rainfall variability has gained significant attention from the global research community, especia... more Rainfall variability has gained significant attention from the global research community, especially after the rising issues of climate change. In the present study, an assessment of the contributions of intensity-based rainfall classes (very low, low, medium, rather heavy, and heavy) to average annual rainfall as well as to the number of wet days over Tehri catchment, Uttarakhand, India, is presented. It is pertinent to mention that the very low rainfall class is not considered among wet days and hence is analyzed only for contributions to annual rainfall and not for contributions to the number of wet days. The daily rainfall data is collected for 119 years (1901–2019) from the IMD 0.25° × 0.25° grids, whose at least 25% fell within the boundary of the catchment. Fifteen grids are selected based on the above-mentioned criteria, and the period of 1901–2019 is divided into two parts, i.e., pre-1960 and post-1960 periods for a comparative assessment. The results reveal that the medium rainfall class contributes a majority of annual rainfall followed by light rainfall, rather heavy, heavy, and very low rainfall classes. Similarly, for wet days, medium (50%) and light (45%) classes are the major contributors followed by rather heavy (4%) and heavy (1%) classes. Regarding these contributions, no significant difference is observed between pre-1960 and post-1960 periods.

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020