Dr (Ing) Sanna Ratnavel | IIT Delhi (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr (Ing) Sanna Ratnavel

Sceba, 2024

This paper investigates into the critical role of systems theory in bridge engineering. By unders... more This paper investigates into the critical role of systems theory in bridge engineering. By understanding Ashby's Law of Requisite Variety, engineers can match the complexity of control mechanisms with the challenges bridges face, ensuring robustness against unforeseen disasters like Francis Scott Key Bridge, Baltimore. The paper emphasizes the need to identify constraints, develop effective control systems, and incorporate feedback mechanisms to enhance bridge performance. Drawing on cybernetic principles, such as feedback loops and information control, the narrative underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptation in bridge reconstruction. By integrating these concepts, engineers can create bridges that are not only structurally sound but also resilient in the face of evolving environmental conditions and potential disruptions, ultimately contributing to safer and more reliable infrastructure.

Hydrogen Conclave, 2023

The implementation of green hydrogen projects in smart cities across India faces formidable chall... more The implementation of green hydrogen projects in smart cities across India faces formidable challenges, including high initial costs, technological readiness, and the need for a supportive regulatory framework. Addressing these challenges demands a multifaceted approach, involving cost reduction strategies, technological innovation, and collaborative partnerships. Solutions include incentivizing research and development, initiating pilot projects, integrating renewable energy efficiently, and fostering public awareness. The future of green hydrogen intersects with challenges like water scarcity, EV battery evolution, and solar and wind energy integration. Mitigation strategies involve electrolysis innovation, complementary roles with EVs, and harnessing renewable energy synergies. Civil engineers play a key role in infrastructure development, hydrogen facilities, storage, and urban planning, necessitating supportive government policies for recognition and skill development. Recognizing their importance is integral to fostering innovation and expertise in the flourishing field of green hydrogen technology.

Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 1975

Regional Meeting Liverpool 16th–19th September 1974 The Engineering Geology of Tunnels Day 1. Mon... more Regional Meeting Liverpool 16th–19th September 1974 The Engineering Geology of Tunnels Day 1. Monday 16 September Local Setting and Tunnels followed by Site Investigation and Consideration of General Problems. Opening of Conference by Chairman of the Morning Session, A. L. Little. Introductory Lecture: Local setting of engineering geology by J. K. Shanklin. Tunnels on Merseyside. By G. S. Dodds. Geology in relation to tunnelling machines and practical tunnelling problems. By J. C. McKenzie & P. Naylor. Chairman of the Afternoon Session: Site Investigations for tunnels in Britain. By D. G. Price & I. E. Higginbottom. Site investigation for tunnels—the consultant's view. By G. E. Rawlings & D. J. Eastaff. Exploring ahead of the face—a review. By A. N. James & R. J. Savage. Day 2. Tuesday 17 September Fieldwork. Brenig damsite, N. Wales. Leader T. P. Crimes Dinorwic hydro-electric power scheme, N. Wales. Leader J. Pitts. Robertson Research International Ltd. (Llandudno), followed by tour of local geology. Leader C. D. V. Wilson. Mersey and Weaver River Unit, Warrington, followed by tour of Liverpool Loop-and-Link tunnels. Leaders: J. D. Mather & R. J. Ireland. Mold and district, N. Wales. N.C.B. Colliery and private mine. Leader: I. A. Williamson. Day 3. Wednesday 18 September Hard Ground Tunnelling Chairman of the Morning Session: R, Glossop. Hard ground tunneling—engineering solutions based on geological evidence. By R. G. T. Lane. Engineering geology investigations for the Kielder tunnels. By P. G. Carter & D. A. C. Mills. Tunnelling in rockhead zones affected by previous mining.

Research Methods

The complexities of obtaining reliable data and conducting meaningful analysis in research are of... more The complexities of obtaining reliable data and conducting meaningful analysis in research are often impeded by various challenges. This article takes an in-depth exploration into how systems engineering methodologies combined with statistical techniques can fortify the integrity of research findings. It not only examines multi-criteria methods, brainstorming, and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) but also explores into the limitations of statistical methods such as Time Series Analysis, ANOVA, Likert scales, and correlation methods, which exhibit linearity and fall short in eliminating incompetent data and providing unreliable inferences. Furthermore, the article sheds light on the fundamental role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in ensuring data competence, thereby infusing confidence among data scientists and academic researchers.

Inheritable Earth, Systems Thinking ,Village and Tribal Architecture

This article explores the importance of systems thinking in developing sustainable and culturally... more This article explores the importance of systems thinking in developing sustainable and culturally respectful architectural solutions for preserving rural and tribal environments. By integrating awareness, humility, renewal, and redistribution into sustainability transitions, we can address environmental and social justice issues. The article highlights the role of indigenous and local knowledge systems in climate change adaptation and emphasizes the need to view sustainability as both a technical and social affair. Through systems thinking, we can create effective and lasting solutions that ensure an Inheritable Earth for future generations.

Structural Engineers World Congress -SEOUL,S.Korea, 2023

In the face of pressing environmental challenges and the imperative for a sustainable future, thi... more In the face of pressing environmental challenges and the imperative for a sustainable future, this exploration uncovers the remarkable synergy between literature, architecture, and the pursuit of an 'Inheritable Earth'. Guided by the profound insights from literary classics like Masanobu Fukuoka's "The One-Straw Revolution" and E.F. Schumacher's "Small is Beautiful," we unearth a wealth of ecological wisdom. These literary treasures advocate for minimal intervention in the environment, laying the groundwork for architecture that seamlessly coexists with the natural world. In this envisioned future, we encounter a rich fabric of literature, architecture, and sustainability interwoven by proposed policies. These policies encompass sustainable architectural practices, environmental education, community engagement, renewable energy integration, circular economy principles, technological advancements, monitoring and reporting, tax incentives, and international collaboration. They serve as the scaffold for responsible stewardship of our planet. In closing, we stand at the crossroads of literature, architecture, and sustainability-a convergence where creative arts, technology, and collective action craft an inheritable Earth. This is not a mere aspiration; it's a shared commitment and affirmation of our dedication to a sustainable, equitable, and thriving Earth-a legacy we proudly pass on to future generations

"The Genesis of Disputes: Sorting Out the Complex Interplay of Human Behaviours, Natural Sciences, and Conflict Resolution Strategies in the Workplace", 2023

AI, Vis.Com,Graphic Science,Architecture and Construction

The article, explores the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), visual communication, and ... more The article, explores the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), visual communication, and sensing architecture within the architecture and construction industry. It showcases how these innovations are shaping the future of architectural design and the sensory experiences of occupants. AI-driven generative design tools are highlighted as the driving force behind a new era in architecture. These algorithms, fuelled by vast data, produce designs that are efficient, sustainable, and artistically compelling. They empower architects and engineers to unlock unprecedented levels of creativity. Virtual and augmented reality, enhanced by AI, facilitates immersive design experiences and cross-border collaborations, enabling stakeholders to interact with 3D models and make realtime design decisions. Sensing architecture, a concept merging technology and human senses, is at the heart of the article. Sensors capture data related to sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell, and this data informs the design process. Visual sensors optimize lighting, acoustic sensors fine-tune soundscapes, and haptic and olfactory sensors cater to the tactile and aromatic experiences of occupants. Environmental sensors ensure well-being by regulating air quality, temperature, and lighting.

GeoTech Investigations

The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) has been a fundamental tool in geotechnical investigations fo... more The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) has been a fundamental tool in geotechnical investigations for decades, offering valuable insights into soil properties and foundation design. Nevertheless, the widespread adoption of substandard equipment and unscientific practices in some regions has raised concerns about the reliability and consistency of SPT results. This article aims to illuminate the ideal conditions and procedures for conducting the SPT while emphasizing the flaws and shortcomings associated with arbitrary methods. By doing so, it seeks to sensitize field engineers and clients to the importance of adhering to scientific principles in geotechnical investigations.

Geoscience, 2023

This article explores how a grasp of basic sciences-chemistry, thermodynamics, and entropy-profou... more This article explores how a grasp of basic sciences-chemistry, thermodynamics, and entropy-profoundly influences our ability to design and construct foundations within the dynamic context of geothermal systems. By harmonizing nature's principles with human innovation, we pave the way for a greener and more resilient future.

Systems Approch for Future Mobility in Urban Cities

This article explores the pressing issue of urban mobility and the growing challenges posed by th... more This article explores the pressing issue of urban mobility and the growing challenges posed by the ever-increasing number of automobiles in our cities. Despite extensive road infrastructure development, urban administrators grapple with the recurring problem of traffic congestion, emphasizing the need for a systematic and holistic approach. A Systems Approach to Urban Mobility is proposed as a comprehensive strategy that integrates various aspects of transportation, parking, breakdown assistance, and vehicle theft prevention. By regulating automobile mobility through measures such as congestion pricing and promoting shared and eco-friendly mobility, cities can reduce congestion and emissions. Efficient parking solutions, technology-driven traffic management, and responsible citizen behaviour further contribute to a streamlined urban experience. Additionally, the role of politicians in setting an example of responsible mobility is highlighted. Public awareness, education, and the importance of balancing urban growth with sustainability are also discussed as critical components of this approach. By implementing a systems approach, cities can transform into models of efficient and sustainable urban living, fostering pleasant mobility and leaving traffic congestion behind.

Distress on Deep Foundations due to Temperature Effect, 2023

This article examines into the critical role of temperature effects on foundation design in the c... more This article examines into the critical role of temperature effects on foundation design in the construction industry. It highlights the increasing importance of considering temperature variations, particularly in deep foundations, and the implications these variations have on structural integrity.

"Breaking Down Barriers: Harnessing AI to Overcome Mental Model Limitations in Alternative Dispute Resolution"-A Discussion. "Breaking Down Barriers: Harnessing AI to Overcome Mental Model Limitations in Alternative Dispute Resolution"-A Discussion. , 2023

This article highlights the challenges posed by mental model limitations, which can affect the de... more This article highlights the challenges posed by mental model limitations, which can affect the decision-making abilities of mediators or arbitrators in the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process. The title also suggests that AI can play a key role in addressing these limitations, by providing data-driven insights and analysis that can help to broaden perspectives and overcome biases.
Overall, the article outlines the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance the ADR process, and positions it as a solution to some of the challenges and limitations that have traditionally hindered effective dispute resolution.

Key performance indicators represent a particular value or characteristic that is measured to ass... more Key performance indicators represent a particular value or characteristic that is measured to assess whether an organization's goals are being achieved. The main benefit of a KPI is that it collects all the data from various individuals and combines it on a main data base. But does not address the constraints involved to achieve the goals is a setback for leaders to take decision. Smart city is a complex system and attributes vary from state to state and city to city even with same IT system. In this context KPI metrics confuse the stake holders rather helping in promoting the sustainable smart city services.

— Productivity is an essential performance measurement tool. In developing countries like India, ... more — Productivity is an essential performance measurement tool. In developing countries like India, the construction sector is highly unorganized in terms of man, money and material, making it a poorly managed sector in the present scenario. Recent researches are mainly focused on Data Analysis techniques like Likert Scale, Relative importance Index. The results produced by these methodologies give ranking of the key factors that influence the issue. But, a next dimension of work is required to help analyze the productivity measures, which must encompass the whole problem and lead to solutions with less effort, less cost and more efficiency. That is, the focus of 'parts' to 'whole' must be changed to 'whole' to 'parts'. One such potential approach is Systems thinking and Systems Analysis done by applying system methodologies. This approach considers all the elements of the system in which the construction productivity is a part of, which would lead to the identification of the interrelationships , inter-dependencies and interactions within the elements. Thus, a productive measure of better perspective can be suggested. For better understanding a system analysis was carried out on Construction Labour Productivity using Interpretive Strucctural Modeling (ISM), a system methodology and compared with Likert Scale Analysis, The outcome proves the suitability of systems thinking in construction sector. Thus the system of the systems approach of a construction productivity management consists predominantly of the respondents' attributes, system methodologies (ISM, Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic), and the interpreter's intelligence.

Combating Employability and Unemployment Challenges in Engineering Profession By Harnessing Seaml... more Combating Employability and Unemployment Challenges in Engineering Profession By Harnessing Seamless Engineering Curriculum