YASIR RAFIQ KHAN - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Drafts by YASIR RAFIQ KHAN
Papers by YASIR RAFIQ KHAN
In Model-Driven Engineering, as in many engineering approaches, it is desireable to be able to as... more In Model-Driven Engineering, as in many engineering approaches, it is desireable to be able to assess the quality of a system or model as it evolves. A resilient engineering practice systematically assesses whether evolutions improve on the capabilities of a system. We argue that to achieve a systematic resilient model-driven engineering practice, resilience concepts should be first-class citizens in models. This article discusses how DREF, a formal framework defining resilience concepts, can be integrated with other modeling languages in order to pursue a resilient development process.
A coupling method of homotopy method and Laplace transform for fractional modells
Slicing High-level Petri nets
ABSTRACT High-level Petri nets (evolutions of low-level Petri nets) are well suitable formalisms ... more ABSTRACT High-level Petri nets (evolutions of low-level Petri nets) are well suitable formalisms to represent complex data, which influence the behavior of distributed, concurrent systems. However, usual verification techniques such as model checking and testing remain an open challenge for both (i.e., low-level and high-level Petri nets) because of the state space explosion problem and test case selection. The contribution of this paper is to propose a technique to improve the model checking and test- ing of systems modeled using Algebraic Petri nets (a variant of high-level petri nets). To achieve the objective, we propose different slicing algo- rithms for Algebraic Petri nets. We argue that our slicing algorithms significantly improve the state of the art related to slicing APNs and can also be applied to low-level Petri nets with slight modifications. We exemplify our proposed algorithms through a case study of a car crash management system.
Abstract T P154: Association of Common Variants in Immune Response Genes with Severity of Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Type 1
Stroke, Feb 1, 2014
A new semi-analytical approach for numerical solving of Cauchy problem for functional differential equations
ABSTRACT One of the major challenges of contemporary mathematics is numerical solving of various ... more ABSTRACT One of the major challenges of contemporary mathematics is numerical solving of various problems for functional differential equations (FDE), in particular Cauchy problem for delayed and neutral differential equations. Recently large variety of methods to handle this task appeared. In the paper, we present new semi-analytical approach for FDE's consisting in combination of the method of steps and a technique called differential transformation method (DTM). This approach reduces the original Cauchy problem for delayed or neutral differential equation to Cauchy problem for ordinary differential equation for which DTM is convenient and efficient method. Moreover, there is no need of any symbolic calculations or initial approximation guesstimates in contrast to methods like homotopy analysis method, homotopy perturbation method, variational iteration method or Adomian decomposition method. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown on certain classes of FDE's with multiple constant delays including FDE of neutral type. We also compare it to the current approach of using DTM and the Adomian decomposition method where Cauchy problem is not well posed.
A Coupling Method of Homotopy Perturbation and Laplace Transformation for Fractional Models
Upb Scientific Bulletin Series a Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2012
This paper suggests a novel coupling method of homotopy perturbation and Laplace transformation f... more This paper suggests a novel coupling method of homotopy perturbation and Laplace transformation for fractional models. This method is based on He's homotopy perturbation, Laplace transformation and the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. However, all the ...
Journal of Food Science and Technology Mysore, Dec 1, 2014
As the world hunts eagerly for alternative fuel sources, microalgae are attracting wide interest.... more As the world hunts eagerly for alternative fuel sources, microalgae are attracting wide interest. Lipids derived from algae hold great promise as a biofuel feedstock. The high-lipid content found in some species is a fundamental edge. So are algae's high per-acre productivity and its ability in thriving in areas not already used for food production. Therefore, there are vigorous research initiatives aimed to develop alternative renewable and potentially carbon neutral solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels as alternative energy resources. However, alternate energy resources akin to first generation biofuels derived from terrestrial crops such as sugar beet, sugarcane, rapeseed and maize place an enormous strain on world food markets, contribute to water shortages and precipitate the destruction of the world's forests. Second generation biofuels derived from lignocellulosic agriculture and forest residues; however there is a serious concern over competing land use or required land use changes. Therefore, on the base of current knowledge and technology projections, third generation biofuels specifically derived from microalgae are considered to be a technically viable alternative energy resource that is devoid of the major drawbacks associated with first and second generation biofuels. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with very simple growing requirements (sugars, light, N, P, CO2, and K) that can produce lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in large amounts over short periods of time. These products can be processed into both biofuels and valuable co-products. This study reviewed the technologies underpinning microalgae-to-biofuels systems, focusing on the biomass production, harvesting, conversion technologies, and the extraction of useful co-products. It also reviewed the synergistic pairing of microalgae propagation with carbon sequestration and wastewater treatment potency for mitigation of environmental impacts associated with energy conversion and utilisation. It was found that, whereas there are outstanding issues related to photosynthetic efficiencies and biomass output, microalgae-derived biofuels could progressively substitute a significant proportion of the fossil fuels required to meet the growing energy demand.
Precocious puberty in children
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan Jcpsp, Feb 1, 2015
OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiology of precocious puberty in children and to compare the clinica... more OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiology of precocious puberty in children and to compare the clinical and laboratory parameters of central and peripheral precocious puberty.STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Endocrine Clinic at National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, from January 2009 to December 2011.METHODOLOGY: Children presenting with precocious puberty were included. The age of onset of puberty was documented. Clinical evaluation, Tanner staging, height, height SDS, weight, weight SDS, body mass index, bone age, pelvic USG, plasma estradiol level and GnRH stimulation were done. Ultrasound of adrenal glands, serum level of 17 hydroxyprogesterone, ACTH, Renin, aldosterone and testosterone were performed in children with peripheral precocious puberty. MRI of adrenal glands and gonads was done in patients with suspected tumor of that organ and MRI of brain was done in patients with central precocious puberty. Skeletal survey was done in patients with Mc Cune-Albright syndrome.RESULTS: CAH (81.8%) indentified as a main cause in peripheral percocious puberty and idiopathic (67.74%) in central precocious puberty. Eighty five patients were registered during this period. The conditions causing precocious puberty were central precocious puberty (36.47%), peripheral precocious puberty (38.82%), premature pubarche (10.58%) and premature thelarche (14.11%). There was a difference in the age of onset of puberty in case of central precocious puberty (mean=3, 2-6 years) versus peripheral precocious puberty (mean=5.25; 3.62 - 7.0 years). Children with central precocious puberty showed higher height SDS, weight SDS, FSH, LH than those with peripheral precocious puberty.CONCLUSION: Etiology in majority of cases with peripheral precocious puberty was congenital adrenal hyperplasia and idiopathic in central precocious puberty. Central precocious puberty children showed higher height SDS, weight SDS, FSH, LH than peripheral precocious puberty.
Virtual reality for neuropsychological diagnosis and rehabilitation: a survey
Proceedings on Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization, 2003. IV 2003., 2000
Recently the considerable potential of virtual reality has been recognized for the scientific stu... more Recently the considerable potential of virtual reality has been recognized for the scientific study, diagnosis and treatment in the field of mental healthcare. It provides unique opportunity to provide natural interface and to mimic actual challenges faced by impaired subjects in ...
A Series Solution of the Long Porous Slider
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 10402004 2010 533818, Dec 23, 2010
A series solution of the long porous slider problem where fluid is injected through the porous bo... more A series solution of the long porous slider problem where fluid is injected through the porous bottom is obtained using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). Similarity solu-tions of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations re-sulting from the momentum equation are ...
Jpma the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Feb 1, 2011
Effect of intravenous pamidronate treatment in children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan Jcpsp, Sep 1, 2014
ABSTRACT To assess the beneficial effect of intravenous pamidronate treatment in children with os... more ABSTRACT To assess the beneficial effect of intravenous pamidronate treatment in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).
PLOS ONE, 2015
Helminth parasites of veterinary importance cause huge revenue losses to agrarian economy worldwi... more Helminth parasites of veterinary importance cause huge revenue losses to agrarian economy worldwide. With the emergence of drug resistance against the current formulations, there is a need to focus on the alternative approaches in order to control this menace. In the present study, biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were used to see their in vitro effect on the biliary amphistomes, Gigantocotyle explanatum, infecting Bubalus bubalis because these nanoparticles are involved in generation of free radicals that induce oxidative stress, resulting in disruption of cellular machinery. The ZnO NPs were synthesized by using egg albumin as a biotemplate and subsequently characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction and Spectrophotometrical, which showed that ZnO NPs were highly purified wurtzite type polycrystals, with a mean size of 16.7 nm. When the parasites were treated with lower concentrations (0.004% and 0.008%) of the ZnO NPs, the worms mounted a protective response by stimulating the antioxidant system but the treatment of G. explanatum with 0.012% ZnO NPs produced significant inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< 0.05) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) (p<0.01), while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, was significantly (p< 0.01) elevated. SEM and histopathology revealed pronounced tegumental damage showing the disruption of surface papillae and the annulations, particularly in the posterior region near acetabulum. The under expression of a number of polypeptides, loss of worm motility in a time dependent manner, further reflect strong anthelmintic potential of ZnO NPs. It can be concluded that the anthelmintic effect might be due to the production of reactive oxygen species that target a variety of macromolecules such as nucleic acid, protein and lipids which are involved in different cellular processes.
An efficient computational approach to solving singular initial value problems for Lane–Emden type equations
Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2015
Somatic Antigens of Tropical Liver Flukes Ameliorate Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Wistar Rats
PLOS ONE, 2015
Parasitic helminths polarize immune response of their vertebrate hosts towards anti-inflammatory ... more Parasitic helminths polarize immune response of their vertebrate hosts towards anti-inflammatory Th2 type and therefore it is hypothesized that they may suppress the inflammatory conditions in autoimmune disorders. The present study was undertaken to investigate in vivo immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential of somatic antigens (Ag) of liver infecting digenetic trematodes [Fasciola gigantica (Fg) and Gigantocotyle explanatum (Ge)] in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) Wistar rats. The CIA rats were administered subcutaneously with different doses (50 μg, 100 μg and 150 μg) of somatic antigens of Fg and Ge, daily for 21 days, the time period required to establish infection in natural host (Bubalus bubalis). Thereafter, the control, diseased and treated rats were compared for different parameters viz. hind paw thickness; serum interleukins, IL-4 and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ); expression level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -9, -13 and nitric oxide (NO) in knee joints and patellar morphology. The CIA rats treated with different antigens, Fg-Ag and Ge-Ag, show significant amelioration of the disease by down regulation of serum TNF-α and IFN-γ (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) and upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05); inhibition (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) of MMPs (-2,-9,-13) and NO in knee joints and improved patellar morphology with decreased synovial hypertrophy and reduced infiltration of ploymorphonuclear cells. The activity of pro as well as active MMPs (-2 and -9) and active MMP-13 in knee joints of CIA rats was very high compared to the control and treatment groups, suggesting the extent of collagen degradation in CIA rats. Interestingly, the highest dose (150 μg) of Ge-Ag almost wiped out MMP-13 expression. The overall findings suggest that the somatic proteins of Ge-Ag appeared to be therapeutically more effective than Fg-Ag, reflecting interspecific molecular differences which could contribute to the ability of these worms to successfully ameliorate the pathology of CIA.
Analytical Study of the Non Orthogonal Stagnation Point flow of a Micro polar fluid
Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2015
ABSTRACT In this paper we consider steady two dimensional flow of micro polar fluid on a flat pla... more ABSTRACT In this paper we consider steady two dimensional flow of micro polar fluid on a flat plate. The flow under discussion is modified Hiemenz flow for a micro polar fluid which occurs in the hjkns + skms boundary layer near an orthogonal stagnation point. The full governing equation reduced to modified Hiemenz flow. The solution to the boundary value problem is governed by two non dimensional parameters, the material parameterK and the ratio of the micro rotation to skin friction parametern. the obtained nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations are solved by using Homotopy perturbation method. Comparison between numerical and analytical solution of the problem are shown in tables form for different values of the governing parameters K and n. The effects of the material parameter K on the velocity profile and microrotation profile for different cases of n are discussed by graphically as well as numerically. Velocity profile decreases as material parameterKincreases and microrotation profile increases as material parameter K increases for different cases of n is investigated.
Difference kernel iterative method for linear and nonlinear partial differential equations
Neural Computing and Applications, 2015
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper was to propose a new method to solve partial differential equa... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper was to propose a new method to solve partial differential equations arising in the field of science and engineering. In this new method, we have reduced the multiple integrals into a single integral and expressed it in terms of a difference kernel. To make the calculation easy and convenient, we have used the Laplace transformation to solve the difference kernel. The method is very simple, easy to understand and calculation minimizing as compared to the Adomian decomposition method and the variational iteration method. Some examples are given to verify the reliability and efficiency of the method.
In Model-Driven Engineering, as in many engineering approaches, it is desireable to be able to as... more In Model-Driven Engineering, as in many engineering approaches, it is desireable to be able to assess the quality of a system or model as it evolves. A resilient engineering practice systematically assesses whether evolutions improve on the capabilities of a system. We argue that to achieve a systematic resilient model-driven engineering practice, resilience concepts should be first-class citizens in models. This article discusses how DREF, a formal framework defining resilience concepts, can be integrated with other modeling languages in order to pursue a resilient development process.
A coupling method of homotopy method and Laplace transform for fractional modells
Slicing High-level Petri nets
ABSTRACT High-level Petri nets (evolutions of low-level Petri nets) are well suitable formalisms ... more ABSTRACT High-level Petri nets (evolutions of low-level Petri nets) are well suitable formalisms to represent complex data, which influence the behavior of distributed, concurrent systems. However, usual verification techniques such as model checking and testing remain an open challenge for both (i.e., low-level and high-level Petri nets) because of the state space explosion problem and test case selection. The contribution of this paper is to propose a technique to improve the model checking and test- ing of systems modeled using Algebraic Petri nets (a variant of high-level petri nets). To achieve the objective, we propose different slicing algo- rithms for Algebraic Petri nets. We argue that our slicing algorithms significantly improve the state of the art related to slicing APNs and can also be applied to low-level Petri nets with slight modifications. We exemplify our proposed algorithms through a case study of a car crash management system.
Abstract T P154: Association of Common Variants in Immune Response Genes with Severity of Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Type 1
Stroke, Feb 1, 2014
A new semi-analytical approach for numerical solving of Cauchy problem for functional differential equations
ABSTRACT One of the major challenges of contemporary mathematics is numerical solving of various ... more ABSTRACT One of the major challenges of contemporary mathematics is numerical solving of various problems for functional differential equations (FDE), in particular Cauchy problem for delayed and neutral differential equations. Recently large variety of methods to handle this task appeared. In the paper, we present new semi-analytical approach for FDE's consisting in combination of the method of steps and a technique called differential transformation method (DTM). This approach reduces the original Cauchy problem for delayed or neutral differential equation to Cauchy problem for ordinary differential equation for which DTM is convenient and efficient method. Moreover, there is no need of any symbolic calculations or initial approximation guesstimates in contrast to methods like homotopy analysis method, homotopy perturbation method, variational iteration method or Adomian decomposition method. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown on certain classes of FDE's with multiple constant delays including FDE of neutral type. We also compare it to the current approach of using DTM and the Adomian decomposition method where Cauchy problem is not well posed.
A Coupling Method of Homotopy Perturbation and Laplace Transformation for Fractional Models
Upb Scientific Bulletin Series a Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2012
This paper suggests a novel coupling method of homotopy perturbation and Laplace transformation f... more This paper suggests a novel coupling method of homotopy perturbation and Laplace transformation for fractional models. This method is based on He's homotopy perturbation, Laplace transformation and the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. However, all the ...
Journal of Food Science and Technology Mysore, Dec 1, 2014
As the world hunts eagerly for alternative fuel sources, microalgae are attracting wide interest.... more As the world hunts eagerly for alternative fuel sources, microalgae are attracting wide interest. Lipids derived from algae hold great promise as a biofuel feedstock. The high-lipid content found in some species is a fundamental edge. So are algae's high per-acre productivity and its ability in thriving in areas not already used for food production. Therefore, there are vigorous research initiatives aimed to develop alternative renewable and potentially carbon neutral solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels as alternative energy resources. However, alternate energy resources akin to first generation biofuels derived from terrestrial crops such as sugar beet, sugarcane, rapeseed and maize place an enormous strain on world food markets, contribute to water shortages and precipitate the destruction of the world's forests. Second generation biofuels derived from lignocellulosic agriculture and forest residues; however there is a serious concern over competing land use or required land use changes. Therefore, on the base of current knowledge and technology projections, third generation biofuels specifically derived from microalgae are considered to be a technically viable alternative energy resource that is devoid of the major drawbacks associated with first and second generation biofuels. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with very simple growing requirements (sugars, light, N, P, CO2, and K) that can produce lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in large amounts over short periods of time. These products can be processed into both biofuels and valuable co-products. This study reviewed the technologies underpinning microalgae-to-biofuels systems, focusing on the biomass production, harvesting, conversion technologies, and the extraction of useful co-products. It also reviewed the synergistic pairing of microalgae propagation with carbon sequestration and wastewater treatment potency for mitigation of environmental impacts associated with energy conversion and utilisation. It was found that, whereas there are outstanding issues related to photosynthetic efficiencies and biomass output, microalgae-derived biofuels could progressively substitute a significant proportion of the fossil fuels required to meet the growing energy demand.
Precocious puberty in children
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan Jcpsp, Feb 1, 2015
OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiology of precocious puberty in children and to compare the clinica... more OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiology of precocious puberty in children and to compare the clinical and laboratory parameters of central and peripheral precocious puberty.STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Endocrine Clinic at National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, from January 2009 to December 2011.METHODOLOGY: Children presenting with precocious puberty were included. The age of onset of puberty was documented. Clinical evaluation, Tanner staging, height, height SDS, weight, weight SDS, body mass index, bone age, pelvic USG, plasma estradiol level and GnRH stimulation were done. Ultrasound of adrenal glands, serum level of 17 hydroxyprogesterone, ACTH, Renin, aldosterone and testosterone were performed in children with peripheral precocious puberty. MRI of adrenal glands and gonads was done in patients with suspected tumor of that organ and MRI of brain was done in patients with central precocious puberty. Skeletal survey was done in patients with Mc Cune-Albright syndrome.RESULTS: CAH (81.8%) indentified as a main cause in peripheral percocious puberty and idiopathic (67.74%) in central precocious puberty. Eighty five patients were registered during this period. The conditions causing precocious puberty were central precocious puberty (36.47%), peripheral precocious puberty (38.82%), premature pubarche (10.58%) and premature thelarche (14.11%). There was a difference in the age of onset of puberty in case of central precocious puberty (mean=3, 2-6 years) versus peripheral precocious puberty (mean=5.25; 3.62 - 7.0 years). Children with central precocious puberty showed higher height SDS, weight SDS, FSH, LH than those with peripheral precocious puberty.CONCLUSION: Etiology in majority of cases with peripheral precocious puberty was congenital adrenal hyperplasia and idiopathic in central precocious puberty. Central precocious puberty children showed higher height SDS, weight SDS, FSH, LH than peripheral precocious puberty.
Virtual reality for neuropsychological diagnosis and rehabilitation: a survey
Proceedings on Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization, 2003. IV 2003., 2000
Recently the considerable potential of virtual reality has been recognized for the scientific stu... more Recently the considerable potential of virtual reality has been recognized for the scientific study, diagnosis and treatment in the field of mental healthcare. It provides unique opportunity to provide natural interface and to mimic actual challenges faced by impaired subjects in ...
A Series Solution of the Long Porous Slider
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 10402004 2010 533818, Dec 23, 2010
A series solution of the long porous slider problem where fluid is injected through the porous bo... more A series solution of the long porous slider problem where fluid is injected through the porous bottom is obtained using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). Similarity solu-tions of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations re-sulting from the momentum equation are ...
Jpma the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Feb 1, 2011
Effect of intravenous pamidronate treatment in children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan Jcpsp, Sep 1, 2014
ABSTRACT To assess the beneficial effect of intravenous pamidronate treatment in children with os... more ABSTRACT To assess the beneficial effect of intravenous pamidronate treatment in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).
PLOS ONE, 2015
Helminth parasites of veterinary importance cause huge revenue losses to agrarian economy worldwi... more Helminth parasites of veterinary importance cause huge revenue losses to agrarian economy worldwide. With the emergence of drug resistance against the current formulations, there is a need to focus on the alternative approaches in order to control this menace. In the present study, biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were used to see their in vitro effect on the biliary amphistomes, Gigantocotyle explanatum, infecting Bubalus bubalis because these nanoparticles are involved in generation of free radicals that induce oxidative stress, resulting in disruption of cellular machinery. The ZnO NPs were synthesized by using egg albumin as a biotemplate and subsequently characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction and Spectrophotometrical, which showed that ZnO NPs were highly purified wurtzite type polycrystals, with a mean size of 16.7 nm. When the parasites were treated with lower concentrations (0.004% and 0.008%) of the ZnO NPs, the worms mounted a protective response by stimulating the antioxidant system but the treatment of G. explanatum with 0.012% ZnO NPs produced significant inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< 0.05) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) (p<0.01), while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, was significantly (p< 0.01) elevated. SEM and histopathology revealed pronounced tegumental damage showing the disruption of surface papillae and the annulations, particularly in the posterior region near acetabulum. The under expression of a number of polypeptides, loss of worm motility in a time dependent manner, further reflect strong anthelmintic potential of ZnO NPs. It can be concluded that the anthelmintic effect might be due to the production of reactive oxygen species that target a variety of macromolecules such as nucleic acid, protein and lipids which are involved in different cellular processes.
An efficient computational approach to solving singular initial value problems for Lane–Emden type equations
Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2015
Somatic Antigens of Tropical Liver Flukes Ameliorate Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Wistar Rats
PLOS ONE, 2015
Parasitic helminths polarize immune response of their vertebrate hosts towards anti-inflammatory ... more Parasitic helminths polarize immune response of their vertebrate hosts towards anti-inflammatory Th2 type and therefore it is hypothesized that they may suppress the inflammatory conditions in autoimmune disorders. The present study was undertaken to investigate in vivo immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential of somatic antigens (Ag) of liver infecting digenetic trematodes [Fasciola gigantica (Fg) and Gigantocotyle explanatum (Ge)] in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) Wistar rats. The CIA rats were administered subcutaneously with different doses (50 μg, 100 μg and 150 μg) of somatic antigens of Fg and Ge, daily for 21 days, the time period required to establish infection in natural host (Bubalus bubalis). Thereafter, the control, diseased and treated rats were compared for different parameters viz. hind paw thickness; serum interleukins, IL-4 and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ); expression level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -9, -13 and nitric oxide (NO) in knee joints and patellar morphology. The CIA rats treated with different antigens, Fg-Ag and Ge-Ag, show significant amelioration of the disease by down regulation of serum TNF-α and IFN-γ (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) and upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05); inhibition (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) of MMPs (-2,-9,-13) and NO in knee joints and improved patellar morphology with decreased synovial hypertrophy and reduced infiltration of ploymorphonuclear cells. The activity of pro as well as active MMPs (-2 and -9) and active MMP-13 in knee joints of CIA rats was very high compared to the control and treatment groups, suggesting the extent of collagen degradation in CIA rats. Interestingly, the highest dose (150 μg) of Ge-Ag almost wiped out MMP-13 expression. The overall findings suggest that the somatic proteins of Ge-Ag appeared to be therapeutically more effective than Fg-Ag, reflecting interspecific molecular differences which could contribute to the ability of these worms to successfully ameliorate the pathology of CIA.
Analytical Study of the Non Orthogonal Stagnation Point flow of a Micro polar fluid
Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2015
ABSTRACT In this paper we consider steady two dimensional flow of micro polar fluid on a flat pla... more ABSTRACT In this paper we consider steady two dimensional flow of micro polar fluid on a flat plate. The flow under discussion is modified Hiemenz flow for a micro polar fluid which occurs in the hjkns + skms boundary layer near an orthogonal stagnation point. The full governing equation reduced to modified Hiemenz flow. The solution to the boundary value problem is governed by two non dimensional parameters, the material parameterK and the ratio of the micro rotation to skin friction parametern. the obtained nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations are solved by using Homotopy perturbation method. Comparison between numerical and analytical solution of the problem are shown in tables form for different values of the governing parameters K and n. The effects of the material parameter K on the velocity profile and microrotation profile for different cases of n are discussed by graphically as well as numerically. Velocity profile decreases as material parameterKincreases and microrotation profile increases as material parameter K increases for different cases of n is investigated.
Difference kernel iterative method for linear and nonlinear partial differential equations
Neural Computing and Applications, 2015
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper was to propose a new method to solve partial differential equa... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper was to propose a new method to solve partial differential equations arising in the field of science and engineering. In this new method, we have reduced the multiple integrals into a single integral and expressed it in terms of a difference kernel. To make the calculation easy and convenient, we have used the Laplace transformation to solve the difference kernel. The method is very simple, easy to understand and calculation minimizing as compared to the Adomian decomposition method and the variational iteration method. Some examples are given to verify the reliability and efficiency of the method.
TheScientificWorldJournal, 2015
Under the new Hölder conditions, we consider the convergence analysis of the inverse-free Jarratt... more Under the new Hölder conditions, we consider the convergence analysis of the inverse-free Jarratt method in Banach space which is used to solve the nonlinear operator equation. We establish a new semilocal convergence theorem for the inverse-free Jarratt method and present an error estimate. Finally, three examples are provided to show the application of the theorem.