Sany Ihsan | International Islamic University Malaysia (original) (raw)

Papers by Sany Ihsan

Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, 2023

IOP conference series, Mar 1, 2017

The performance of parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) has been evaluated using different hea... more The performance of parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) has been evaluated using different heat transfer working fluids; namely water and SAE20 W50 engine oil. New and slightly improved PTSC was developed to run the experimental study. Under the meteorological conditions of Malaysia, authors found that PTSC can operate at a higher temperature than water collector but the performance efficiency of collector using engine oil is much lower than the water collector.

This paper presents a model for design and analysis of thin cantilever plate for flutter based mi... more This paper presents a model for design and analysis of thin cantilever plate for flutter based micro generators. The analytical model formulates the flow induced response on the cantilever plates at various parameters and determines the frequency of flutter which is crucial in designing and selecting proper geometry for a flutter based micro generator. The model makes use of a novel method to solve flutter frequency by equating two different formulations of lift and moment force induced in the structure during the flow. The frequency analysis conducted in this study shows that the thin cantilever plate’s flutter frequency reduces with increase in its width and varies minimal to change in length.

Book Publisher International, Dec 1, 2020

The Global Automotive Policy (GAP) objective is the development of advanced automotive technologi... more The Global Automotive Policy (GAP) objective is the development of advanced automotive technologies related to Mobility­as­a­Service, Next Generation Vehicle (NxGV) and Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0. NxGVs can be electric vehicles (EV) and electrical conditional automation vehicles (EAV). Technologies prototyping for NxGV with increasing levels of automation will be the clear mobility of the future. The NxGV transmission could be either an automatic transmission (AT) or a continuously variable transmission (CVT). However, the automatic gearbox and CVT are heavier and require more space, therefore they consume more energy and are difficult to install with an NxGV electric motor. In addition, the single­speed gearbox (SSGB) is lighter, but not suitable for delivering enough torque in climbing. Therefore, developing a compact and automatic energy efficient transmission is a key technology challenge for NxGV. The purpose of this study is to present a prototype of a compact and lightweight artificial adaptive fuzzy interference system (AAFIS) electromagnetic two ­ speed gearbox (AEM2SGB) for the NxGV in accordance with the GAP 2020 and IR4.0 forward policy. Research Management Centre (RMC), International Islamic University Malaysia with a research grant “Research Incentive Flagship Grant (Ref. RIF19­032­0032), financed this project. The AEM2­SGB was developed for a 3.0 kN IIUM test car using equivalent road loads and found the AEM2SGB's shift times in first gear to be 1.5 seconds with a higher torque of 530 Nm and 1.8 seconds in second gear for 110 km / h. The high­end AEM2SGB is therefore expected to reduce the weight of the NxGV drivetrain by about 46% and improve the performance of the NxGV by reducing power consumption by about 30% and extending the range by 15%. AAFIS capabilities for successful management of AEM2SGB can operate in NxGV automatic mode

This paper presents a model for design and analysis of thin cantilever plate for flutter based mi... more This paper presents a model for design and analysis of thin cantilever plate for flutter based micro generators. The analytical model formulates the flow induced response on the cantilever plates at various parameters and determines the frequency of flutter which is crucial in designing and selecting proper geometry for a flutter based micro generator. The model makes use of a novel method to solve flutter frequency by equating two different formulations of lift and moment force induced in the structure during the flow. The frequency analysis conducted in this study shows that the thin cantilever plate’s flutter frequency reduces with increase in its width and varies minimal to change in length.

Electric drive vehicle uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for a propulsion. A mu... more Electric drive vehicle uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for a propulsion. A multispeed electric vehicle (EV) transmission adds weight, complicacy, and friction reduce the vehicle traction efficiency. Among epicyclic transmission (ET) with a single motor gear shifter or manual transmission or automatic transmission (AT) and continuously variable transmission (CVT), the ET is a complex transmission because most of the driver doesn't know properly the transmission option. The efficiency of the gearbox is an important factor of the inverter and driving manner. The aim of this study is to develop of electromagnetic 2-speed gearbox (EM-2SGB), which would contribute on the reduction of the vehicle transmission losses from 15% to 5%. This proposed 2-speed gearbox would be able to improve the vehicle transmission shift quality and acceleration time in 250 ms to reach the speed of 35 km/h in 15% road gradient. The lighter and compact energy efficient EM-2SGB is expected to increase the vehicle overall performance about 25%. © BEIESP.

Book Publisher International, Dec 1, 2020

The Global Automotive Policy (GAP) objective is the development of advanced automotive technologi... more The Global Automotive Policy (GAP) objective is the development of advanced automotive technologies related to Mobility­as­a­Service, Next Generation Vehicle (NxGV) and Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0. NxGVs can be electric vehicles (EV) and electrical conditional automation vehicles (EAV). Technologies prototyping for NxGV with increasing levels of automation will be the clear mobility of the future. The NxGV transmission could be either an automatic transmission (AT) or a continuously variable transmission (CVT). However, the automatic gearbox and CVT are heavier and require more space, therefore they consume more energy and are difficult to install with an NxGV electric motor. In addition, the single­speed gearbox (SSGB) is lighter, but not suitable for delivering enough torque in climbing. Therefore, developing a compact and automatic energy efficient transmission is a key technology challenge for NxGV. The purpose of this study is to present a prototype of a compact and lightweight artificial adaptive fuzzy interference system (AAFIS) electromagnetic two ­ speed gearbox (AEM2SGB) for the NxGV in accordance with the GAP 2020 and IR4.0 forward policy. Research Management Centre (RMC), International Islamic University Malaysia with a research grant “Research Incentive Flagship Grant (Ref. RIF19­032­0032), financed this project. The AEM2­SGB was developed for a 3.0 kN IIUM test car using equivalent road loads and found the AEM2SGB's shift times in first gear to be 1.5 seconds with a higher torque of 530 Nm and 1.8 seconds in second gear for 110 km / h. The high­end AEM2SGB is therefore expected to reduce the weight of the NxGV drivetrain by about 46% and improve the performance of the NxGV by reducing power consumption by about 30% and extending the range by 15%. AAFIS capabilities for successful management of AEM2SGB can operate in NxGV automatic mode

Reducing the weight of automobile helps improve energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG... more Reducing the weight of automobile helps improve energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Multifunctional components of the automobile are one of the best options which could be useful to make the vehicle lighter and functional as an energy storage and source. Polymer Nano-filler composites signify as the most encouraging and promising family of materials for the solid electrolyte of vehicle energy technology due to its wide band-gap and higher charge density capacity under an electrical field (electron drift) and thermal effect (diffusion). This paper reviews the prospects of Nano-fillers conductive polymer solid electrolyte sandwiched by carbon fibre (CF) and lithium (Li) plate composite for the EV panel serves as the electric energy storing. The reviewed studies shows that the dielectric sandwiched composite body would save 15% electric vehicle energy (3000 Wh) by cutaway body weight and battery size by 30%, store the vehicle regenerative braking power density about 600-700Wh, save the vehicle passengers’ air-conditioning power density about 5% (1000 Wh) from heat insulation. The characteristics of new technology in terms of energy saving and generation indicates that the 33kWh battery equipped electric vehicle would be able to save 4.7 kWh energy which would enhance the vehicle travelling distance about 25 km and reduce the emission and could cut the cost of battery power pack about USD3500 per vehicle.

Electric drive vehicle uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for a propulsion. A mu... more Electric drive vehicle uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for a propulsion. A multispeed electric vehicle (EV) transmission adds weight, complicacy, and friction reduce the vehicle traction efficiency. Among epicyclic transmission (ET) with a single motor gear shifter or manual transmission or automatic transmission (AT) and continuously variable transmission (CVT), the ET is a complex transmission because most of the driver doesn't know properly the transmission option. The efficiency of the gearbox is an important factor of the inverter and driving manner. The aim of this study is to develop of electromagnetic 2-speed gearbox (EM-2SGB), which would contribute on the reduction of the vehicle transmission losses from 15% to 5%. This proposed 2-speed gearbox would be able to improve the vehicle transmission shift quality and acceleration time in 250 ms to reach the speed of 35 km/h in 15% road gradient. The lighter and compact energy efficient EM-2SGB is expected to increase the vehicle overall performance about 25%. © BEIESP.

Nowadays, the continuously increasing diminution of conventional fossil fuels has increased the i... more Nowadays, the continuously increasing diminution of conventional fossil fuels has increased the interest of the research and development sectors in finding green and renewable supplements. A momentous attention has been given to the production of biogas via the anaerobic digestion of biomass. Biogas major components are methane, carbon dioxide and traces of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and nitrogen. Hydrogen sulfide and other impurities are usually removed in a process called biogas purification. Biogas upgrading process is the process by which carbon dioxide (composing 40% of the biogas) is removed. In this study chemical absorption process for upgrading biogas was performed using 3 different solvents (sodium hydroxide, monoethanolamine and ammonia). The three different solvents have shown great ability in absorbing carbon dioxide as well as hydrogen sulfide using a lab scale packed column absorber-apparatus. The lab scale apparatus is designed to manipulate the different process parameters of liquid/gas flow ratio, column height and solvent type. Varying the different process parameters a biogas purity up to 93.3% methane content was obtained.

Reducing the weight of automobile helps improve energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG... more Reducing the weight of automobile helps improve energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Multifunctional components of the automobile are one of the best options which could be useful to make the vehicle lighter and functional as an energy storage and source. Polymer Nano-filler composites signify as the most encouraging and promising family of materials for the solid electrolyte of vehicle energy technology due to its wide band-gap and higher charge density capacity under an electrical field (electron drift) and thermal effect (diffusion). This paper reviews the prospects of Nano-fillers conductive polymer solid electrolyte sandwiched by carbon fibre (CF) and lithium (Li) plate composite for the EV panel serves as the electric energy storing. The reviewed studies shows that the dielectric sandwiched composite body would save 15% electric vehicle energy (3000 Wh) by cutaway body weight and battery size by 30%, store the vehicle regenerative braking power density about 600-700Wh, save the vehicle passengers’ air-conditioning power density about 5% (1000 Wh) from heat insulation. The characteristics of new technology in terms of energy saving and generation indicates that the 33kWh battery equipped electric vehicle would be able to save 4.7 kWh energy which would enhance the vehicle travelling distance about 25 km and reduce the emission and could cut the cost of battery power pack about USD3500 per vehicle.

One of the primary components of solar energy utilization systems is evacuated tube solar air col... more One of the primary components of solar energy utilization systems is evacuated tube solar air collectors (ETSACs). The irradiance is absorbed by these collectors, which is then transformed into thermal energy at the absorbing surface before being transmitted to the air passing through the collectors. This type of collector outperforms flat plate collectors in terms of reducing heat loss through conduction and convection and also during cloudy days; thus, ETSACs are the most preferred collectors to be applied for space heating, crop drying, and industrial applications. This review focuses on a summary of design configurations, simulation works, and applications of ETSACs in order to understand the influence of the thermal performance of ETSACs so that these collectors can be applied more effectively. Studies on the use of nanofluids as thermal performance enhancers and phase change materials as thermal storage media can be considered to enhance the thermal performance of ETSACs.

Nowadays, the continuously increasing diminution of conventional fossil fuels has increased the i... more Nowadays, the continuously increasing diminution of conventional fossil fuels has increased the interest of the research and development sectors in finding green and renewable supplements. A momentous attention has been given to the production of biogas via the anaerobic digestion of biomass. Biogas major components are methane, carbon dioxide and traces of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and nitrogen. Hydrogen sulfide and other impurities are usually removed in a process called biogas purification. Biogas upgrading process is the process by which carbon dioxide (composing 40% of the biogas) is removed. In this study chemical absorption process for upgrading biogas was performed using 3 different solvents (sodium hydroxide, monoethanolamine and ammonia). The three different solvents have shown great ability in absorbing carbon dioxide as well as hydrogen sulfide using a lab scale packed column absorber-apparatus. The lab scale apparatus is designed to manipulate the different process parameters of liquid/gas flow ratio, column height and solvent type. Varying the different process parameters a biogas purity up to 93.3% methane content was obtained.

In many engineering programmes in Malaysia, the tendency is to compute the Programme Outcomes (PO... more In many engineering programmes in Malaysia, the tendency is to compute the Programme Outcomes (POs) attainment from first until last semesters for every student and each course. The average PO is then computed at the end of the semester/programme for each student/cohort. Weightages at the course and/or programme level are used to finalize the final POs achievement. However, it produces numbers which carries no significant meaning. An outcome is not a collection or average of previous learning experiences, but a manifestation of what learners can do once they have had and completed all of those experiences. The previous POs assessment at Kulliyyah of Engineering (KOE), IIUM, by measuring and averaging POs across courses is not supported by the current practice by ABET. PO or student outcomes in ABET terms are statements that describe what students are expected to know and be able to do by the time of graduation. Outcomes are high-quality ‘culminating’ demonstrations of significant learning in experiences, literally at the end or after the end. This paper presents the OBE framework at KOE-IIUM which categorize course into enabling and culminating courses, describes the process of selecting culminating courses from the engineering curriculum and provides a strategic POs evaluation for each culminating courses using rubrics

In many engineering programmes in Malaysia, the tendency is to compute the Programme Outcomes (PO... more In many engineering programmes in Malaysia, the tendency is to compute the Programme Outcomes (POs) attainment from first until last semesters for every student and each course. The average PO is then computed at the end of the semester/programme for each student/cohort. Weightages at the course and/or programme level are used to finalize the final POs achievement. However, it produces numbers which carries no significant meaning. An outcome is not a collection or average of previous learning experiences, but a manifestation of what learners can do once they have had and completed all of those experiences. The previous POs assessment at Kulliyyah of Engineering (KOE), IIUM, by measuring and averaging POs across courses is not supported by the current practice by ABET. PO or student outcomes in ABET terms are statements that describe what students are expected to know and be able to do by the time of graduation. Outcomes are high-quality ‘culminating’ demonstrations of significant learning in experiences, literally at the end or after the end. This paper presents the OBE framework at KOE-IIUM which categorize course into enabling and culminating courses, describes the process of selecting culminating courses from the engineering curriculum and provides a strategic POs evaluation for each culminating courses using rubrics

One of the primary components of solar energy utilization systems is evacuated tube solar air col... more One of the primary components of solar energy utilization systems is evacuated tube solar air collectors (ETSACs). The irradiance is absorbed by these collectors, which is then transformed into thermal energy at the absorbing surface before being transmitted to the air passing through the collectors. This type of collector outperforms flat plate collectors in terms of reducing heat loss through conduction and convection and also during cloudy days; thus, ETSACs are the most preferred collectors to be applied for space heating, crop drying, and industrial applications. This review focuses on a summary of design configurations, simulation works, and applications of ETSACs in order to understand the influence of the thermal performance of ETSACs so that these collectors can be applied more effectively. Studies on the use of nanofluids as thermal performance enhancers and phase change materials as thermal storage media can be considered to enhance the thermal performance of ETSACs.

International Journal of Technology: IJ Tech, Apr 1, 2022

Epicyclic transmission (ET), five-speed manual gearbox (5-SMT), automatic transmission (AT), and ... more Epicyclic transmission (ET), five-speed manual gearbox (5-SMT), automatic transmission (AT), and continuously variable transmission (CVT) are all possible transmission options for electric vehicles (EVs). The ET is so complex that motorists may be unaware that they are in gear. As the 5-SMT, AT, and CVT transistors are heavier, they consume more energy. Although a single-speed gearbox is lighter, it is not capable of developing enough torque for acceleration. Therefore, this study presents a fuzzy-logic-controlled electromagnetic two-speed gearbox (AEM-2SGB) model for EVs. The electromagnetic actuator is modelled in terms of electromagnet size, number of coil turns, supply current, and electromagnetic force needed to shift gears. The parametric analysis of AEM-2SGB is conducted using Matlab Simulink and a fuzzy simulation model. According to the results, the AEM-2SGB has a first-gear shift time of 110 ms at 300 Nm motor torque and a second-gear shift time of 116 ms at 110 km/h vehicle speed, with a maximum current supply of 16 A using a 24 V lithium ion battery. The AEM-2SGB reduces weight by 37%-66%, transmission losses by 40%-90%, and battery life by 5%.

International Journal of Technology: IJ Tech, Apr 1, 2022

Epicyclic transmission (ET), five-speed manual gearbox (5-SMT), automatic transmission (AT), and ... more Epicyclic transmission (ET), five-speed manual gearbox (5-SMT), automatic transmission (AT), and continuously variable transmission (CVT) are all possible transmission options for electric vehicles (EVs). The ET is so complex that motorists may be unaware that they are in gear. As the 5-SMT, AT, and CVT transistors are heavier, they consume more energy. Although a single-speed gearbox is lighter, it is not capable of developing enough torque for acceleration. Therefore, this study presents a fuzzy-logic-controlled electromagnetic two-speed gearbox (AEM-2SGB) model for EVs. The electromagnetic actuator is modelled in terms of electromagnet size, number of coil turns, supply current, and electromagnetic force needed to shift gears. The parametric analysis of AEM-2SGB is conducted using Matlab Simulink and a fuzzy simulation model. According to the results, the AEM-2SGB has a first-gear shift time of 110 ms at 300 Nm motor torque and a second-gear shift time of 116 ms at 110 km/h vehicle speed, with a maximum current supply of 16 A using a 24 V lithium ion battery. The AEM-2SGB reduces weight by 37%-66%, transmission losses by 40%-90%, and battery life by 5%.

For the conversion of solar irradiation directly to electricity, Photovoltaic (PV) cells play an ... more For the conversion of solar irradiation directly to electricity, Photovoltaic (PV) cells play an excellent role. Absorption of radiation beyond wave length 0.35 – 0.82 µm leads to a rise in temperature and the performance is significantly reduced as a result of temperature rise. Many attempts have been made to maintain the operating temperature of the PV cells as low as possible using both water and air cooling system fitted at the back of the panel. In this project, extensive indoor and outdoor tests have been performed to develop an integrated system to filter component of solar irradiation contributing to a temperature rise of the PV panel. For indoor tests, a Compact Source Iodide (CSI) lamp has been used to conduct experiments under controlled conditions. The outdoor test was conducted under the meteorological conditions of Singapore. The component of interest, which produces electricity, will be delivered to PV cells and, hence, there will no heating effect and performance degradation. A layer of water of about 15 mm can eliminate the components of the radiation not contributing to electricity generation. Also, absorbed radiation at the water filter enables to provide hot water.

Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, 2023

IOP conference series, Mar 1, 2017

The performance of parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) has been evaluated using different hea... more The performance of parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) has been evaluated using different heat transfer working fluids; namely water and SAE20 W50 engine oil. New and slightly improved PTSC was developed to run the experimental study. Under the meteorological conditions of Malaysia, authors found that PTSC can operate at a higher temperature than water collector but the performance efficiency of collector using engine oil is much lower than the water collector.

This paper presents a model for design and analysis of thin cantilever plate for flutter based mi... more This paper presents a model for design and analysis of thin cantilever plate for flutter based micro generators. The analytical model formulates the flow induced response on the cantilever plates at various parameters and determines the frequency of flutter which is crucial in designing and selecting proper geometry for a flutter based micro generator. The model makes use of a novel method to solve flutter frequency by equating two different formulations of lift and moment force induced in the structure during the flow. The frequency analysis conducted in this study shows that the thin cantilever plate’s flutter frequency reduces with increase in its width and varies minimal to change in length.

Book Publisher International, Dec 1, 2020

The Global Automotive Policy (GAP) objective is the development of advanced automotive technologi... more The Global Automotive Policy (GAP) objective is the development of advanced automotive technologies related to Mobility­as­a­Service, Next Generation Vehicle (NxGV) and Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0. NxGVs can be electric vehicles (EV) and electrical conditional automation vehicles (EAV). Technologies prototyping for NxGV with increasing levels of automation will be the clear mobility of the future. The NxGV transmission could be either an automatic transmission (AT) or a continuously variable transmission (CVT). However, the automatic gearbox and CVT are heavier and require more space, therefore they consume more energy and are difficult to install with an NxGV electric motor. In addition, the single­speed gearbox (SSGB) is lighter, but not suitable for delivering enough torque in climbing. Therefore, developing a compact and automatic energy efficient transmission is a key technology challenge for NxGV. The purpose of this study is to present a prototype of a compact and lightweight artificial adaptive fuzzy interference system (AAFIS) electromagnetic two ­ speed gearbox (AEM2SGB) for the NxGV in accordance with the GAP 2020 and IR4.0 forward policy. Research Management Centre (RMC), International Islamic University Malaysia with a research grant “Research Incentive Flagship Grant (Ref. RIF19­032­0032), financed this project. The AEM2­SGB was developed for a 3.0 kN IIUM test car using equivalent road loads and found the AEM2SGB's shift times in first gear to be 1.5 seconds with a higher torque of 530 Nm and 1.8 seconds in second gear for 110 km / h. The high­end AEM2SGB is therefore expected to reduce the weight of the NxGV drivetrain by about 46% and improve the performance of the NxGV by reducing power consumption by about 30% and extending the range by 15%. AAFIS capabilities for successful management of AEM2SGB can operate in NxGV automatic mode

This paper presents a model for design and analysis of thin cantilever plate for flutter based mi... more This paper presents a model for design and analysis of thin cantilever plate for flutter based micro generators. The analytical model formulates the flow induced response on the cantilever plates at various parameters and determines the frequency of flutter which is crucial in designing and selecting proper geometry for a flutter based micro generator. The model makes use of a novel method to solve flutter frequency by equating two different formulations of lift and moment force induced in the structure during the flow. The frequency analysis conducted in this study shows that the thin cantilever plate’s flutter frequency reduces with increase in its width and varies minimal to change in length.

Electric drive vehicle uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for a propulsion. A mu... more Electric drive vehicle uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for a propulsion. A multispeed electric vehicle (EV) transmission adds weight, complicacy, and friction reduce the vehicle traction efficiency. Among epicyclic transmission (ET) with a single motor gear shifter or manual transmission or automatic transmission (AT) and continuously variable transmission (CVT), the ET is a complex transmission because most of the driver doesn't know properly the transmission option. The efficiency of the gearbox is an important factor of the inverter and driving manner. The aim of this study is to develop of electromagnetic 2-speed gearbox (EM-2SGB), which would contribute on the reduction of the vehicle transmission losses from 15% to 5%. This proposed 2-speed gearbox would be able to improve the vehicle transmission shift quality and acceleration time in 250 ms to reach the speed of 35 km/h in 15% road gradient. The lighter and compact energy efficient EM-2SGB is expected to increase the vehicle overall performance about 25%. © BEIESP.

Book Publisher International, Dec 1, 2020

The Global Automotive Policy (GAP) objective is the development of advanced automotive technologi... more The Global Automotive Policy (GAP) objective is the development of advanced automotive technologies related to Mobility­as­a­Service, Next Generation Vehicle (NxGV) and Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0. NxGVs can be electric vehicles (EV) and electrical conditional automation vehicles (EAV). Technologies prototyping for NxGV with increasing levels of automation will be the clear mobility of the future. The NxGV transmission could be either an automatic transmission (AT) or a continuously variable transmission (CVT). However, the automatic gearbox and CVT are heavier and require more space, therefore they consume more energy and are difficult to install with an NxGV electric motor. In addition, the single­speed gearbox (SSGB) is lighter, but not suitable for delivering enough torque in climbing. Therefore, developing a compact and automatic energy efficient transmission is a key technology challenge for NxGV. The purpose of this study is to present a prototype of a compact and lightweight artificial adaptive fuzzy interference system (AAFIS) electromagnetic two ­ speed gearbox (AEM2SGB) for the NxGV in accordance with the GAP 2020 and IR4.0 forward policy. Research Management Centre (RMC), International Islamic University Malaysia with a research grant “Research Incentive Flagship Grant (Ref. RIF19­032­0032), financed this project. The AEM2­SGB was developed for a 3.0 kN IIUM test car using equivalent road loads and found the AEM2SGB's shift times in first gear to be 1.5 seconds with a higher torque of 530 Nm and 1.8 seconds in second gear for 110 km / h. The high­end AEM2SGB is therefore expected to reduce the weight of the NxGV drivetrain by about 46% and improve the performance of the NxGV by reducing power consumption by about 30% and extending the range by 15%. AAFIS capabilities for successful management of AEM2SGB can operate in NxGV automatic mode

Reducing the weight of automobile helps improve energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG... more Reducing the weight of automobile helps improve energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Multifunctional components of the automobile are one of the best options which could be useful to make the vehicle lighter and functional as an energy storage and source. Polymer Nano-filler composites signify as the most encouraging and promising family of materials for the solid electrolyte of vehicle energy technology due to its wide band-gap and higher charge density capacity under an electrical field (electron drift) and thermal effect (diffusion). This paper reviews the prospects of Nano-fillers conductive polymer solid electrolyte sandwiched by carbon fibre (CF) and lithium (Li) plate composite for the EV panel serves as the electric energy storing. The reviewed studies shows that the dielectric sandwiched composite body would save 15% electric vehicle energy (3000 Wh) by cutaway body weight and battery size by 30%, store the vehicle regenerative braking power density about 600-700Wh, save the vehicle passengers’ air-conditioning power density about 5% (1000 Wh) from heat insulation. The characteristics of new technology in terms of energy saving and generation indicates that the 33kWh battery equipped electric vehicle would be able to save 4.7 kWh energy which would enhance the vehicle travelling distance about 25 km and reduce the emission and could cut the cost of battery power pack about USD3500 per vehicle.

Electric drive vehicle uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for a propulsion. A mu... more Electric drive vehicle uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for a propulsion. A multispeed electric vehicle (EV) transmission adds weight, complicacy, and friction reduce the vehicle traction efficiency. Among epicyclic transmission (ET) with a single motor gear shifter or manual transmission or automatic transmission (AT) and continuously variable transmission (CVT), the ET is a complex transmission because most of the driver doesn't know properly the transmission option. The efficiency of the gearbox is an important factor of the inverter and driving manner. The aim of this study is to develop of electromagnetic 2-speed gearbox (EM-2SGB), which would contribute on the reduction of the vehicle transmission losses from 15% to 5%. This proposed 2-speed gearbox would be able to improve the vehicle transmission shift quality and acceleration time in 250 ms to reach the speed of 35 km/h in 15% road gradient. The lighter and compact energy efficient EM-2SGB is expected to increase the vehicle overall performance about 25%. © BEIESP.

Nowadays, the continuously increasing diminution of conventional fossil fuels has increased the i... more Nowadays, the continuously increasing diminution of conventional fossil fuels has increased the interest of the research and development sectors in finding green and renewable supplements. A momentous attention has been given to the production of biogas via the anaerobic digestion of biomass. Biogas major components are methane, carbon dioxide and traces of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and nitrogen. Hydrogen sulfide and other impurities are usually removed in a process called biogas purification. Biogas upgrading process is the process by which carbon dioxide (composing 40% of the biogas) is removed. In this study chemical absorption process for upgrading biogas was performed using 3 different solvents (sodium hydroxide, monoethanolamine and ammonia). The three different solvents have shown great ability in absorbing carbon dioxide as well as hydrogen sulfide using a lab scale packed column absorber-apparatus. The lab scale apparatus is designed to manipulate the different process parameters of liquid/gas flow ratio, column height and solvent type. Varying the different process parameters a biogas purity up to 93.3% methane content was obtained.

Reducing the weight of automobile helps improve energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG... more Reducing the weight of automobile helps improve energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Multifunctional components of the automobile are one of the best options which could be useful to make the vehicle lighter and functional as an energy storage and source. Polymer Nano-filler composites signify as the most encouraging and promising family of materials for the solid electrolyte of vehicle energy technology due to its wide band-gap and higher charge density capacity under an electrical field (electron drift) and thermal effect (diffusion). This paper reviews the prospects of Nano-fillers conductive polymer solid electrolyte sandwiched by carbon fibre (CF) and lithium (Li) plate composite for the EV panel serves as the electric energy storing. The reviewed studies shows that the dielectric sandwiched composite body would save 15% electric vehicle energy (3000 Wh) by cutaway body weight and battery size by 30%, store the vehicle regenerative braking power density about 600-700Wh, save the vehicle passengers’ air-conditioning power density about 5% (1000 Wh) from heat insulation. The characteristics of new technology in terms of energy saving and generation indicates that the 33kWh battery equipped electric vehicle would be able to save 4.7 kWh energy which would enhance the vehicle travelling distance about 25 km and reduce the emission and could cut the cost of battery power pack about USD3500 per vehicle.

One of the primary components of solar energy utilization systems is evacuated tube solar air col... more One of the primary components of solar energy utilization systems is evacuated tube solar air collectors (ETSACs). The irradiance is absorbed by these collectors, which is then transformed into thermal energy at the absorbing surface before being transmitted to the air passing through the collectors. This type of collector outperforms flat plate collectors in terms of reducing heat loss through conduction and convection and also during cloudy days; thus, ETSACs are the most preferred collectors to be applied for space heating, crop drying, and industrial applications. This review focuses on a summary of design configurations, simulation works, and applications of ETSACs in order to understand the influence of the thermal performance of ETSACs so that these collectors can be applied more effectively. Studies on the use of nanofluids as thermal performance enhancers and phase change materials as thermal storage media can be considered to enhance the thermal performance of ETSACs.

Nowadays, the continuously increasing diminution of conventional fossil fuels has increased the i... more Nowadays, the continuously increasing diminution of conventional fossil fuels has increased the interest of the research and development sectors in finding green and renewable supplements. A momentous attention has been given to the production of biogas via the anaerobic digestion of biomass. Biogas major components are methane, carbon dioxide and traces of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and nitrogen. Hydrogen sulfide and other impurities are usually removed in a process called biogas purification. Biogas upgrading process is the process by which carbon dioxide (composing 40% of the biogas) is removed. In this study chemical absorption process for upgrading biogas was performed using 3 different solvents (sodium hydroxide, monoethanolamine and ammonia). The three different solvents have shown great ability in absorbing carbon dioxide as well as hydrogen sulfide using a lab scale packed column absorber-apparatus. The lab scale apparatus is designed to manipulate the different process parameters of liquid/gas flow ratio, column height and solvent type. Varying the different process parameters a biogas purity up to 93.3% methane content was obtained.

In many engineering programmes in Malaysia, the tendency is to compute the Programme Outcomes (PO... more In many engineering programmes in Malaysia, the tendency is to compute the Programme Outcomes (POs) attainment from first until last semesters for every student and each course. The average PO is then computed at the end of the semester/programme for each student/cohort. Weightages at the course and/or programme level are used to finalize the final POs achievement. However, it produces numbers which carries no significant meaning. An outcome is not a collection or average of previous learning experiences, but a manifestation of what learners can do once they have had and completed all of those experiences. The previous POs assessment at Kulliyyah of Engineering (KOE), IIUM, by measuring and averaging POs across courses is not supported by the current practice by ABET. PO or student outcomes in ABET terms are statements that describe what students are expected to know and be able to do by the time of graduation. Outcomes are high-quality ‘culminating’ demonstrations of significant learning in experiences, literally at the end or after the end. This paper presents the OBE framework at KOE-IIUM which categorize course into enabling and culminating courses, describes the process of selecting culminating courses from the engineering curriculum and provides a strategic POs evaluation for each culminating courses using rubrics

In many engineering programmes in Malaysia, the tendency is to compute the Programme Outcomes (PO... more In many engineering programmes in Malaysia, the tendency is to compute the Programme Outcomes (POs) attainment from first until last semesters for every student and each course. The average PO is then computed at the end of the semester/programme for each student/cohort. Weightages at the course and/or programme level are used to finalize the final POs achievement. However, it produces numbers which carries no significant meaning. An outcome is not a collection or average of previous learning experiences, but a manifestation of what learners can do once they have had and completed all of those experiences. The previous POs assessment at Kulliyyah of Engineering (KOE), IIUM, by measuring and averaging POs across courses is not supported by the current practice by ABET. PO or student outcomes in ABET terms are statements that describe what students are expected to know and be able to do by the time of graduation. Outcomes are high-quality ‘culminating’ demonstrations of significant learning in experiences, literally at the end or after the end. This paper presents the OBE framework at KOE-IIUM which categorize course into enabling and culminating courses, describes the process of selecting culminating courses from the engineering curriculum and provides a strategic POs evaluation for each culminating courses using rubrics

One of the primary components of solar energy utilization systems is evacuated tube solar air col... more One of the primary components of solar energy utilization systems is evacuated tube solar air collectors (ETSACs). The irradiance is absorbed by these collectors, which is then transformed into thermal energy at the absorbing surface before being transmitted to the air passing through the collectors. This type of collector outperforms flat plate collectors in terms of reducing heat loss through conduction and convection and also during cloudy days; thus, ETSACs are the most preferred collectors to be applied for space heating, crop drying, and industrial applications. This review focuses on a summary of design configurations, simulation works, and applications of ETSACs in order to understand the influence of the thermal performance of ETSACs so that these collectors can be applied more effectively. Studies on the use of nanofluids as thermal performance enhancers and phase change materials as thermal storage media can be considered to enhance the thermal performance of ETSACs.

International Journal of Technology: IJ Tech, Apr 1, 2022

Epicyclic transmission (ET), five-speed manual gearbox (5-SMT), automatic transmission (AT), and ... more Epicyclic transmission (ET), five-speed manual gearbox (5-SMT), automatic transmission (AT), and continuously variable transmission (CVT) are all possible transmission options for electric vehicles (EVs). The ET is so complex that motorists may be unaware that they are in gear. As the 5-SMT, AT, and CVT transistors are heavier, they consume more energy. Although a single-speed gearbox is lighter, it is not capable of developing enough torque for acceleration. Therefore, this study presents a fuzzy-logic-controlled electromagnetic two-speed gearbox (AEM-2SGB) model for EVs. The electromagnetic actuator is modelled in terms of electromagnet size, number of coil turns, supply current, and electromagnetic force needed to shift gears. The parametric analysis of AEM-2SGB is conducted using Matlab Simulink and a fuzzy simulation model. According to the results, the AEM-2SGB has a first-gear shift time of 110 ms at 300 Nm motor torque and a second-gear shift time of 116 ms at 110 km/h vehicle speed, with a maximum current supply of 16 A using a 24 V lithium ion battery. The AEM-2SGB reduces weight by 37%-66%, transmission losses by 40%-90%, and battery life by 5%.

International Journal of Technology: IJ Tech, Apr 1, 2022

Epicyclic transmission (ET), five-speed manual gearbox (5-SMT), automatic transmission (AT), and ... more Epicyclic transmission (ET), five-speed manual gearbox (5-SMT), automatic transmission (AT), and continuously variable transmission (CVT) are all possible transmission options for electric vehicles (EVs). The ET is so complex that motorists may be unaware that they are in gear. As the 5-SMT, AT, and CVT transistors are heavier, they consume more energy. Although a single-speed gearbox is lighter, it is not capable of developing enough torque for acceleration. Therefore, this study presents a fuzzy-logic-controlled electromagnetic two-speed gearbox (AEM-2SGB) model for EVs. The electromagnetic actuator is modelled in terms of electromagnet size, number of coil turns, supply current, and electromagnetic force needed to shift gears. The parametric analysis of AEM-2SGB is conducted using Matlab Simulink and a fuzzy simulation model. According to the results, the AEM-2SGB has a first-gear shift time of 110 ms at 300 Nm motor torque and a second-gear shift time of 116 ms at 110 km/h vehicle speed, with a maximum current supply of 16 A using a 24 V lithium ion battery. The AEM-2SGB reduces weight by 37%-66%, transmission losses by 40%-90%, and battery life by 5%.

For the conversion of solar irradiation directly to electricity, Photovoltaic (PV) cells play an ... more For the conversion of solar irradiation directly to electricity, Photovoltaic (PV) cells play an excellent role. Absorption of radiation beyond wave length 0.35 – 0.82 µm leads to a rise in temperature and the performance is significantly reduced as a result of temperature rise. Many attempts have been made to maintain the operating temperature of the PV cells as low as possible using both water and air cooling system fitted at the back of the panel. In this project, extensive indoor and outdoor tests have been performed to develop an integrated system to filter component of solar irradiation contributing to a temperature rise of the PV panel. For indoor tests, a Compact Source Iodide (CSI) lamp has been used to conduct experiments under controlled conditions. The outdoor test was conducted under the meteorological conditions of Singapore. The component of interest, which produces electricity, will be delivered to PV cells and, hence, there will no heating effect and performance degradation. A layer of water of about 15 mm can eliminate the components of the radiation not contributing to electricity generation. Also, absorbed radiation at the water filter enables to provide hot water.