IJRPP Journal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by IJRPP Journal

DrSriram publications, 2024

The root of Plectranthus vettiveroides (Family: Lamiaceae), extract was investigated for its anti... more The root of Plectranthus vettiveroides (Family: Lamiaceae), extract was
investigated for its antiurolithiatic activity. Ethylene glycol (0.75% in water) feeding
resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium and
phosphate. Ethanolic extract (250 & 500 mg/kg) of P. vettiveroides was given orally
in curative and preventive regimens over a period of 28 days. Supplementation with
extract significantly (P < 0.001) lowered the urinary excretion and kidney retention
levels of oxalate, calcium and phosphate. Furthermore, high serum levels of urea
nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced by the extract.
The results were comparable with the standard drug, cystone (750 mg/kg). The
reduction of stone-forming constituents in urine and their decreased kidney retention
reduces the solubility product of crystallizing salts such as calcium oxalate and
calcium phosphate, which could contribute to the antiurolithiatic property of the
extract. These findings affirm assertions made regarding the effectiveness of the
extract of this plant against urinary pathologies in Indian folk medicine.

DrSriram Publications, 2016

The potent pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β & TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were... more The potent pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β & TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were investigated for its effect on β-sitosterol enriched fraction from the methanolic extract of leaves of Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. The n-butanol part of the methanolic extract was eluted using mixtures of solvents of increasing polarity. From the combined eluted fractions, three fractions such as F1, F2 and F3 were collected by column chromatography using n-hexane: Chloroform (1:1) as a solvent and the compounds present in the fractions were identified by GC-MS. Among the collected fractions, the F1 was found to be the β-sitosterol enriched fraction (β-SEF). The maximum non-lethal dose of β-SEF was found to be 1000 mg/kg body weight using OECD 423 guidelines. The effect of β-SEF (100 mg/kg), almost 10 times less than the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), and it was determined against inflammation by carrageenan induced hind paw edema method. β-SEF produced a dose dependent decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and TNF-α and increase anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level in the inflamed paw. Treatment with Diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) and β-SEF (30 and 100 mg/kg) significantly decreased the NF-B expression in inflamed rats which concludes the reduction of inflammation was probably by decreasing the expression of NF-B.

The existence of subpopulations of cells with self-renewing capacity that are responsible for tum... more The existence of subpopulations of cells with self-renewing capacity that are responsible for tumour maintenance, chemo resistance and metastasis, called cancer stem-like cells (CSLC) has been demonstrated in a wide variety of solid and hematopoietic malignancies and has attracted a great attention as novel cellular targets for anticancer therapy 1 . Now cancer stem cells are considered as the hallmarks of the cancer. Various pharmaceuticals have started to identify several cancer stem cells and drugs which are effective to hit it. But screens for agents that specifically kill epithelial cancer stem cells (CSCs) have not been possible due to the rarity of these cells within tumour cell populations and their relative instability in culture 3,4 . Even though certain compounds have been discovered as a targeted therapy such as salinomycin. From various researches it has been found out that salinomycin treatment results in the loss of expression of breast CSC genes 11,12 . Since conventional therapies have been designed to target proliferating cells, slow growing CSCs may be relatively more resistant than faster growing tumour bulk. Cancer stem cells resistance to standard chemotherapeutics has been reported in human leukemia, malignant melanoma, brain, breast, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Cancer stem cells radio resistance has been reported in brain and breast cancers 15, 26 . Thus, if CSCs are selectively targeted by new stem line therapeutics, tumour size should be greatly reduced. This study is a comprehensive review of the various approaches to target the cancer stem cells and their effectiveness.

Hypertensive disorders are the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in... more Hypertensive disorders are the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in India and worldwide, as it is among the most common of all medical complications in pregnancy.

This study reviewed the research reports dealing with non-pharmacologic interventions aimed at pr... more This study reviewed the research reports dealing with non-pharmacologic interventions aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes including diet and physical activity, for the prevention of Type-2DM.Lifestyle interventions reduce the rate of progression to type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance. People with impaired glucose tolerance have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and consequently many trials of interventions for prevention of type 2 diabetes have focused on such individuals. Lifestyle interventions seem to be at least as effective as drug treatment. Exercise is perceived to be beneficial for glycemic control and weight loss in patients with type-2 DM. clinical trials on the effects of exercise in patients with type-2DM have had small sample sizes and conflicting results. India has the second largest diabetic population (61 million) and tobacco users (275 million) in the world.

The present investigation on the hydrobiological and distribution of nutrients in various seasons... more The present investigation on the hydrobiological and distribution of nutrients in various seasons at Grand Anaicut and Lower Anaicut (Stations I and II) reservoir of River Cauvery were thoroughly studied during July 2010 to June 2012. The physico-chemical parameters such as atmospheric and water temperature, pH, DO, alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, humidity and rainfall were showed significant seasonal variation, rainfall and humidity were found to be high during north east monsoon and low during summer. There was a slight seasonal variation noticed between atmospheric and water temperature, pH showed alkaline range throughout the study period. DO, alkalinity and humidity showed significant variation. The data were statistically analysed with one way ANOVA are presented.

Background: Plant derivatives with purported hypoglycemic properties have been used in traditiona... more Background: Plant derivatives with purported hypoglycemic properties have been used in traditional medicine around the world. The Leaves of Cestrum nocturnum (Raat rani) were reported to have good medicinal values in traditional system of medicine. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical, pharmacological and acute toxicological properties of the extracts of Cestrum nocturnum leaves. Material and Methods: Antidiabetic effect of hydro alcoholic extract and saponin fraction of Cestrum nocturnum leaves were evaluated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The hydro alcoholic extract 200, 400 mg/kg and saponin fraction 50, 100 mg/kg was administered orally to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for a period of three weeks. Various biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, lipids, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin and liver glycogen content were evaluated. These stated parameters in the diabetic rats were reverted back approximately near to normal after treatment with the respective higher dose of leaf extract and saponin fraction of Cestrum nocturnum. Histological examination of the pancreas from diabetic rats showed degenerative changes in β-cells; whereas treatment significantly reversed the histo architectural damage to the islets cells.

Lepidagathis cristata root (Family: Acanthaceae) is an herb distributed in central and eastern pe... more Lepidagathis cristata root (Family: Acanthaceae) is an herb distributed in central and eastern peninsular India and used as bitter tonic in fevers and used in pneumonia, flu, mouth and lip infections. An earlier study was carried out on this plant has shown antifungal activity, immunosuppressant activity. Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting is a common side effect of many cancer treatments. The development of effective antiemetic prophylaxis is one of the most significant steps forward in the area of supportive care. The potential of this extract as antiemetic activity may be due to the presence of phyto constituents like alkaloids and terpenoids and might be responsible for its activity. However, so far the antiemetic property of ethanol extract of Lepidagathis cristata root had not been carried out. Hence, in the present investigation extract of Lepidagathis cristata root was screened for antiemetic activity by using standard procedures. The results illustrated that the extracts of root have antiemetic potential comparable with that of Metoclopramide.

Health-related QOL can be measured with generic measures that are intended to be applicable acros... more Health-related QOL can be measured with generic measures that are intended to be applicable across different diseases.One of the most widely used generic instruments is the 36-item short form of the Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire (SF-36), which was designed as a generic indicator of health status for use in population surveys and studies of health policy. It was designed to be applicable to a wide range of conditions, and covers both physical and mental concepts.The study was done inErode Head Government Hospital. There were 200 patients were selected in this study and the study period was 10 months. For conducted vast literature survey about diabetes we obtained a wide range of information about the disease and other related risk factors. We prepared a questionnaire for to measure QOL.The study conclutedthat Diabetes Mellitus patients with depression scored lower HRQL and the male patient scored higher Health Related Quality of Life score than female. Diabetes Mellitus duration also may impact on the Quality of Life of diabetic patients.

Gender difference exists both in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various drugs. So this ... more Gender difference exists both in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various drugs. So this study was designed to evaluate efficacy and safety of Tramadol in males versus female patients suffering from pain.

To study the effectiveness of Introducing an Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) course in the curricul... more To study the effectiveness of Introducing an Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) course in the curriculum of Second Year Medical Students and to obtain their feedback regarding the same.

Background: Pneumonia is a common illness having significant morbidity and mortality. Irrational ... more Background: Pneumonia is a common illness having significant morbidity and mortality. Irrational use of antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia has led to antibiotic resistance, over prescribing and increased cost of treatment. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the trends of antimicrobial prescription in community acquired pneumonia.

Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Leguminosae) is commonly known as 'Chemmandharai' in Hindi. It is distr... more Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Leguminosae) is commonly known as 'Chemmandharai' in Hindi. It is distributed almost throughout India. Its powdered root and stem bark is traditionally used for tonic and ulcers. It is also useful in skin diseases. The roots are used as antidote to snake poison. NSAIDs are one of the most widely used categories of drugs presently and there are many clinical situations where one needs to use them for fairly long periods. A literature survey of herbs with anti-inflammatory effects led to Bauhinia variegata which was quoted in the Ayurvedic literature as having many therapeutic activities. Lot of research work is reported on this plant but the root and stem bark was not evaluated for anti-inflammatory activities. A hydro ethanolic extract was prepared and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using conventional pharmacological animal models. The results indicated that the bark extract at a dose of 200mg/kg showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the root extracts and control group.

In the present investigation preliminary phytochemical screening on leaves extract of Basella alb... more In the present investigation preliminary phytochemical screening on leaves extract of Basella alba revealed the presence of Proteins, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, ash, calcium, vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin. The antipyretic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of leaves of Basella alba was evaluated in albino rats. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed significant activity against yeast induced pyrexia at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively. The antipyretic effects of the extracts were comparable to that of standard drug (Paracetamol 150 mg/kg).

Traumatic facial injuries usually presents with extremely disfigured appearances. Managing airway... more Traumatic facial injuries usually presents with extremely disfigured appearances. Managing airway in these patients remain a significant challenge to the Anesthesiologist. A detailed assessment of extent and severity of facial injury and a careful way of formulating a proper airway management plan in the preoperative period will be essential for avoiding any major catastrophe during the Intraoperative and postoperative period. Advanced Trauma Life Support Protocol is utilised in evaluating the trauma patient. Only after securing airway, stabilizing the cervical spine, and restoring hemodynamic stability, the definitive treatment of the maxillofacial injury should be considered. A patent airway in the patient should be established immediately with the help of difficult airway cart. The anaesthetic technique should include rapid induction, maintenance with minimal physiological changes and rapid emergence. In procedures involving inter maxillary fixation, oral intubation is excluded and alternative routes of intubation should be planned. Extubation requires an awake patient, who can maintain his airway and the emergence should be smooth. In this case, we report the airway management of a patient who had de-gloving and disfiguring facial soft tissue injury.

Systemic sclerosis (systemic scleroderma or SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disease of unknow... more Systemic sclerosis (systemic scleroderma or SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disease of unknown etiology that causes widespread micro vascular damage and excessive deposition of collagen in the skin and internal organs, in particular GI tract, lung, heart, and kidney. We report the case of a 55 year old female patient who came to RIMS-GH, Kadapa complaints of cough, difficulty in swallowing, breathlessness since 2 weeks along with numbness of fingers. The patient had an ulcer on the right leg with white crystals; it shows the presence of calcinosis. Radiographic data showed bony erosion of the terminal phalanges and esophageal involvement, these findings indicates CREST syndrome. The biopsy report revealed it as scleroderma. The anti-nuclear antibodies and antitopoisomerase I antibody tests were confirmed as diffuse cutaneous scleroderma. This case illustrates the clinical manifestations of a diffuse cutaneous scleroderma with CREST syndrome features.

Anemia is a public health problem that affects populations of both developed and developing count... more Anemia is a public health problem that affects populations of both developed and developing countries, with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle. Thus, appropriate pharmacological measures have to be adopted for the better treatment and control of anemia. A prospective randomized interventional study was conducted among 146 anemic patients for six months. The Total Iron Deficit for each patient was calculated according to Ganzoni Formula. The WHO and TID results were compared by Chi Square test statistics. Iron Deficiency Anemia was found to be more prevalent (76.71%) in the study group. Patients in the male category were found to be more severely anemic and iron deficient than the female in the study group. WHO categorization of anemia reveals that majority of the patients was moderately anemic. The TID evaluation reveals majority of the study population had TID in the range of 1000-1500 mg. The comparison of WHO and TID categorization exhibited a high association (p=0.0) in our study. The drug utilization patterns reveal oral iron preparations were utilized more commonly. Patient iron requirements can be predicted by TID values and not by the Hb level alone, since weight is also an important parameter taken into consideration. Based on the TID values, the therapeutic plan can be worked out such that an increased cost of therapy is prevented and there is reduced risk of adverse events.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder affecting joints leading to limi... more Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder affecting joints leading to limited range of motion affecting daily activities. Various drug therapies were used to preserve range of motion; joint function and to prevent systemic complications. But due to serious adverse effects of the drugs and limited improvement a 'Novel drug free implant' is introduced to improve quality of life and reduce adverse effects of the drugs. This drug free implant works through electric stimulation of peripheral nerve as a treatment for immune disease.

The aim of the study was to investigate antibacterial and antifungal activity of plant extract ta... more The aim of the study was to investigate antibacterial and antifungal activity of plant extract taken from two different plants, Achyranthes aspera Linn., and Ocimum basilicum against Streptomyces fulvissimus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella flexneri, Escherichiae coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonus aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum using well diffusion method. The in vitro study revealed that ethanolic extract was more effective than aqueous extract. Plant extracts of A.aspera Linn. was reported to be more effective on fungal and bacterial species than O.basilicum.

Valproic acid is an antiepileptic drug prescribed as monotherapy in newly diagnosed cases of Epil... more Valproic acid is an antiepileptic drug prescribed as monotherapy in newly diagnosed cases of Epilepsy. It is also useful in combating generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Partial Seizures, and Myoclonic Seizures. It acts by increasing the levels of the Neurotransmitter GABA in the cerebrum. Valproate inhibits sustained repetitive firing induced by depolarization of cortical or spinal cord neurons. It produces small reductions of the low-threshold (T) Calcium current at clinically relevant but slightly higher concentrations then limit sustained repetitive firing. Reducing T currents may contribute to the effectiveness of Valproic acid against partial and tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures respectively. In vitro, Valproate can stimulate the activity of the GABA synthetic enzymes, Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and inhibit GABA degradative enzymes, GABA transaminases. However, studies show that they cause defects in the formation of neural tube if used during pregnancy. In the present study fertilized eggs were administered with Sodium Valproate and the development of neural tube was studied after 21 days. The histological and gross features of neural tube were identified.

DrSriram publications, 2024

The root of Plectranthus vettiveroides (Family: Lamiaceae), extract was investigated for its anti... more The root of Plectranthus vettiveroides (Family: Lamiaceae), extract was
investigated for its antiurolithiatic activity. Ethylene glycol (0.75% in water) feeding
resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium and
phosphate. Ethanolic extract (250 & 500 mg/kg) of P. vettiveroides was given orally
in curative and preventive regimens over a period of 28 days. Supplementation with
extract significantly (P < 0.001) lowered the urinary excretion and kidney retention
levels of oxalate, calcium and phosphate. Furthermore, high serum levels of urea
nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced by the extract.
The results were comparable with the standard drug, cystone (750 mg/kg). The
reduction of stone-forming constituents in urine and their decreased kidney retention
reduces the solubility product of crystallizing salts such as calcium oxalate and
calcium phosphate, which could contribute to the antiurolithiatic property of the
extract. These findings affirm assertions made regarding the effectiveness of the
extract of this plant against urinary pathologies in Indian folk medicine.

DrSriram Publications, 2016

The potent pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β & TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were... more The potent pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β & TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were investigated for its effect on β-sitosterol enriched fraction from the methanolic extract of leaves of Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. The n-butanol part of the methanolic extract was eluted using mixtures of solvents of increasing polarity. From the combined eluted fractions, three fractions such as F1, F2 and F3 were collected by column chromatography using n-hexane: Chloroform (1:1) as a solvent and the compounds present in the fractions were identified by GC-MS. Among the collected fractions, the F1 was found to be the β-sitosterol enriched fraction (β-SEF). The maximum non-lethal dose of β-SEF was found to be 1000 mg/kg body weight using OECD 423 guidelines. The effect of β-SEF (100 mg/kg), almost 10 times less than the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), and it was determined against inflammation by carrageenan induced hind paw edema method. β-SEF produced a dose dependent decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and TNF-α and increase anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level in the inflamed paw. Treatment with Diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) and β-SEF (30 and 100 mg/kg) significantly decreased the NF-B expression in inflamed rats which concludes the reduction of inflammation was probably by decreasing the expression of NF-B.

The existence of subpopulations of cells with self-renewing capacity that are responsible for tum... more The existence of subpopulations of cells with self-renewing capacity that are responsible for tumour maintenance, chemo resistance and metastasis, called cancer stem-like cells (CSLC) has been demonstrated in a wide variety of solid and hematopoietic malignancies and has attracted a great attention as novel cellular targets for anticancer therapy 1 . Now cancer stem cells are considered as the hallmarks of the cancer. Various pharmaceuticals have started to identify several cancer stem cells and drugs which are effective to hit it. But screens for agents that specifically kill epithelial cancer stem cells (CSCs) have not been possible due to the rarity of these cells within tumour cell populations and their relative instability in culture 3,4 . Even though certain compounds have been discovered as a targeted therapy such as salinomycin. From various researches it has been found out that salinomycin treatment results in the loss of expression of breast CSC genes 11,12 . Since conventional therapies have been designed to target proliferating cells, slow growing CSCs may be relatively more resistant than faster growing tumour bulk. Cancer stem cells resistance to standard chemotherapeutics has been reported in human leukemia, malignant melanoma, brain, breast, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Cancer stem cells radio resistance has been reported in brain and breast cancers 15, 26 . Thus, if CSCs are selectively targeted by new stem line therapeutics, tumour size should be greatly reduced. This study is a comprehensive review of the various approaches to target the cancer stem cells and their effectiveness.

Hypertensive disorders are the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in... more Hypertensive disorders are the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in India and worldwide, as it is among the most common of all medical complications in pregnancy.

This study reviewed the research reports dealing with non-pharmacologic interventions aimed at pr... more This study reviewed the research reports dealing with non-pharmacologic interventions aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes including diet and physical activity, for the prevention of Type-2DM.Lifestyle interventions reduce the rate of progression to type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance. People with impaired glucose tolerance have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and consequently many trials of interventions for prevention of type 2 diabetes have focused on such individuals. Lifestyle interventions seem to be at least as effective as drug treatment. Exercise is perceived to be beneficial for glycemic control and weight loss in patients with type-2 DM. clinical trials on the effects of exercise in patients with type-2DM have had small sample sizes and conflicting results. India has the second largest diabetic population (61 million) and tobacco users (275 million) in the world.

The present investigation on the hydrobiological and distribution of nutrients in various seasons... more The present investigation on the hydrobiological and distribution of nutrients in various seasons at Grand Anaicut and Lower Anaicut (Stations I and II) reservoir of River Cauvery were thoroughly studied during July 2010 to June 2012. The physico-chemical parameters such as atmospheric and water temperature, pH, DO, alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, humidity and rainfall were showed significant seasonal variation, rainfall and humidity were found to be high during north east monsoon and low during summer. There was a slight seasonal variation noticed between atmospheric and water temperature, pH showed alkaline range throughout the study period. DO, alkalinity and humidity showed significant variation. The data were statistically analysed with one way ANOVA are presented.

Background: Plant derivatives with purported hypoglycemic properties have been used in traditiona... more Background: Plant derivatives with purported hypoglycemic properties have been used in traditional medicine around the world. The Leaves of Cestrum nocturnum (Raat rani) were reported to have good medicinal values in traditional system of medicine. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical, pharmacological and acute toxicological properties of the extracts of Cestrum nocturnum leaves. Material and Methods: Antidiabetic effect of hydro alcoholic extract and saponin fraction of Cestrum nocturnum leaves were evaluated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The hydro alcoholic extract 200, 400 mg/kg and saponin fraction 50, 100 mg/kg was administered orally to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for a period of three weeks. Various biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, lipids, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin and liver glycogen content were evaluated. These stated parameters in the diabetic rats were reverted back approximately near to normal after treatment with the respective higher dose of leaf extract and saponin fraction of Cestrum nocturnum. Histological examination of the pancreas from diabetic rats showed degenerative changes in β-cells; whereas treatment significantly reversed the histo architectural damage to the islets cells.

Lepidagathis cristata root (Family: Acanthaceae) is an herb distributed in central and eastern pe... more Lepidagathis cristata root (Family: Acanthaceae) is an herb distributed in central and eastern peninsular India and used as bitter tonic in fevers and used in pneumonia, flu, mouth and lip infections. An earlier study was carried out on this plant has shown antifungal activity, immunosuppressant activity. Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting is a common side effect of many cancer treatments. The development of effective antiemetic prophylaxis is one of the most significant steps forward in the area of supportive care. The potential of this extract as antiemetic activity may be due to the presence of phyto constituents like alkaloids and terpenoids and might be responsible for its activity. However, so far the antiemetic property of ethanol extract of Lepidagathis cristata root had not been carried out. Hence, in the present investigation extract of Lepidagathis cristata root was screened for antiemetic activity by using standard procedures. The results illustrated that the extracts of root have antiemetic potential comparable with that of Metoclopramide.

Health-related QOL can be measured with generic measures that are intended to be applicable acros... more Health-related QOL can be measured with generic measures that are intended to be applicable across different diseases.One of the most widely used generic instruments is the 36-item short form of the Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire (SF-36), which was designed as a generic indicator of health status for use in population surveys and studies of health policy. It was designed to be applicable to a wide range of conditions, and covers both physical and mental concepts.The study was done inErode Head Government Hospital. There were 200 patients were selected in this study and the study period was 10 months. For conducted vast literature survey about diabetes we obtained a wide range of information about the disease and other related risk factors. We prepared a questionnaire for to measure QOL.The study conclutedthat Diabetes Mellitus patients with depression scored lower HRQL and the male patient scored higher Health Related Quality of Life score than female. Diabetes Mellitus duration also may impact on the Quality of Life of diabetic patients.

Gender difference exists both in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various drugs. So this ... more Gender difference exists both in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various drugs. So this study was designed to evaluate efficacy and safety of Tramadol in males versus female patients suffering from pain.

To study the effectiveness of Introducing an Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) course in the curricul... more To study the effectiveness of Introducing an Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) course in the curriculum of Second Year Medical Students and to obtain their feedback regarding the same.

Background: Pneumonia is a common illness having significant morbidity and mortality. Irrational ... more Background: Pneumonia is a common illness having significant morbidity and mortality. Irrational use of antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia has led to antibiotic resistance, over prescribing and increased cost of treatment. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the trends of antimicrobial prescription in community acquired pneumonia.

Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Leguminosae) is commonly known as 'Chemmandharai' in Hindi. It is distr... more Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Leguminosae) is commonly known as 'Chemmandharai' in Hindi. It is distributed almost throughout India. Its powdered root and stem bark is traditionally used for tonic and ulcers. It is also useful in skin diseases. The roots are used as antidote to snake poison. NSAIDs are one of the most widely used categories of drugs presently and there are many clinical situations where one needs to use them for fairly long periods. A literature survey of herbs with anti-inflammatory effects led to Bauhinia variegata which was quoted in the Ayurvedic literature as having many therapeutic activities. Lot of research work is reported on this plant but the root and stem bark was not evaluated for anti-inflammatory activities. A hydro ethanolic extract was prepared and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using conventional pharmacological animal models. The results indicated that the bark extract at a dose of 200mg/kg showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the root extracts and control group.

In the present investigation preliminary phytochemical screening on leaves extract of Basella alb... more In the present investigation preliminary phytochemical screening on leaves extract of Basella alba revealed the presence of Proteins, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, ash, calcium, vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin. The antipyretic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of leaves of Basella alba was evaluated in albino rats. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed significant activity against yeast induced pyrexia at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively. The antipyretic effects of the extracts were comparable to that of standard drug (Paracetamol 150 mg/kg).

Traumatic facial injuries usually presents with extremely disfigured appearances. Managing airway... more Traumatic facial injuries usually presents with extremely disfigured appearances. Managing airway in these patients remain a significant challenge to the Anesthesiologist. A detailed assessment of extent and severity of facial injury and a careful way of formulating a proper airway management plan in the preoperative period will be essential for avoiding any major catastrophe during the Intraoperative and postoperative period. Advanced Trauma Life Support Protocol is utilised in evaluating the trauma patient. Only after securing airway, stabilizing the cervical spine, and restoring hemodynamic stability, the definitive treatment of the maxillofacial injury should be considered. A patent airway in the patient should be established immediately with the help of difficult airway cart. The anaesthetic technique should include rapid induction, maintenance with minimal physiological changes and rapid emergence. In procedures involving inter maxillary fixation, oral intubation is excluded and alternative routes of intubation should be planned. Extubation requires an awake patient, who can maintain his airway and the emergence should be smooth. In this case, we report the airway management of a patient who had de-gloving and disfiguring facial soft tissue injury.

Systemic sclerosis (systemic scleroderma or SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disease of unknow... more Systemic sclerosis (systemic scleroderma or SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disease of unknown etiology that causes widespread micro vascular damage and excessive deposition of collagen in the skin and internal organs, in particular GI tract, lung, heart, and kidney. We report the case of a 55 year old female patient who came to RIMS-GH, Kadapa complaints of cough, difficulty in swallowing, breathlessness since 2 weeks along with numbness of fingers. The patient had an ulcer on the right leg with white crystals; it shows the presence of calcinosis. Radiographic data showed bony erosion of the terminal phalanges and esophageal involvement, these findings indicates CREST syndrome. The biopsy report revealed it as scleroderma. The anti-nuclear antibodies and antitopoisomerase I antibody tests were confirmed as diffuse cutaneous scleroderma. This case illustrates the clinical manifestations of a diffuse cutaneous scleroderma with CREST syndrome features.

Anemia is a public health problem that affects populations of both developed and developing count... more Anemia is a public health problem that affects populations of both developed and developing countries, with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle. Thus, appropriate pharmacological measures have to be adopted for the better treatment and control of anemia. A prospective randomized interventional study was conducted among 146 anemic patients for six months. The Total Iron Deficit for each patient was calculated according to Ganzoni Formula. The WHO and TID results were compared by Chi Square test statistics. Iron Deficiency Anemia was found to be more prevalent (76.71%) in the study group. Patients in the male category were found to be more severely anemic and iron deficient than the female in the study group. WHO categorization of anemia reveals that majority of the patients was moderately anemic. The TID evaluation reveals majority of the study population had TID in the range of 1000-1500 mg. The comparison of WHO and TID categorization exhibited a high association (p=0.0) in our study. The drug utilization patterns reveal oral iron preparations were utilized more commonly. Patient iron requirements can be predicted by TID values and not by the Hb level alone, since weight is also an important parameter taken into consideration. Based on the TID values, the therapeutic plan can be worked out such that an increased cost of therapy is prevented and there is reduced risk of adverse events.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder affecting joints leading to limi... more Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder affecting joints leading to limited range of motion affecting daily activities. Various drug therapies were used to preserve range of motion; joint function and to prevent systemic complications. But due to serious adverse effects of the drugs and limited improvement a 'Novel drug free implant' is introduced to improve quality of life and reduce adverse effects of the drugs. This drug free implant works through electric stimulation of peripheral nerve as a treatment for immune disease.

The aim of the study was to investigate antibacterial and antifungal activity of plant extract ta... more The aim of the study was to investigate antibacterial and antifungal activity of plant extract taken from two different plants, Achyranthes aspera Linn., and Ocimum basilicum against Streptomyces fulvissimus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella flexneri, Escherichiae coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonus aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum using well diffusion method. The in vitro study revealed that ethanolic extract was more effective than aqueous extract. Plant extracts of A.aspera Linn. was reported to be more effective on fungal and bacterial species than O.basilicum.

Valproic acid is an antiepileptic drug prescribed as monotherapy in newly diagnosed cases of Epil... more Valproic acid is an antiepileptic drug prescribed as monotherapy in newly diagnosed cases of Epilepsy. It is also useful in combating generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Partial Seizures, and Myoclonic Seizures. It acts by increasing the levels of the Neurotransmitter GABA in the cerebrum. Valproate inhibits sustained repetitive firing induced by depolarization of cortical or spinal cord neurons. It produces small reductions of the low-threshold (T) Calcium current at clinically relevant but slightly higher concentrations then limit sustained repetitive firing. Reducing T currents may contribute to the effectiveness of Valproic acid against partial and tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures respectively. In vitro, Valproate can stimulate the activity of the GABA synthetic enzymes, Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and inhibit GABA degradative enzymes, GABA transaminases. However, studies show that they cause defects in the formation of neural tube if used during pregnancy. In the present study fertilized eggs were administered with Sodium Valproate and the development of neural tube was studied after 21 days. The histological and gross features of neural tube were identified.