Harry Triandis | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (original) (raw)

Papers by Harry Triandis

Research paper thumbnail of Culture and Deception in Business Negotiations: A Multilevel Analysis

International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSES OF THE BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT OF SOCIAL ATTITUDES

Journal of abnormal psychology, 1964

... HARRY C. TRIANDIS University of Illinois ... The following levels of the five characteristics... more ... HARRY C. TRIANDIS University of Illinois ... The following levels of the five characteristics were used: Race—Negro-white; Sex—male-female; Age—20-50; Occupation—physician-soda-fountain clerk; and Religion—Protestant-Roman Catholic-Jewish. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Habit and Behavioral Intentions as Predictors of Social Behavior

The Journal of Social Psychology, 1978

This research assessed the relative impact of habit and behavioral intentions in predicting class... more This research assessed the relative impact of habit and behavioral intentions in predicting classroom teacher behavior, using a model proposed by Triandis. Responses from a behavioral differential, as well as two hours of classroom observations, were taken on 77 male and female black and white junior high school teachers. The classroom observation technique (STOIC) obtained the frequencies of emitted behaviors (both verbal and nonverbal), categorized by race and sex of the target child. Results indicated that habit was a more potent predictor of classroom behavior than intentions. However, a post-hoc analysis supported the notion that intentions become important when the habit component can be suppressed.

Research paper thumbnail of Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on selfngroup relationships

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1988

The individualism and collectivism constructs are theoretically analyzed and linked to certain hy... more The individualism and collectivism constructs are theoretically analyzed and linked to certain hy-pothesized consequences (social behaviors, health indices). Study 1 explores the meaning of these constructs within culture (in the United States), identifying the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991

Research paper thumbnail of Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1990

Page 1. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, Vol. 59, No. 5,1006-1020 Copyright 199... more Page 1. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, Vol. 59, No. 5,1006-1020 Copyright 1990 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0O22-3514/9O/$ O0.75 Multimethod Probes of Individualism and Collectivism ...

Research paper thumbnail of FREQUENCY OF CONTACT AND STEREOTYPING

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967

... HARRY C. TRIANDIS University of Illinois VASSO VASSILIOU Athenian Institute of Anthropos 6 sa... more ... HARRY C. TRIANDIS University of Illinois VASSO VASSILIOU Athenian Institute of Anthropos 6 samples of Ss were tested with an instrument which utilized a semantic differential format. ... Page 3. 318 HARRY C. TKIANDIS AND VASSO VASSILIOU ...

Research paper thumbnail of Race and belief as determinants of behavioral intentions

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1965

300 Ss responded, on 12 semantic and 15 behavioral differential scales, to 8 stimulus persons gen... more 300 Ss responded, on 12 semantic and 15 behavioral differential scales, to 8 stimulus persons generated by all possible combinations of the characteristics Negro-white, male-female, pro- or con-civil rights legislation. They also rated 35 political and civil rights issues on semantic differentials. A factor analysis of Ss, based on the covariances of their responses to variables, defined 11 types of

Research paper thumbnail of The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998

The relative importance of emotions versus normative beliefs for life satisfaction judgments was ... more The relative importance of emotions versus normative beliefs for life satisfaction judgments was compared among individualist and collectivist nations in 2 large sets of international data (in total, 61 nations, N = 62,446). Among nations, emotions and life satisfaction correlated significantly more strongly in more individualistic nations (r = .52 in Study 1; r = .48 in Study 2). At the individual level, emotions were far superior predictors of life satisfaction to norms (social approval of life satisfaction) in individualist cultures, whereas norms and emotions were equally strong predictors of life satisfaction in collectivist cultures. The present findings have implications for future studies on cultural notions of well-being, the functional value of emotional experiences, and individual differences in life satisfaction profiles.

Research paper thumbnail of Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Race, status, quality of spoken English, and opinions about civil rights as determinants of interpersonal attitudes

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1966

... AND LESLIE ANN LEVIN Barnard College 94 Ss were shown slides of cither a Negro or a white you... more ... AND LESLIE ANN LEVIN Barnard College 94 Ss were shown slides of cither a Negro or a white young man, who was cither well dressed or poorly dressed and simultaneously heard a tape-recorded statement which was either in favor or opposed to integrated housing and ...

Research paper thumbnail of THREE CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES OF SUBJECTIVE CULTURE

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1968

3 interrelated cross-cultural studies utilized American and Greek Ss. The foci of the studies wer... more 3 interrelated cross-cultural studies utilized American and Greek Ss. The foci of the studies were the (a) role perceptions, (b) behavioral intentions, and (c) perceptions of social behavior in the Ss. In a, 100 roles were judged on a sample of 120 behavior descriptive scales. The ...

Research paper thumbnail of Simpat?a as a cultural script of Hispanics

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984

Research paper thumbnail of Individual models of social behavior

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984

We present a technique that extracts individual models of social behavior. Such models reflect ea... more We present a technique that extracts individual models of social behavior. Such models reflect each individual's ideas about what social behaviors are interrelated, and what aspects of social situations are linked to different levels of probability that particular patterns of social ...

Research paper thumbnail of On the Universality of Social Psychological Theories

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1987

... Cost-benefit models of helping and other social behavior conceive of multistage mechanisms. .... more ... Cost-benefit models of helping and other social behavior conceive of multistage mechanisms. ... taken into account, it is difficult to ascertain what makes reinforcement work or not work. ... Japanese 5s learn efficiently to criterion when E rewards himself or herself whenever they, the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Role Perceptions of Hispanic Young Adults

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1984

... 308 JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY example, if the Hispanic "intimacy&... more ... 308 JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY example, if the Hispanic "intimacy" factor ... Thus, apparently both cultural groups see a great deal of pull toward the family; however, the mainstream also sees a certain amount of push out of the family to escape the ...

Research paper thumbnail of An Etic-Emic Analysis of Individualism and Collectivism

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1993

Triandis et al. / INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM 367 cross-cultural volume of the Nebraska Sympos... more Triandis et al. / INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM 367 cross-cultural volume of the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Triandis, 1990). The cultural pattern has been shown to predict social behavior (Wheeler, Reis, & Bond, 1989), and has been probed by multimethod ...

Research paper thumbnail of Etic Plus Emic Versus Pseudoetic: A Test of a Basic Assumption of Contemporary Cross-Cultural Psychology

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1983

A basic assumption of cross-cultural psychology, that instruments made in one culture and applied... more A basic assumption of cross-cultural psychology, that instruments made in one culture and applied to another culture would not be as useful as instruments made in each of the cultures in which they are to be used, was tested with samples of "Mainstream" and Hispanic naval recruits. Some subjects (62 Mainstream and 60 Hispanic recruits) responded to a role differential

Research paper thumbnail of Ethnic Affirmation Versus Social Desirability: Explaining Discrepancies in Bilinguals' Responses to a Questionnaire

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1983

... Spanish/ English bilinguals answered a paper-and-pencil instrument that con-tained ernie and ... more ... Spanish/ English bilinguals answered a paper-and-pencil instrument that con-tained ernie and etic questions. ... Finally, studies with the semantic differential (eg, Brizuela, 1975; Collado-Herrell, 1976; Rastogi & Singh, 1976; Taylor, Dagot, & Gardner, 1969) have also shown ...

Research paper thumbnail of Stereotyping among Hispanics and Anglos: The Uniformity, Intensity, Direction, and Quality of Auto- and Heterostereotypes

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1982

U.S. Navy recruits (Hispanics and Anglos) provided autostereotypes and heterostereotypes of black... more U.S. Navy recruits (Hispanics and Anglos) provided autostereotypes and heterostereotypes of blacks, whites, and several Hispanic ethnic groups, by judging on a ten-point scale how likely it was for each of fifteen traits to be a characteristic of a given stimulus group. All autostereotypes were favorable. The Anglos had a more uniform, though not especially intensive, autostereotype than the Hispanics.

Research paper thumbnail of Culture and Deception in Business Negotiations: A Multilevel Analysis

International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSES OF THE BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT OF SOCIAL ATTITUDES

Journal of abnormal psychology, 1964

... HARRY C. TRIANDIS University of Illinois ... The following levels of the five characteristics... more ... HARRY C. TRIANDIS University of Illinois ... The following levels of the five characteristics were used: Race—Negro-white; Sex—male-female; Age—20-50; Occupation—physician-soda-fountain clerk; and Religion—Protestant-Roman Catholic-Jewish. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Habit and Behavioral Intentions as Predictors of Social Behavior

The Journal of Social Psychology, 1978

This research assessed the relative impact of habit and behavioral intentions in predicting class... more This research assessed the relative impact of habit and behavioral intentions in predicting classroom teacher behavior, using a model proposed by Triandis. Responses from a behavioral differential, as well as two hours of classroom observations, were taken on 77 male and female black and white junior high school teachers. The classroom observation technique (STOIC) obtained the frequencies of emitted behaviors (both verbal and nonverbal), categorized by race and sex of the target child. Results indicated that habit was a more potent predictor of classroom behavior than intentions. However, a post-hoc analysis supported the notion that intentions become important when the habit component can be suppressed.

Research paper thumbnail of Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on selfngroup relationships

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1988

The individualism and collectivism constructs are theoretically analyzed and linked to certain hy... more The individualism and collectivism constructs are theoretically analyzed and linked to certain hy-pothesized consequences (social behaviors, health indices). Study 1 explores the meaning of these constructs within culture (in the United States), identifying the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991

Research paper thumbnail of Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1990

Page 1. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, Vol. 59, No. 5,1006-1020 Copyright 199... more Page 1. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, Vol. 59, No. 5,1006-1020 Copyright 1990 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0O22-3514/9O/$ O0.75 Multimethod Probes of Individualism and Collectivism ...

Research paper thumbnail of FREQUENCY OF CONTACT AND STEREOTYPING

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967

... HARRY C. TRIANDIS University of Illinois VASSO VASSILIOU Athenian Institute of Anthropos 6 sa... more ... HARRY C. TRIANDIS University of Illinois VASSO VASSILIOU Athenian Institute of Anthropos 6 samples of Ss were tested with an instrument which utilized a semantic differential format. ... Page 3. 318 HARRY C. TKIANDIS AND VASSO VASSILIOU ...

Research paper thumbnail of Race and belief as determinants of behavioral intentions

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1965

300 Ss responded, on 12 semantic and 15 behavioral differential scales, to 8 stimulus persons gen... more 300 Ss responded, on 12 semantic and 15 behavioral differential scales, to 8 stimulus persons generated by all possible combinations of the characteristics Negro-white, male-female, pro- or con-civil rights legislation. They also rated 35 political and civil rights issues on semantic differentials. A factor analysis of Ss, based on the covariances of their responses to variables, defined 11 types of

Research paper thumbnail of The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998

The relative importance of emotions versus normative beliefs for life satisfaction judgments was ... more The relative importance of emotions versus normative beliefs for life satisfaction judgments was compared among individualist and collectivist nations in 2 large sets of international data (in total, 61 nations, N = 62,446). Among nations, emotions and life satisfaction correlated significantly more strongly in more individualistic nations (r = .52 in Study 1; r = .48 in Study 2). At the individual level, emotions were far superior predictors of life satisfaction to norms (social approval of life satisfaction) in individualist cultures, whereas norms and emotions were equally strong predictors of life satisfaction in collectivist cultures. The present findings have implications for future studies on cultural notions of well-being, the functional value of emotional experiences, and individual differences in life satisfaction profiles.

Research paper thumbnail of Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Race, status, quality of spoken English, and opinions about civil rights as determinants of interpersonal attitudes

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1966

... AND LESLIE ANN LEVIN Barnard College 94 Ss were shown slides of cither a Negro or a white you... more ... AND LESLIE ANN LEVIN Barnard College 94 Ss were shown slides of cither a Negro or a white young man, who was cither well dressed or poorly dressed and simultaneously heard a tape-recorded statement which was either in favor or opposed to integrated housing and ...

Research paper thumbnail of THREE CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES OF SUBJECTIVE CULTURE

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1968

3 interrelated cross-cultural studies utilized American and Greek Ss. The foci of the studies wer... more 3 interrelated cross-cultural studies utilized American and Greek Ss. The foci of the studies were the (a) role perceptions, (b) behavioral intentions, and (c) perceptions of social behavior in the Ss. In a, 100 roles were judged on a sample of 120 behavior descriptive scales. The ...

Research paper thumbnail of Simpat?a as a cultural script of Hispanics

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984

Research paper thumbnail of Individual models of social behavior

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984

We present a technique that extracts individual models of social behavior. Such models reflect ea... more We present a technique that extracts individual models of social behavior. Such models reflect each individual's ideas about what social behaviors are interrelated, and what aspects of social situations are linked to different levels of probability that particular patterns of social ...

Research paper thumbnail of On the Universality of Social Psychological Theories

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1987

... Cost-benefit models of helping and other social behavior conceive of multistage mechanisms. .... more ... Cost-benefit models of helping and other social behavior conceive of multistage mechanisms. ... taken into account, it is difficult to ascertain what makes reinforcement work or not work. ... Japanese 5s learn efficiently to criterion when E rewards himself or herself whenever they, the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Role Perceptions of Hispanic Young Adults

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1984

... 308 JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY example, if the Hispanic "intimacy&... more ... 308 JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY example, if the Hispanic "intimacy" factor ... Thus, apparently both cultural groups see a great deal of pull toward the family; however, the mainstream also sees a certain amount of push out of the family to escape the ...

Research paper thumbnail of An Etic-Emic Analysis of Individualism and Collectivism

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1993

Triandis et al. / INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM 367 cross-cultural volume of the Nebraska Sympos... more Triandis et al. / INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM 367 cross-cultural volume of the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Triandis, 1990). The cultural pattern has been shown to predict social behavior (Wheeler, Reis, & Bond, 1989), and has been probed by multimethod ...

Research paper thumbnail of Etic Plus Emic Versus Pseudoetic: A Test of a Basic Assumption of Contemporary Cross-Cultural Psychology

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1983

A basic assumption of cross-cultural psychology, that instruments made in one culture and applied... more A basic assumption of cross-cultural psychology, that instruments made in one culture and applied to another culture would not be as useful as instruments made in each of the cultures in which they are to be used, was tested with samples of "Mainstream" and Hispanic naval recruits. Some subjects (62 Mainstream and 60 Hispanic recruits) responded to a role differential

Research paper thumbnail of Ethnic Affirmation Versus Social Desirability: Explaining Discrepancies in Bilinguals' Responses to a Questionnaire

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1983

... Spanish/ English bilinguals answered a paper-and-pencil instrument that con-tained ernie and ... more ... Spanish/ English bilinguals answered a paper-and-pencil instrument that con-tained ernie and etic questions. ... Finally, studies with the semantic differential (eg, Brizuela, 1975; Collado-Herrell, 1976; Rastogi & Singh, 1976; Taylor, Dagot, & Gardner, 1969) have also shown ...

Research paper thumbnail of Stereotyping among Hispanics and Anglos: The Uniformity, Intensity, Direction, and Quality of Auto- and Heterostereotypes

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1982

U.S. Navy recruits (Hispanics and Anglos) provided autostereotypes and heterostereotypes of black... more U.S. Navy recruits (Hispanics and Anglos) provided autostereotypes and heterostereotypes of blacks, whites, and several Hispanic ethnic groups, by judging on a ten-point scale how likely it was for each of fifteen traits to be a characteristic of a given stimulus group. All autostereotypes were favorable. The Anglos had a more uniform, though not especially intensive, autostereotype than the Hispanics.