Walter L Hurley | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (original) (raw)

Papers by Walter L Hurley

Progress Report - Kentucky, Agricultural Experiment Station., Jun 1, 1981

In the present study we provided a morphological and transcriptomic comparison of adult porcine a... more In the present study we provided a morphological and transcriptomic comparison of adult porcine adiposederived stem cells (ADSC) and bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) as they differentiated in vitro towards the osteogenic and adipogenic lineages for up to 4 weeks. The long term goal of this comparison is to assess the possibility of using ADSC as a potential alternative to BMSC as a source of autologous adult stem cells in human therapies. Our data indicated that ADSC can differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes similar to BMSC but with some differences. During the osteogenic differentiation both cell types went through morphological changes; however, while ADSC formed predominately osteogenic islands (nodules) in the culture dish, BMSC formed a continuous osteogenic sheet of small nodules. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both cell types responded to the osteogenic induction. However, BGLAP mRNA expression did not increase in ADSC suggesting, together with the percentage area stained observed for Alizarin Red and von Kossa in ADSC, a lesser mineralization of bone matrix in this cell type compared to BMSC. During the adipogenic induction ADSC as well as BMSC were able to achieve the morphological and transcriptome changes characteristic of the adipogenic lineage. After 7 days of differentiation the expression patterns of DGAT2 and ADFP became greater in ADSC versus BMSC, which agreed with the larger lipid droplets formation observed in the ADSC by Oil Red O staining. Our findings represent an important step towards the assessment of using ADSC as an alternative to BMSC in therapeutic applications.

Journal of Dairy Science 85(Suppl, Jul 16, 2002

Journal of animal science, 2014

The aims of the present study were to quantify colostrum intake (CI) of piglets using the D2O dil... more The aims of the present study were to quantify colostrum intake (CI) of piglets using the D2O dilution technique, to develop a mechanistic model to predict CI, to compare these data with CI predicted by a previous empirical predictive model developed for bottle-fed piglets, and to study how composition of diets fed to gestating sows affected piglet CI, sow colostrum yield (CY), and colostrum composition. In total, 240 piglets from 40 litters were enriched with D2O. The CI measured by D2O from birth until 24 h after the birth of first-born piglet was on average 443 g (SD 151). Based on measured CI, a mechanistic model to predict CI was developed using piglet characteristics (24-h weight gain [WG; g], BW at birth [BWB; kg], and duration of CI [D; min]: CI, g=-106+2.26 WG+200 BWB+0.111 D-1,414 WG/D+0.0182 WG/BWB (R2=0.944). This model was used to predict the CI for all colostrum suckling piglets within the 40 litters (n=500, mean=437 g, SD=153 g) and was compared with the CI predicted ...

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

To investigate intramammary infections in llamas, identify the pathogens responsible, and determi... more To investigate intramammary infections in llamas, identify the pathogens responsible, and determine whether effects of intramammary infection could be detected by use of mastitis indicator tests commonly used for cows. Observational study. 100 llamas on 10 farms. Milk samples were evaluated by bacterial culturing and by determination of somatic cell count (SCC), using direct microscopic and automated counting methods, California Mastitis Test score, pH, and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase activity. Correlation coefficients were determined among the various mastitis indicator tests, and test results were determined for milk from infected and uninfected glands. Evidence of intramammary infection was evident in 76 of 369 (21%) milk samples, with 54 of 94 (57%) llamas having at least 1 infected gland. Staphylococcus sp other than Staphylococcus aureus were the predominant pathogens. None of the llamas had clinical signs of mastitis, and significant differences were not detected in SCC, ...

A collection of videos created in 2020 to support pedagogical training in higher education in Sie... more A collection of videos created in 2020 to support pedagogical training in higher education in Sierra Leone. They can be used as standalone resources or to accompany the SPHEIR Pedagogical Trainings 1.0 and 2.0 Manual for Workshops https://zenodo.org/record/5768031#.Ybm-yNrP1aQ.

On isole des parties de la sequence genetique codant pour le lactogene placentaire bovin puis on ... more On isole des parties de la sequence genetique codant pour le lactogene placentaire bovin puis on forme et on isole une variante d'ADNc d'un gene lactogene placentaire bovin. Le clonage de la sequence genetique d'ADNc et la culture d'un hote ainsi obtenu, permettent de produire de grandes quantites de lactogene placentaire bovin.

Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1992

Journal of Dairy Science, 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 1992

Binding of biotin-heparin to immobilized lactoferrin and lysozyme was optimum at pH 6.0, 100 mM N... more Binding of biotin-heparin to immobilized lactoferrin and lysozyme was optimum at pH 6.0, 100 mM NaCI. Complex interactions between NaC! and CaC12 concentrations were observed for heparin binding to both proteins. 2. The metal ions Cu 2+, Zn 2+, Fe 2+ and Fe ~+ inhibited heparin binding, with half-maximal inhibition of binding to lactoferrin occurring between 600 # M and I mM and for lysozyme between 500 and 800/~M. 3. Binding of biotin-heparin to both proteins was inhibited to varying degrees by heparin, beparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate A, dextran sulfate and DNA.

Journal of Dairy Science, 1987

Bovine mammary tissue was collected by surgical biopsy at intervals during involution for histolo... more Bovine mammary tissue was collected by surgical biopsy at intervals during involution for histological and ultrastructural observation. In lactating tissue (d 0 of involution, collected 8 h after the final milking), alveolar epithelial cells had marked ultrastructural evidence of lactation, including protein-containing secretory vesicles, lipid droplets, extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous mitochondria. By d 2 of involution, alveolar epithelial cells contained large vacuoles apparently formed by coalescing of protein-containing secretory vesicles and lipid droplets. Large vacuoles were observed in epithelial cells until about the 3rd wk of involution. By d 2 of involution, the Golgi apparatus generally was not apparent. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were observed throughout the period studied, although in reduced amounts compared with their presence in lactating tissue. A marked increase in lysosomal or cytosegresomal structures in epithelial cells was not observed. There was no evidence of extensive sloughing of epithelial cells from the basement membrane. There was a progressive increase in the interalveolar area and a concurrent decrease in the alveolar luminal area as involution progressed. Ultrastructural examination showed that alveolar epithelial cells at d 21 and 30 of involution appear to be functionally active but not secreting milk components.

Journal of Animal Science, 2002

The goal of this study was to determine whether the presence of the bovine α-lactalbumin transgen... more The goal of this study was to determine whether the presence of the bovine α-lactalbumin transgene in first-lactation gilts enhances lactational performance and litter growth. Transgenic and sibling nontransgenic gilts were bred to nontransgenic boars. Litters were standardized to 10 piglets within 24 h of farrowing. Milk production was measured by the weighsuckle-weigh method on d 3, 6, 9, and 12 of lactation. Bovine α-lactalbumin was present in the colostrum and milk of transgenic gilts throughout lactation. The expression of the transgene was associated with alterations in composition of mammary secretions, especially in early lactation. Lactose concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in mammary secretions of transgenic gilts during the first 12 h postpartum compared with controls. In contrast, total solids concentration in mammary secretions from transgenic gilts were lower (P < 0.05) relative to controls during the first 6 h postpartum. Transgenic gilts produced more milk than controls

Advanced Dairy Chemistry, 2012

Milk contains a range of factors which contribute to the protection of the neonate and the mammar... more Milk contains a range of factors which contribute to the protection of the neonate and the mammary gland from disease. Antibodies are an important component of the disease resistance function of mammary secretions. Unlike most other major organic components found in milk, immunoglobulins (Ig) are not synthesized by the mammary epithelial cells. Considerable diversity exists among mammalian species in the transport of Ig from mother to neonate, as well as in the implications of that transport. This chapter will discuss Ig found in mammary secretions in the context of their diversity of structure, origin, transfer and function. A number of recent reviews can provide more detailed discussions of milk Ig and immuno- cytes (Telemo and Hanson, 1996; Butler, 1998, 1999), mucosal immunity (Chernishov and Slukvin, 1990; Brandtzaeg et al., 1991; Cummins and Thompson, 1997), mammary gland immunobiology (Lee et al., 1992; Sordillo et al., 1997) and evolution of immunologie functions of the mammary gland (Goldman et al., 1998). The disease resistance function of Ig typically occurs in concert with a range of protective factors and several other reviews address the spectrum of anti-infective components of milk (Goldman, 1993; Xanthou et al., 1995; Xanthou, 1998; Goldman and Ogra, 1999).

Journal of Dairy Science, 1986

Abstract Proteins in mammary secretions were examined during the dry period of four cows. Polyacr... more Abstract Proteins in mammary secretions were examined during the dry period of four cows. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine relative changes in the electrophoretic profiles of whey proteins in the mammary secretions. Concentrations of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin in dry cow secretions were determined by immunoassay. Concentrations of both proteins changed in parallel during the dry period. Concentrations of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin decreased during the first 30 d of the dry period but generally remained above .1 mg/ml secretion. A transient increase in β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin concentrations occurred at about 40 d after drying-off, prior to the prepartum increase.

American journal of veterinary research, 1986

Changes in surface proteins of leukocytes in bovine mammary secretions were examined during mamma... more Changes in surface proteins of leukocytes in bovine mammary secretions were examined during mammary involution. Leukocytes were collected from mammary secretions from involution days (ID) 1 to 36 and were labeled with biotin. Labeled proteins were separated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose by protein blotting, and detected with avidin-peroxidase and color reagent. The population of leukocytes in mammary secretions changed during involution from predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at ID 1 to predominantly mononuclear leukocytes by ID 36. The gel profile of surface proteins also changed during involution, and some of those changes may have been caused by shifts in leukocyte populations. Profiles of surface proteins of leukocytes from mammary secretions containing predominantly PMN (ID 1) were different from profiles of PMN from blood. A distinctive change in the pattern of surface proteins on the leukocytes occurred between ID 1 and 3, ...

American journal of veterinary research, 1998

To evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for detection of Staphylococcus aureus (nuc ... more To evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for detection of Staphylococcus aureus (nuc gene) in fresh and formalin-preserved milk. Samples from 80 lactating sheep and 100 lactating dairy cows. 4 lactating sheep were inoculated with S aureus by intramammary infusion. A set of primers specific for the nuc gene of S aureus was used to develop a PCR technique, and modification of the rapid boil method was used to isolate bacterial DNA. Milk was obtained from experimentally infected sheep before and after infusion with S aureus, and from the 100 cows and remaining 76 sheep. Samples were screened by bacteriologic culture and PCR. To validate the PCR assay, S aureus or other pathogens were added to distilled water and "normal" sheep milk samples, with and without formalin. The PCR assay was 100% specific for S aureus when known negative and positive samples were tested. Sensitivity was 100% for samples with added S aureus or other pathogens. Sensitivity was lower for sa...

PLoS ONE, 2012

The overrepresented approach (ORA) is the most widely-accepted method for functional analysis of ... more The overrepresented approach (ORA) is the most widely-accepted method for functional analysis of microarray datasets. The ORA is computationally-efficient and robust; however, it suffers from the inability of comparing results from multiple gene lists particularly with time-course experiments or those involving multiple treatments. To overcome such limitation a novel method termed Dynamic Impact Approach (DIA) is proposed. The DIA provides an estimate of the biological impact of the experimental conditions and the direction of the impact. The impact is obtained by combining the proportion of differentially expressed genes (DEG) with the log2 mean fold change and mean-log P-value of genes associated with the biological term. The direction of the impact is calculated as the difference of the impact of up-regulated DEG and downregulated DEG associated with the biological term. The DIA was validated using microarray data from a time-course experiment of bovine mammary gland across the lactation cycle. Several annotation databases were analyzed with DIA and compared to the same analysis performed by the ORA. The DIA highlighted that during lactation both BTA6 and BTA14 were the most impacted chromosomes; among Uniprot tissues those related with lactating mammary gland were the most positively-impacted; within KEGG pathways 'Galactose metabolism' and several metabolism categories related to lipid synthesis were among the most impacted and induced; within Gene Ontology ''lactose biosynthesis'' among Biological processes and ''Lactose synthase activity'' and ''Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity'' among Molecular processes were the most impacted and induced. With the exception of the terms 'Milk', 'Milk protein' and 'Mammary gland' among Uniprot tissues and SP_PIR_Keyword, the use of ORA failed to capture as significantly-enriched (i.e., biologically relevant) any term known to be associated with lactating mammary gland. Results indicate the DIA is a biologically-sound approach for analysis of time-course experiments. This tool represents an alternative to ORA for functional analysis.