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Papers by Aroon Baskaradas
The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2014
The implementation of the european Working time regulations in 1993 saw the reduction of junior d... more The implementation of the european Working time regulations in 1993 saw the reduction of junior doctors' working hours from 72 hours to 48 hours per week. While this is argued to be a safeguard for patient and doctor health, these reforms have resulted in a drastic reduction in obligatory training and have been the subject of much scrutiny, including from the royal college of surgeons of england.
Cureus, 2021
Simultaneous ipsilateral tibial tuberosity avulsion and patella fractures are rare in adults. The... more Simultaneous ipsilateral tibial tuberosity avulsion and patella fractures are rare in adults. They are often associated with patients who have underlying bone disease and other medical co-morbidities. Here we describe a case where this injury was attributed to direct trauma and demonstrate our department's management for such an injury. In addition to our case report, we have performed a systematic literature review to identify other cases of the same injury. Only four other cases have been reported. Here we summarise and compare the management and outcome measures reported in each case. All patients are managed differently, yet all authors report satisfactory outcomes. With this being a relatively rare injury, further research is required to establish a gold standard for management of such patients.
Clinical medicine (London, England), 2016
Since the introduction of the European Working Time Directive, specialist registrars arguably con... more Since the introduction of the European Working Time Directive, specialist registrars arguably contribute less to clinical service. The purpose of this study was to broadly quantify the service contribution of specialist registrars across a range of specialties and their value to an NHS organisation. A questionnaire-based survey of the clinical activities of specialist registrars in a large NHS trust was undertaken. Simple costing analyses of this -clinical activity were performed. Responses from 66 specialist registrars in 24 specialties showed an average of 51% overall clinical autonomy. Trainees attended an average of 2.7 outpatient clinics per week and spent 3.5 sessions a week doing ward work. Medical trainees took more referrals and attended more clinics. An analysis of costings suggested that surgical trainees might have generated around £700,000 income per year for the trust. Overall, specialist registrars make a substantial contribution to NHS clinical service and are cost-e...
Bone Joint Journal Orthopaedic Proceedings Supplement, Dec 1, 2013
Introduction Reconstructing acetabular defects in revision hip arthroplasty can be challenging. S... more Introduction Reconstructing acetabular defects in revision hip arthroplasty can be challenging. Small, contained defects can be successfully reconstructed with porous-coated cups without bone grafts. With larger uncontained defects, a cementless cup even with screws, will not engage with sufficient host bone to provide enough stability. Porous titanium augments were originally designed to be used with cementless porous titanium cups, and there is a scarcity of literature on their usage in cemented cups with bone grafting. Methods We retrospectively reviewed five hips (four patients – 3 women, 1 man; mean age 65 years) in which we reconstructed the acetabulum with a titanium augment (Biomet, IN, USA) as a support for impaction bone grafting and cemented acetabular cups (Figure 1). All defects were classified according to Paprosky classification. Radiographic signs of osseointegration were graded according to Moore grading. Quality of life was measured with the Oxford Hip Score. Results At a minimum of one year follow-up, none of the patients required any further surgery for aseptic loosening or re-revision. The Oxford Hip Scores generally improved and two of the patients were very satisfied with the overall outcome of the surgery and would have undergone the surgery again for a similar problem. The patient that underwent bilateral acetabular reconstruction during a period one month, scored lowered than the other patients and was less satisfied with the outcome. Radiographs at the latest follow-up revealed incorporation of the augment with mean change in acetabular component inclination of less than 1° and cup migration of less than 5 mm in both horizontal and vertical axes. Discussion Acetabular reconstruction using porous titanium augments as a support for bone grafting and cemented acetabular cups can be an effective way of managing uncontained structural acetabular defect, with biocompatibility and osteoinducive characteristics. The early results are promising but longer follow-up is required.
Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases, 2005
Human telomerase has two core components, the RNA molecule (TERC) that provides the template for ... more Human telomerase has two core components, the RNA molecule (TERC) that provides the template for telomere repeat elongation and a reverse transcriptase (TERT) that is responsible for the addition of telomere repeats at the ends of each chromosome. Mutations in TERC have been found in the autosomal-dominant form of the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome dyskeratosis congenita and in a subset of patients with aplastic anemia and myelodysplasia. These patients have short telomeres compared to age-matched controls. These observations suggest that uncharacterised cases of dyskeratosis congenita/aplastic anemia may have mutations in TERT or other molecules that associate with TERC in the telomerase complex. We have therefore screened the TERT gene for mutation by denaturing HPLC in 80 patients with inherited and acquired bone marrow failure (24 with dyskeratosis congenita, 36 with constitutional aplastic anemia, 13 with idiopathic aplastic anemia and 7 with other forms of bone marrow failure). 15 different TERT mutations have been identified. Of these, 5 are in flanking intron sequences, 6 are synonymous and 4 are non-synonymous (missense) substitutions in the coding sequence. These are the first natural mutations of TERT to be described and we highlight their possible pathogenic role in the development of bone marrow failure.
The Surgeon
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus (COVID-19) has negatively impacted healthcare around the world. It has h... more INTRODUCTION Coronavirus (COVID-19) has negatively impacted healthcare around the world. It has had a major impact on orthopaedic training. The independent sector has been proposed as a facility for future training. Our aim was to provide an overview of the current higher surgical trainees' experience in the independent sector. METHOD Training orthopaedic registrars within the East of England deanery were asked to complete an electronic questionnaire of their training experience in the independent sector between 5th November to 2nd December 2020. RESULTS 57 of 64 registrars (89%) from across all thirteen regional training hospitals responded. 44% attended the independent sector, but 7 only assisted (28%). No third year trainees went, but there was an even spread of other training years attending a mean of four sessions. Sixty-six indicative procedures were performed, all with supervisors scrubbed. Second year trainees performed the most cases with 4 on average. Completion of work based assessments was low. 20% trainees reported a negative experience. 80% enjoyed themselves. 52% felt they achieved their goals. 29% trainees felt that independent sector operating would compensate for the shortfall in training brought about by COVID-19. The main obstacles to independent sector training were lack of access and opportunity (51%) and poor induction and paperwork issues (22%) CONCLUSION: This is the first deanery-wide assessment of access to and training within the independent sector due to COVID-19. Independent sector operating for orthopaedic trainees is feasible on scale and should be embedded to supplement training in the future. In their current state independent sector facilities are not easily and universally accessible to fulfil training needs.
Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2012
Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2017
Proximal femoral fractures can be categorised into two main types: neck and intertrochanteric fra... more Proximal femoral fractures can be categorised into two main types: neck and intertrochanteric fractures accounting for 53% and 43% of all proximal femoral fractures, respectively. The possibility to predict the type of fracture a specific patient is predisposed to would allow drug and exercise therapies, hip protector design and prophylactic surgery to be better targeted for this patient rendering fracture preventing strategies more effective. This study hypothesized that the type of fracture is closely related to the patient-specific femoral structure and predictable by finite element (FE) methods. Fourteen femora were DXA scanned, CT scanned and mechanically tested to fracture. FE-predicted fracture patterns were compared to experimentally observed fracture patterns. Measurements of strain patterns to explain neck and intertrochanteric fracture patterns were performed using a digital volume correlation (DVC) technique and compared to FE-predicted strains and experimentally observe...
Journal of Surgical Research, 2015
Training Education Patient-specific implants Operative template Drill guide a b s t r a c t Backg... more Training Education Patient-specific implants Operative template Drill guide a b s t r a c t Background: Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is gaining increasing recognition as a technique that will transform the landscape of surgical practice. It allows for the rapid conversion of anatomic images into physical objects, which are being used across a variety of surgical specialties. It has been unclear which groups are leading the way in coming up with novel ways of using the technology and what specifically the technology is being used for. The aim of this article was to review the current applications of 3DP in modern surgical practice.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014
Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2013
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), 2011
Twenty volunteers were recruited to compare a novel, silicone ring tourniquet (the Hemaclear® tou... more Twenty volunteers were recruited to compare a novel, silicone ring tourniquet (the Hemaclear® tourniquet) with a pneumatic tourniquet. After application of the tourniquets, the pain and paraesthesia experienced by the participants was scored at 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes. This was repeated with the tourniquets on the forearm. On the upper arm, the silicone ring tourniquet was associated with a significantly lower pain score than the pneumatic tourniquet. The incidence of paraesthesia was also lower with the silicone ring tourniquet. When applied to the forearm, there was no statistically significant difference in pain scores between the two types of tourniquets. However the incidence of paraesthesia was again lower with the silicone ring tourniquet.
International Journal of Surgery, 2013
Injury Extra, 2011
Abstracts / Injury 42 (2011) 972-974 973 not match the selected reamer diameter. There was a stro... more Abstracts / Injury 42 (2011) 972-974 973 not match the selected reamer diameter. There was a strong negative correlation between clearance of the nail within the IM canal and force required for distraction.
Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases, 2005
Human telomerase has two core components, the RNA molecule (TERC) that provides the template for ... more Human telomerase has two core components, the RNA molecule (TERC) that provides the template for telomere repeat elongation and a reverse transcriptase (TERT) that is responsible for the addition of telomere repeats at the ends of each chromosome. Mutations in TERC have been found in the autosomal-dominant form of the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome dyskeratosis congenita and in a subset of patients with aplastic anemia and myelodysplasia. These patients have short telomeres compared to age-matched controls. These observations suggest that uncharacterised cases of dyskeratosis congenita/aplastic anemia may have mutations in TERT or other molecules that associate with TERC in the telomerase complex. We have therefore screened the TERT gene for mutation by denaturing HPLC in 80 patients with inherited and acquired bone marrow failure (24 with dyskeratosis congenita, 36 with constitutional aplastic anemia, 13 with idiopathic aplastic anemia and 7 with other forms of bone marrow failure). 15 different TERT mutations have been identified. Of these, 5 are in flanking intron sequences, 6 are synonymous and 4 are non-synonymous (missense) substitutions in the coding sequence. These are the first natural mutations of TERT to be described and we highlight their possible pathogenic role in the development of bone marrow failure.
The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2014
The implementation of the european Working time regulations in 1993 saw the reduction of junior d... more The implementation of the european Working time regulations in 1993 saw the reduction of junior doctors' working hours from 72 hours to 48 hours per week. While this is argued to be a safeguard for patient and doctor health, these reforms have resulted in a drastic reduction in obligatory training and have been the subject of much scrutiny, including from the royal college of surgeons of england.
Cureus, 2021
Simultaneous ipsilateral tibial tuberosity avulsion and patella fractures are rare in adults. The... more Simultaneous ipsilateral tibial tuberosity avulsion and patella fractures are rare in adults. They are often associated with patients who have underlying bone disease and other medical co-morbidities. Here we describe a case where this injury was attributed to direct trauma and demonstrate our department's management for such an injury. In addition to our case report, we have performed a systematic literature review to identify other cases of the same injury. Only four other cases have been reported. Here we summarise and compare the management and outcome measures reported in each case. All patients are managed differently, yet all authors report satisfactory outcomes. With this being a relatively rare injury, further research is required to establish a gold standard for management of such patients.
Clinical medicine (London, England), 2016
Since the introduction of the European Working Time Directive, specialist registrars arguably con... more Since the introduction of the European Working Time Directive, specialist registrars arguably contribute less to clinical service. The purpose of this study was to broadly quantify the service contribution of specialist registrars across a range of specialties and their value to an NHS organisation. A questionnaire-based survey of the clinical activities of specialist registrars in a large NHS trust was undertaken. Simple costing analyses of this -clinical activity were performed. Responses from 66 specialist registrars in 24 specialties showed an average of 51% overall clinical autonomy. Trainees attended an average of 2.7 outpatient clinics per week and spent 3.5 sessions a week doing ward work. Medical trainees took more referrals and attended more clinics. An analysis of costings suggested that surgical trainees might have generated around £700,000 income per year for the trust. Overall, specialist registrars make a substantial contribution to NHS clinical service and are cost-e...
Bone Joint Journal Orthopaedic Proceedings Supplement, Dec 1, 2013
Introduction Reconstructing acetabular defects in revision hip arthroplasty can be challenging. S... more Introduction Reconstructing acetabular defects in revision hip arthroplasty can be challenging. Small, contained defects can be successfully reconstructed with porous-coated cups without bone grafts. With larger uncontained defects, a cementless cup even with screws, will not engage with sufficient host bone to provide enough stability. Porous titanium augments were originally designed to be used with cementless porous titanium cups, and there is a scarcity of literature on their usage in cemented cups with bone grafting. Methods We retrospectively reviewed five hips (four patients – 3 women, 1 man; mean age 65 years) in which we reconstructed the acetabulum with a titanium augment (Biomet, IN, USA) as a support for impaction bone grafting and cemented acetabular cups (Figure 1). All defects were classified according to Paprosky classification. Radiographic signs of osseointegration were graded according to Moore grading. Quality of life was measured with the Oxford Hip Score. Results At a minimum of one year follow-up, none of the patients required any further surgery for aseptic loosening or re-revision. The Oxford Hip Scores generally improved and two of the patients were very satisfied with the overall outcome of the surgery and would have undergone the surgery again for a similar problem. The patient that underwent bilateral acetabular reconstruction during a period one month, scored lowered than the other patients and was less satisfied with the outcome. Radiographs at the latest follow-up revealed incorporation of the augment with mean change in acetabular component inclination of less than 1° and cup migration of less than 5 mm in both horizontal and vertical axes. Discussion Acetabular reconstruction using porous titanium augments as a support for bone grafting and cemented acetabular cups can be an effective way of managing uncontained structural acetabular defect, with biocompatibility and osteoinducive characteristics. The early results are promising but longer follow-up is required.
Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases, 2005
Human telomerase has two core components, the RNA molecule (TERC) that provides the template for ... more Human telomerase has two core components, the RNA molecule (TERC) that provides the template for telomere repeat elongation and a reverse transcriptase (TERT) that is responsible for the addition of telomere repeats at the ends of each chromosome. Mutations in TERC have been found in the autosomal-dominant form of the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome dyskeratosis congenita and in a subset of patients with aplastic anemia and myelodysplasia. These patients have short telomeres compared to age-matched controls. These observations suggest that uncharacterised cases of dyskeratosis congenita/aplastic anemia may have mutations in TERT or other molecules that associate with TERC in the telomerase complex. We have therefore screened the TERT gene for mutation by denaturing HPLC in 80 patients with inherited and acquired bone marrow failure (24 with dyskeratosis congenita, 36 with constitutional aplastic anemia, 13 with idiopathic aplastic anemia and 7 with other forms of bone marrow failure). 15 different TERT mutations have been identified. Of these, 5 are in flanking intron sequences, 6 are synonymous and 4 are non-synonymous (missense) substitutions in the coding sequence. These are the first natural mutations of TERT to be described and we highlight their possible pathogenic role in the development of bone marrow failure.
The Surgeon
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus (COVID-19) has negatively impacted healthcare around the world. It has h... more INTRODUCTION Coronavirus (COVID-19) has negatively impacted healthcare around the world. It has had a major impact on orthopaedic training. The independent sector has been proposed as a facility for future training. Our aim was to provide an overview of the current higher surgical trainees' experience in the independent sector. METHOD Training orthopaedic registrars within the East of England deanery were asked to complete an electronic questionnaire of their training experience in the independent sector between 5th November to 2nd December 2020. RESULTS 57 of 64 registrars (89%) from across all thirteen regional training hospitals responded. 44% attended the independent sector, but 7 only assisted (28%). No third year trainees went, but there was an even spread of other training years attending a mean of four sessions. Sixty-six indicative procedures were performed, all with supervisors scrubbed. Second year trainees performed the most cases with 4 on average. Completion of work based assessments was low. 20% trainees reported a negative experience. 80% enjoyed themselves. 52% felt they achieved their goals. 29% trainees felt that independent sector operating would compensate for the shortfall in training brought about by COVID-19. The main obstacles to independent sector training were lack of access and opportunity (51%) and poor induction and paperwork issues (22%) CONCLUSION: This is the first deanery-wide assessment of access to and training within the independent sector due to COVID-19. Independent sector operating for orthopaedic trainees is feasible on scale and should be embedded to supplement training in the future. In their current state independent sector facilities are not easily and universally accessible to fulfil training needs.
Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2012
Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2017
Proximal femoral fractures can be categorised into two main types: neck and intertrochanteric fra... more Proximal femoral fractures can be categorised into two main types: neck and intertrochanteric fractures accounting for 53% and 43% of all proximal femoral fractures, respectively. The possibility to predict the type of fracture a specific patient is predisposed to would allow drug and exercise therapies, hip protector design and prophylactic surgery to be better targeted for this patient rendering fracture preventing strategies more effective. This study hypothesized that the type of fracture is closely related to the patient-specific femoral structure and predictable by finite element (FE) methods. Fourteen femora were DXA scanned, CT scanned and mechanically tested to fracture. FE-predicted fracture patterns were compared to experimentally observed fracture patterns. Measurements of strain patterns to explain neck and intertrochanteric fracture patterns were performed using a digital volume correlation (DVC) technique and compared to FE-predicted strains and experimentally observe...
Journal of Surgical Research, 2015
Training Education Patient-specific implants Operative template Drill guide a b s t r a c t Backg... more Training Education Patient-specific implants Operative template Drill guide a b s t r a c t Background: Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is gaining increasing recognition as a technique that will transform the landscape of surgical practice. It allows for the rapid conversion of anatomic images into physical objects, which are being used across a variety of surgical specialties. It has been unclear which groups are leading the way in coming up with novel ways of using the technology and what specifically the technology is being used for. The aim of this article was to review the current applications of 3DP in modern surgical practice.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014
Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2013
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), 2011
Twenty volunteers were recruited to compare a novel, silicone ring tourniquet (the Hemaclear® tou... more Twenty volunteers were recruited to compare a novel, silicone ring tourniquet (the Hemaclear® tourniquet) with a pneumatic tourniquet. After application of the tourniquets, the pain and paraesthesia experienced by the participants was scored at 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes. This was repeated with the tourniquets on the forearm. On the upper arm, the silicone ring tourniquet was associated with a significantly lower pain score than the pneumatic tourniquet. The incidence of paraesthesia was also lower with the silicone ring tourniquet. When applied to the forearm, there was no statistically significant difference in pain scores between the two types of tourniquets. However the incidence of paraesthesia was again lower with the silicone ring tourniquet.
International Journal of Surgery, 2013
Injury Extra, 2011
Abstracts / Injury 42 (2011) 972-974 973 not match the selected reamer diameter. There was a stro... more Abstracts / Injury 42 (2011) 972-974 973 not match the selected reamer diameter. There was a strong negative correlation between clearance of the nail within the IM canal and force required for distraction.
Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases, 2005
Human telomerase has two core components, the RNA molecule (TERC) that provides the template for ... more Human telomerase has two core components, the RNA molecule (TERC) that provides the template for telomere repeat elongation and a reverse transcriptase (TERT) that is responsible for the addition of telomere repeats at the ends of each chromosome. Mutations in TERC have been found in the autosomal-dominant form of the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome dyskeratosis congenita and in a subset of patients with aplastic anemia and myelodysplasia. These patients have short telomeres compared to age-matched controls. These observations suggest that uncharacterised cases of dyskeratosis congenita/aplastic anemia may have mutations in TERT or other molecules that associate with TERC in the telomerase complex. We have therefore screened the TERT gene for mutation by denaturing HPLC in 80 patients with inherited and acquired bone marrow failure (24 with dyskeratosis congenita, 36 with constitutional aplastic anemia, 13 with idiopathic aplastic anemia and 7 with other forms of bone marrow failure). 15 different TERT mutations have been identified. Of these, 5 are in flanking intron sequences, 6 are synonymous and 4 are non-synonymous (missense) substitutions in the coding sequence. These are the first natural mutations of TERT to be described and we highlight their possible pathogenic role in the development of bone marrow failure.