Dr Radu Rautiu | Imperial College London (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr Radu Rautiu
Water and Environment Journal, 2006
Journal of Water and Health, 2009
There appears to be very good epidemiological evidence for a relationship between chlorination by... more There appears to be very good epidemiological evidence for a relationship between chlorination by-products, as measured by trihalomethanes (THMs), in drinking water and bladder cancer, but the evidence for other cancers, including colorectal cancer appears to be inconclusive and inconsistent. There appears to be some evidence for a relationship between chlorination by-products, as measured by THMs, and small for gestational age (SGA)/intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and preterm delivery, but evidence for other outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW), stillbirth, congenital anomalies and semen quality appears to be inconclusive and inconsistent. The overall aim of the HIWATE study is to investigate potential human health risks (e.g. bladder and colorectal cancer, premature births, SGA, semen quality, stillbirth, congenital anomalies) associated with long-term exposure to low levels of disinfectants (such as chlorine) and DBPs occurring in water for human consumption and use in ...
Hydrometallurgy, 1994
... [ 15 ], Tufegdzic et al. [ 16 ] and Ovcharenko et al. [ 17 ]. Organic ion exchangers have als... more ... [ 15 ], Tufegdzic et al. [ 16 ] and Ovcharenko et al. [ 17 ]. Organic ion exchangers have also been investigated in different environ-ments such as Dowex 1 (chloride form in methanol-water mixtures) by Singh and Kumar [ 18 ] and Amberlite IRC-50 by Singh and Shabd [ 19 ]. ...
Chemosphere, 2006
New legislation such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will require Member States to better ... more New legislation such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will require Member States to better understand the concentrations and loads of contaminants entering surface waters. This will include inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) as well as from other urban, industrial and agricultural sources. A review of available literature revealed a shortage of data on the levels and sources of heavy metals entering WWTP from urban sources. As a consequence, the concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc) were determined in the wastewater from an urban catchment located in the UK, as part of a project undertaken for UK Water Industry Research (UKWIR). Both foul and surface water samples were taken. Metal concentrations varied considerably in the foul water samples, both between sources and over the course of the week. Concentrations of most metals were higher in the Monday town centre samples, attributed to leaching from stagnant water remaining in the pipework of office buildings over the weekend. Runoff concentrations were higher in the light industrial estate samples than in the domestic samples for all the metals, and exhibited highest levels in the Ôfirst flushÕ samples, coincident with the initial flow of runoff containing the highest concentrations of suspended solids.
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2003
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 1999
A n organophilic pillared clays-based adsorbent was prepared by incorporating a cationic surfacta... more A n organophilic pillared clays-based adsorbent was prepared by incorporating a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) during the synthesis of conventional aluminium pillared clays. A speci® c amount of HDTMA was desired to occupy the cation exchange sites of the precursor clay. The presence of the HDTMA surfactant enhanced the adsorption ability of the clays toward phenolic compounds from aqueous systems. Adsorption experiments were carried out using a batch equilibration technique to investigate the removal of three toxic phenol compoundsÐ phenol, 3-monochlorophenol and 3,5-dichlorophenolÐ by the surfactant-modi® ed pillared clays. Comparative adsorption experiments were also conducted with Montmorillonite,the starting clay, as a reference material. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing surfactant-modi® ed pillared clays as an adsorbent for removing phenol and chlorinated phenols from water. The adsorption af® nity decreased in the following sequence: 3,5 dichlorophenol>3-monochlorophenol>phenol. The Langmuir model was used to analyse the adsorption equilibria and calculate the adsorption capacity of phenolic compounds on these surfactant-modi® ed pillared clays, S-PILCs.
Journal of Materials Science, 1995
A comparison is presented of cobalt and chromium uptake on different clays. It is shown that clay... more A comparison is presented of cobalt and chromium uptake on different clays. It is shown that clay minerals are good adsorbents for cobalt and chromium in waste effluents. The sorption of cobalt and chromium on the clays studied was by ion exchange and surface complex formation, respectively. In addition, the percentage of either cobalt or chromium removed in a mixed solution environment is higher than the individual adsorption in single-component experiments. This proves a synergistic mechanism. The optimum uptake of each metal ion from mixed species was achieved by montmorillonite clay in the calcium form.
The paper presents a recent evaluation of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soil collected around the decantat... more The paper presents a recent evaluation of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soil collected around the decantation pond AURUL (5 and 30 cm depth) and from the Bozanta-Mare village (5 cm depth) situated in its proximity and a comparison with the admitted levels according to the Romanian legislation. The soil was found to be polluted with Cu, Pb and Zn as their contents exceeded the intervention level on large surfaces that could be detrimental to agriculture. The severe contamination with heavy metals of the area cannot be attributed only to the cyanide spill occurred in January 2000. Other factors such as more than one century of mining and ores processing, building and maintaining of dams by land dislocation, permanent erosion of older dams must also be taken into consideration.
Environmental Technology, 1998
Chemical Engineering Journal, 1997
This paper describes the anion exchange properties of hydrous tin dioxide and of a composite sili... more This paper describes the anion exchange properties of hydrous tin dioxide and of a composite silica-tin dioxide. The anions studied were fluoride, iodide, iodate and antimonate. Some isotherm data have been obtained and have been correlated with the Langmuir isotherm in which the coefficient in the denominator is negative. Generally speaking the uptake of anions drops as the pH of the contacting solution rises. The balance of evidence would seem to indicate that the process is classical ion exchange. The extent of the pH range over which this occurs is surprising and contradicts classical notions of hydrous oxide ion exchange theory.
The status oÍ the river system in the mining region of Baia Mare is examined, fo||owing the long ... more The status oÍ the river system in the mining region of Baia Mare is examined, fo||owing the long term mining actrvity rn the area and the cyanide sprll accident that occured in January 2000. The cyanide spill released more than 100'000 cubic meters oÍ |iquid and suspended waste that contained cyanide and heavy meta|s. Most oÍ tt, esttmated at 50 to 100 tons of CN. reached the |oca| river catchment. More than 50 km of river, upstream and downstrearn the cyanide spil| inÍ|ow were samp|ed Íor water, sediments and aquatic ecosystem. The heavy meta| content in water is wrthin the |imits oí Rornanian standards in most oÍ the samp|ing sites. No cyantde was Íound in the water. The sediments have a high content oí heavy metals and cyanides with mlntmum and maxtmum va|ues in mg/kg as Ío||owing, Cu: 104-339, Pb: 59-465, Zn: 56-2060, Cd: 0.05-14'14' CN: 0.33. 15.86. These va|ues demonstrate the potential toxtcity oÍ the sediments. The cyanide spil| affected al| components of the aquatic ecosystem. Some oÍ the microa|gae species wtth narrow to|erance to changes in water quality disappeared on Somes river. A recovery is taking place but wrth a smaller number of specres and wrth cosmopolite spectes. The number of fish species decreased dramatically as compared wrth the period before the accident. The new fish individuals that were collected in the affected area are young and come Írom the upstream sectlon oÍ the rivers. lt was demonstrated experimenta||y that many species oÍ mo||usks dísappeared downstream the cyanide spt|| inflow main|y because their capacrty to accumu|ate |arge amount of heavy metals was exceeded.
Water and Environment Journal, 2006
Journal of Water and Health, 2009
There appears to be very good epidemiological evidence for a relationship between chlorination by... more There appears to be very good epidemiological evidence for a relationship between chlorination by-products, as measured by trihalomethanes (THMs), in drinking water and bladder cancer, but the evidence for other cancers, including colorectal cancer appears to be inconclusive and inconsistent. There appears to be some evidence for a relationship between chlorination by-products, as measured by THMs, and small for gestational age (SGA)/intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and preterm delivery, but evidence for other outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW), stillbirth, congenital anomalies and semen quality appears to be inconclusive and inconsistent. The overall aim of the HIWATE study is to investigate potential human health risks (e.g. bladder and colorectal cancer, premature births, SGA, semen quality, stillbirth, congenital anomalies) associated with long-term exposure to low levels of disinfectants (such as chlorine) and DBPs occurring in water for human consumption and use in ...
Hydrometallurgy, 1994
... [ 15 ], Tufegdzic et al. [ 16 ] and Ovcharenko et al. [ 17 ]. Organic ion exchangers have als... more ... [ 15 ], Tufegdzic et al. [ 16 ] and Ovcharenko et al. [ 17 ]. Organic ion exchangers have also been investigated in different environ-ments such as Dowex 1 (chloride form in methanol-water mixtures) by Singh and Kumar [ 18 ] and Amberlite IRC-50 by Singh and Shabd [ 19 ]. ...
Chemosphere, 2006
New legislation such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will require Member States to better ... more New legislation such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will require Member States to better understand the concentrations and loads of contaminants entering surface waters. This will include inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) as well as from other urban, industrial and agricultural sources. A review of available literature revealed a shortage of data on the levels and sources of heavy metals entering WWTP from urban sources. As a consequence, the concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc) were determined in the wastewater from an urban catchment located in the UK, as part of a project undertaken for UK Water Industry Research (UKWIR). Both foul and surface water samples were taken. Metal concentrations varied considerably in the foul water samples, both between sources and over the course of the week. Concentrations of most metals were higher in the Monday town centre samples, attributed to leaching from stagnant water remaining in the pipework of office buildings over the weekend. Runoff concentrations were higher in the light industrial estate samples than in the domestic samples for all the metals, and exhibited highest levels in the Ôfirst flushÕ samples, coincident with the initial flow of runoff containing the highest concentrations of suspended solids.
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2003
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 1999
A n organophilic pillared clays-based adsorbent was prepared by incorporating a cationic surfacta... more A n organophilic pillared clays-based adsorbent was prepared by incorporating a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) during the synthesis of conventional aluminium pillared clays. A speci® c amount of HDTMA was desired to occupy the cation exchange sites of the precursor clay. The presence of the HDTMA surfactant enhanced the adsorption ability of the clays toward phenolic compounds from aqueous systems. Adsorption experiments were carried out using a batch equilibration technique to investigate the removal of three toxic phenol compoundsÐ phenol, 3-monochlorophenol and 3,5-dichlorophenolÐ by the surfactant-modi® ed pillared clays. Comparative adsorption experiments were also conducted with Montmorillonite,the starting clay, as a reference material. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing surfactant-modi® ed pillared clays as an adsorbent for removing phenol and chlorinated phenols from water. The adsorption af® nity decreased in the following sequence: 3,5 dichlorophenol>3-monochlorophenol>phenol. The Langmuir model was used to analyse the adsorption equilibria and calculate the adsorption capacity of phenolic compounds on these surfactant-modi® ed pillared clays, S-PILCs.
Journal of Materials Science, 1995
A comparison is presented of cobalt and chromium uptake on different clays. It is shown that clay... more A comparison is presented of cobalt and chromium uptake on different clays. It is shown that clay minerals are good adsorbents for cobalt and chromium in waste effluents. The sorption of cobalt and chromium on the clays studied was by ion exchange and surface complex formation, respectively. In addition, the percentage of either cobalt or chromium removed in a mixed solution environment is higher than the individual adsorption in single-component experiments. This proves a synergistic mechanism. The optimum uptake of each metal ion from mixed species was achieved by montmorillonite clay in the calcium form.
The paper presents a recent evaluation of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soil collected around the decantat... more The paper presents a recent evaluation of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soil collected around the decantation pond AURUL (5 and 30 cm depth) and from the Bozanta-Mare village (5 cm depth) situated in its proximity and a comparison with the admitted levels according to the Romanian legislation. The soil was found to be polluted with Cu, Pb and Zn as their contents exceeded the intervention level on large surfaces that could be detrimental to agriculture. The severe contamination with heavy metals of the area cannot be attributed only to the cyanide spill occurred in January 2000. Other factors such as more than one century of mining and ores processing, building and maintaining of dams by land dislocation, permanent erosion of older dams must also be taken into consideration.
Environmental Technology, 1998
Chemical Engineering Journal, 1997
This paper describes the anion exchange properties of hydrous tin dioxide and of a composite sili... more This paper describes the anion exchange properties of hydrous tin dioxide and of a composite silica-tin dioxide. The anions studied were fluoride, iodide, iodate and antimonate. Some isotherm data have been obtained and have been correlated with the Langmuir isotherm in which the coefficient in the denominator is negative. Generally speaking the uptake of anions drops as the pH of the contacting solution rises. The balance of evidence would seem to indicate that the process is classical ion exchange. The extent of the pH range over which this occurs is surprising and contradicts classical notions of hydrous oxide ion exchange theory.
The status oÍ the river system in the mining region of Baia Mare is examined, fo||owing the long ... more The status oÍ the river system in the mining region of Baia Mare is examined, fo||owing the long term mining actrvity rn the area and the cyanide sprll accident that occured in January 2000. The cyanide spill released more than 100'000 cubic meters oÍ |iquid and suspended waste that contained cyanide and heavy meta|s. Most oÍ tt, esttmated at 50 to 100 tons of CN. reached the |oca| river catchment. More than 50 km of river, upstream and downstrearn the cyanide spil| inÍ|ow were samp|ed Íor water, sediments and aquatic ecosystem. The heavy meta| content in water is wrthin the |imits oí Rornanian standards in most oÍ the samp|ing sites. No cyantde was Íound in the water. The sediments have a high content oí heavy metals and cyanides with mlntmum and maxtmum va|ues in mg/kg as Ío||owing, Cu: 104-339, Pb: 59-465, Zn: 56-2060, Cd: 0.05-14'14' CN: 0.33. 15.86. These va|ues demonstrate the potential toxtcity oÍ the sediments. The cyanide spil| affected al| components of the aquatic ecosystem. Some oÍ the microa|gae species wtth narrow to|erance to changes in water quality disappeared on Somes river. A recovery is taking place but wrth a smaller number of specres and wrth cosmopolite spectes. The number of fish species decreased dramatically as compared wrth the period before the accident. The new fish individuals that were collected in the affected area are young and come Írom the upstream sectlon oÍ the rivers. lt was demonstrated experimenta||y that many species oÍ mo||usks dísappeared downstream the cyanide spt|| inflow main|y because their capacrty to accumu|ate |arge amount of heavy metals was exceeded.