Chukwudi Promise Tims-Lewechi | Imo State University Owerri, Nigeria. (original) (raw)
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In Bhutan, just like many developing nations, the resultant environmental problems are legion. Th... more In Bhutan, just like many developing nations, the resultant environmental problems are legion. These cuts across aggravated soil erosion, flood disasters, alkalisation, and the desertification due to the effects of shifting agriculture on fragile soils, forest clearing in erosion prone and flood prone areas, bush burning, animal over-grazing and poor construction and maintenance of roads and irrigation system; pollution of water, air and land due to improper disposal of domestic and industrial wastes; pollution through oil spillage; pollution from noise; proliferation of slums in urban areas, unsanitary and unsafe housing; congestion of traffic and houses in urban areas and lack of open spaces for active outdoor recreation. All these affect human well-being especially the health and socio-economic well being of the Kingdom of Bhutan and the world as a whole. This paper is therefore an attempt to highlight and discuss the impact of environmental degradation on the people of Bhutan and further examine different steps that could be taken to combat environmental degradation in Bhutan.
Conflicts in its entire ramification are endemic all over the world. However, violent conflicts a... more Conflicts in its entire ramification are endemic all over the world. However, violent conflicts are prevalent in the post-colonial Africa and exist within a triangle of relationships. This is the belligerents and the inhabitants of whatever location the conflicts are taking place. Moreover, the most vulnerable groups of the inhabitants in these conflict situations are women and children whose rights have been severely abused in recent times. Wartime violence against women and children reached a high water mark during the Nigeria-Biafra war (1967)(1968)(1969)(1970), as numerous women and children specifically in border communities who were not among the many groups involved in the war were notoriously abused: raped, maimed, mutilated and killed. This research work seeks to critically examine the extent at which women and children were abused in communities bordering the Biafra region during the 1967-1970 war. The study will employ principally qualitative empirical methods and in-depth analysis and interviews among the inhabitants of the present day Edo, Delta, Kogi and Benue states which make up the border communities of the defunct Biafra Republic. The study will conclude by stating that during the Nigeria-Biafra war, the overwhelming majority of Internally Displaced Persons (lDPs) and those notoriously abused were women and children of the communities bordering the Biafra Republic as they were extremely vulnerable during the war. Women and children in these communities faced rigours of perpetual harassment and frequent sexual abuse, rape, forced recruitment and labour, especially in the hands of the Federal Troops who used these communities as their military camps and hideouts.
In Bhutan, just like many developing nations, the resultant environmental problems are legion. Th... more In Bhutan, just like many developing nations, the resultant environmental problems are legion. These cuts across aggravated soil erosion, flood disasters, alkalisation, and the desertification due to the effects of shifting agriculture on fragile soils, forest clearing in erosion prone and flood prone areas, bush burning, animal over-grazing and poor construction and maintenance of roads and irrigation system; pollution of water, air and land due to improper disposal of domestic and industrial wastes; pollution through oil spillage; pollution from noise; proliferation of slums in urban areas, unsanitary and unsafe housing; congestion of traffic and houses in urban areas and lack of open spaces for active outdoor recreation. All these affect human well-being especially the health and socio-economic well being of the Kingdom of Bhutan and the world as a whole. This paper is therefore an attempt to highlight and discuss the impact of environmental degradation on the people of Bhutan and further examine different steps that could be taken to combat environmental degradation in Bhutan.
Conflicts in its entire ramification are endemic all over the world. However, violent conflicts a... more Conflicts in its entire ramification are endemic all over the world. However, violent conflicts are prevalent in the post-colonial Africa and exist within a triangle of relationships. This is the belligerents and the inhabitants of whatever location the conflicts are taking place. Moreover, the most vulnerable groups of the inhabitants in these conflict situations are women and children whose rights have been severely abused in recent times. Wartime violence against women and children reached a high water mark during the Nigeria-Biafra war (1967)(1968)(1969)(1970), as numerous women and children specifically in border communities who were not among the many groups involved in the war were notoriously abused: raped, maimed, mutilated and killed. This research work seeks to critically examine the extent at which women and children were abused in communities bordering the Biafra region during the 1967-1970 war. The study will employ principally qualitative empirical methods and in-depth analysis and interviews among the inhabitants of the present day Edo, Delta, Kogi and Benue states which make up the border communities of the defunct Biafra Republic. The study will conclude by stating that during the Nigeria-Biafra war, the overwhelming majority of Internally Displaced Persons (lDPs) and those notoriously abused were women and children of the communities bordering the Biafra Republic as they were extremely vulnerable during the war. Women and children in these communities faced rigours of perpetual harassment and frequent sexual abuse, rape, forced recruitment and labour, especially in the hands of the Federal Troops who used these communities as their military camps and hideouts.