Dr Indra Pathmanathan | International Medical University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Dr Indra Pathmanathan
PubMed, Dec 1, 1975
In order to investigate the smoking habits of Malaysian medical students and compare them with st... more In order to investigate the smoking habits of Malaysian medical students and compare them with studies on their counterparts a questionnaire intended for self-completion was administered during September-November 1972 to each class of medical students. The 654 matriculated students came from every state in the country. Of the 625 respondents 20.3% claimed to be current smokers while a further 14.1% had smoked previously. The smoking habit was confined almost entirely to male students; there were only 2 female students who had ever smoked. Malay students had the highest proportion (28.2%) of current smokers compared to 16.3% among Chinese and 23.5% among Indians and others. Among the male students an average of only 15.5% were currently smoking during their 1st two years in the faculty but during the 3rd year of university life 25.7% became current smokers. There was an average of 28.8% current smokers among students who remained in the faculty for a 3rd 4th 5th and 6th year. Among students younger than age 22 only 5.1% were current smokers; 30.5% of those over age 22 were smoking currently. Of the 127 current smokers 80 (62.9%) claimed to be regular in their habit; the others claimed to be occasional smokers.
Page 1. F L; Trainers and Facilitators L TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH Indra P... more Page 1. F L; Trainers and Facilitators L TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH Indra Pathmanathan NI Nik-Safiah i r"Nnt", L74 Health Systems Research Training Series Volume 5 Page 2. The International ...
Studies in Family Planning, Oct 1, 1978
IDRC supported. Survey of maternal child health and early pregnancy wastage due to spontaneous an... more IDRC supported. Survey of maternal child health and early pregnancy wastage due to spontaneous and induced abortion in Peninsular Malaysia - sets out health risk due to pregnancy wastage, contraceptive usage and its relation to induced abortion and family planning, considering demographic and social aspects, religion and education; describes methodology of data collecting, data analysis and presentation. Statistical data
Leprosy Review, 1992
The development of multidrug therapy (MDT) has provided the technology that could reduce leprosy ... more The development of multidrug therapy (MDT) has provided the technology that could reduce leprosy to the level where it will no longer be a public health problem. However, although this technology is available, there are many problems in effectively applying it for the benefit of all leprosy patients. At present only 55% of registered cases are on MDT and there is considerable variation in MDT coverage in different countries. Several issues have to be addressed in order to strengthen leprosy control programmes (Table 1). A review of progress in MDT shows that in most countries: some policies are not appropriate; some aspects of many programmes are inadequate or unsuitable and the implementation is less effective than desired.
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Aug 26, 2021
This chapter explores how the Malaysian health workforce evolved over a 60-year period. It analys... more This chapter explores how the Malaysian health workforce evolved over a 60-year period. It analyses the dynamic interactions between various forces in the health system and explores how broader societal elements such as education levels and economic growth; evolving epidemiological, demographic and behavioural patterns; and macroeconomic policies contributed to the dynamic interactions and influenced the subsequent outcomes for the health system. This chapter does not attempt to provide a detailed profile of the Malaysian health workforce, as such information is available on the websites of the Malaysian Ministry of Health (MoH) (Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2016b) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (World Health Organization, 2014). 8.2 Post-independence: The Early Phase (1960s and 1970s)-Focus on Improving Access During the years immediately after independence, the Malaysian population was largely rural and had relatively low literacy and high rates of maternal and infant mortality, vaccine-preventable diseases, malaria, tuberculosis, water-and soil-borne disease and malnutrition (see Chapter 3). The economy was doing well, with a steadily increasing gross domestic product (GDP). Guided by strong political considerations, the government implemented policies for rapid integrated rural development, focusing on infrastructure, education and healthcare (see Chapter 3). A nationwide rural health service developed rapidly (see Chapter 4), together with vertical disease control programmes for malaria, tuberculosis, filariasis, yaws and various food-, water-and soil-borne diseases (Chapter 6). Community mobilisation was a key feature of the development process. Table
BMJ, Dec 7, 2018
See www.bmj.com/multisectoral-collaboration for other articles in the series.
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Aug 26, 2021
Health systems are fluid and their components are interdependent in complex ways. Policymakers, a... more Health systems are fluid and their components are interdependent in complex ways. Policymakers, academics and students continually endeavour to understand how to manage health systems to improve the health of populations. However, previous scholarship has often failed to engage with the intersections and interactions of health with a multitude of other systems and determinants. This book ambitiously takes on the challenge of presenting health systems as a coherent whole, by applying a systems-thinking lens. It focuses on Malaysia as a case study to demonstrate the evolution of a health system from a low-income developing status to one of the most resilient health systems today. A rich collaboration of multidisciplinary academics working with policymakers who were at the coalface of decision-making and practitioners with decades of experience, provides a candid analysis of what worked and what did not. The result is an engaging, informative and thought-provoking intervention in the debate. This title is Open Access.
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Aug 26, 2021
Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les syst... more Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les systemes de sante : premiere partie, formulation et mise a l'essai d'une proposition
Health Systems Research (HSR) has proved to be a useful tool for health decision makers at all le... more Health Systems Research (HSR) has proved to be a useful tool for health decision makers at all levels over the past 20 years, providing them with the necessary data for informed decision making. The Joint HSR Project for the Southern African Region based in the WHO Office in Harare and supported by WHO Geneva, the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) in Amsterdam and the Dutch Technical Development Cooperation (DGIS), has played a crucial role in the promotion of HSR in the African region since 1987. HSR was enthusiastically embraced by many Ministries of Health and universities. In 1996, the Regional WHO Office for Sub-Saharan Africa (AFRO) assumed full responsibility for implementing HSR. Following the recommendation of Health Ministers of the Region, WHO/AFRO in 1998 included HSR as a regular programme for all its 46 member states. The present HSR training modules, developed by an interdisciplinary, international team of practical researchers, have been highly instrumental in raising the interest for HSR. Originally designed for health managers at different levels as a tool to develop problem solving research in the Southern African Region, the modules also proved useful in Malaysia and were further elaborated by staff of the School of Public Health The 1991 combined version, published by International Development Research Centre, Canada and WHO, Geneva,* was translated in French, Spanish and Portuguese, and sections of it appeared in Arabic, Vietnamese and Chinese. In different parts of the world the modules facilitated the development and implementation of hundreds of research protocols by health staff and researchers. The HSR modules are used in the Community Health and Social Science Departments of many African, Asian and Latin American universities to train students and prepare them for their fieldwork. They are also used by Masters of Public Health courses in Europe and the USA and by international research programmes interested in applied research. This unanticipated application of the modules in academic as well as health management circles led to the rapid exhaustion of the 1991 edition and the several subsequent reprints. Various groups of users made many useful suggestions for changes and improvements. The HSR Unit in AFRO, with agreement from IDRC, therefore decided to organise a revision of the HSR modules. An interdisciplinary group of Southern African researchers reviewed and made revisions in two workshops in 1998 and 1999. Two of the three original editors finalised the present version. IDRC took on the final responsibility for the publication, which was financed by AFRO and IDRC and published by KIT. It is hoped that this revised version of the modules will fulfil the same need as preceding ones have done. Certainly many new and persisting health problems urgently require operational research. How to support necessary health reforms and at the same time ensure equity in access to health care for high-risk groups remains a major challenge. HSR is one of the tools we have to obtain deeper insight in these challenges and optimally focus our resources.
Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health, 1995
Diseño y realización de proyectos de investigación sobre sistemas de salud. Parte 2, Análisis de ... more Diseño y realización de proyectos de investigación sobre sistemas de salud. Parte 2, Análisis de datos y redacción de informes. Ottawa, ON, CIID, 1995. xxi + 167 p.: il.
Version anglaise dans la bibliotheque: Designing and conducting health systems research projects ... more Version anglaise dans la bibliotheque: Designing and conducting health systems research projects : part 2, data analysis and report writing
Data analysis and report writing , Data analysis and report writing , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور... more Data analysis and report writing , Data analysis and report writing , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les syst... more Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les systemes de sante : deuxieme partie, analyse de donnees et redaction de rapports
Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les syst... more Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les systemes de sante : premiere partie, formulation et mise a l'essai d'une proposition
Library has French version: Strategies permettant d'interesser les universites et les institu... more Library has French version: Strategies permettant d'interesser les universites et les instituts de recherche a la recherche sur les systemes de sante
PubMed, Dec 1, 1975
In order to investigate the smoking habits of Malaysian medical students and compare them with st... more In order to investigate the smoking habits of Malaysian medical students and compare them with studies on their counterparts a questionnaire intended for self-completion was administered during September-November 1972 to each class of medical students. The 654 matriculated students came from every state in the country. Of the 625 respondents 20.3% claimed to be current smokers while a further 14.1% had smoked previously. The smoking habit was confined almost entirely to male students; there were only 2 female students who had ever smoked. Malay students had the highest proportion (28.2%) of current smokers compared to 16.3% among Chinese and 23.5% among Indians and others. Among the male students an average of only 15.5% were currently smoking during their 1st two years in the faculty but during the 3rd year of university life 25.7% became current smokers. There was an average of 28.8% current smokers among students who remained in the faculty for a 3rd 4th 5th and 6th year. Among students younger than age 22 only 5.1% were current smokers; 30.5% of those over age 22 were smoking currently. Of the 127 current smokers 80 (62.9%) claimed to be regular in their habit; the others claimed to be occasional smokers.
Page 1. F L; Trainers and Facilitators L TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH Indra P... more Page 1. F L; Trainers and Facilitators L TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH Indra Pathmanathan NI Nik-Safiah i r"Nnt", L74 Health Systems Research Training Series Volume 5 Page 2. The International ...
Studies in Family Planning, Oct 1, 1978
IDRC supported. Survey of maternal child health and early pregnancy wastage due to spontaneous an... more IDRC supported. Survey of maternal child health and early pregnancy wastage due to spontaneous and induced abortion in Peninsular Malaysia - sets out health risk due to pregnancy wastage, contraceptive usage and its relation to induced abortion and family planning, considering demographic and social aspects, religion and education; describes methodology of data collecting, data analysis and presentation. Statistical data
Leprosy Review, 1992
The development of multidrug therapy (MDT) has provided the technology that could reduce leprosy ... more The development of multidrug therapy (MDT) has provided the technology that could reduce leprosy to the level where it will no longer be a public health problem. However, although this technology is available, there are many problems in effectively applying it for the benefit of all leprosy patients. At present only 55% of registered cases are on MDT and there is considerable variation in MDT coverage in different countries. Several issues have to be addressed in order to strengthen leprosy control programmes (Table 1). A review of progress in MDT shows that in most countries: some policies are not appropriate; some aspects of many programmes are inadequate or unsuitable and the implementation is less effective than desired.
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Aug 26, 2021
This chapter explores how the Malaysian health workforce evolved over a 60-year period. It analys... more This chapter explores how the Malaysian health workforce evolved over a 60-year period. It analyses the dynamic interactions between various forces in the health system and explores how broader societal elements such as education levels and economic growth; evolving epidemiological, demographic and behavioural patterns; and macroeconomic policies contributed to the dynamic interactions and influenced the subsequent outcomes for the health system. This chapter does not attempt to provide a detailed profile of the Malaysian health workforce, as such information is available on the websites of the Malaysian Ministry of Health (MoH) (Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2016b) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (World Health Organization, 2014). 8.2 Post-independence: The Early Phase (1960s and 1970s)-Focus on Improving Access During the years immediately after independence, the Malaysian population was largely rural and had relatively low literacy and high rates of maternal and infant mortality, vaccine-preventable diseases, malaria, tuberculosis, water-and soil-borne disease and malnutrition (see Chapter 3). The economy was doing well, with a steadily increasing gross domestic product (GDP). Guided by strong political considerations, the government implemented policies for rapid integrated rural development, focusing on infrastructure, education and healthcare (see Chapter 3). A nationwide rural health service developed rapidly (see Chapter 4), together with vertical disease control programmes for malaria, tuberculosis, filariasis, yaws and various food-, water-and soil-borne diseases (Chapter 6). Community mobilisation was a key feature of the development process. Table
BMJ, Dec 7, 2018
See www.bmj.com/multisectoral-collaboration for other articles in the series.
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Aug 26, 2021
Health systems are fluid and their components are interdependent in complex ways. Policymakers, a... more Health systems are fluid and their components are interdependent in complex ways. Policymakers, academics and students continually endeavour to understand how to manage health systems to improve the health of populations. However, previous scholarship has often failed to engage with the intersections and interactions of health with a multitude of other systems and determinants. This book ambitiously takes on the challenge of presenting health systems as a coherent whole, by applying a systems-thinking lens. It focuses on Malaysia as a case study to demonstrate the evolution of a health system from a low-income developing status to one of the most resilient health systems today. A rich collaboration of multidisciplinary academics working with policymakers who were at the coalface of decision-making and practitioners with decades of experience, provides a candid analysis of what worked and what did not. The result is an engaging, informative and thought-provoking intervention in the debate. This title is Open Access.
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Aug 26, 2021
Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les syst... more Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les systemes de sante : premiere partie, formulation et mise a l'essai d'une proposition
Health Systems Research (HSR) has proved to be a useful tool for health decision makers at all le... more Health Systems Research (HSR) has proved to be a useful tool for health decision makers at all levels over the past 20 years, providing them with the necessary data for informed decision making. The Joint HSR Project for the Southern African Region based in the WHO Office in Harare and supported by WHO Geneva, the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) in Amsterdam and the Dutch Technical Development Cooperation (DGIS), has played a crucial role in the promotion of HSR in the African region since 1987. HSR was enthusiastically embraced by many Ministries of Health and universities. In 1996, the Regional WHO Office for Sub-Saharan Africa (AFRO) assumed full responsibility for implementing HSR. Following the recommendation of Health Ministers of the Region, WHO/AFRO in 1998 included HSR as a regular programme for all its 46 member states. The present HSR training modules, developed by an interdisciplinary, international team of practical researchers, have been highly instrumental in raising the interest for HSR. Originally designed for health managers at different levels as a tool to develop problem solving research in the Southern African Region, the modules also proved useful in Malaysia and were further elaborated by staff of the School of Public Health The 1991 combined version, published by International Development Research Centre, Canada and WHO, Geneva,* was translated in French, Spanish and Portuguese, and sections of it appeared in Arabic, Vietnamese and Chinese. In different parts of the world the modules facilitated the development and implementation of hundreds of research protocols by health staff and researchers. The HSR modules are used in the Community Health and Social Science Departments of many African, Asian and Latin American universities to train students and prepare them for their fieldwork. They are also used by Masters of Public Health courses in Europe and the USA and by international research programmes interested in applied research. This unanticipated application of the modules in academic as well as health management circles led to the rapid exhaustion of the 1991 edition and the several subsequent reprints. Various groups of users made many useful suggestions for changes and improvements. The HSR Unit in AFRO, with agreement from IDRC, therefore decided to organise a revision of the HSR modules. An interdisciplinary group of Southern African researchers reviewed and made revisions in two workshops in 1998 and 1999. Two of the three original editors finalised the present version. IDRC took on the final responsibility for the publication, which was financed by AFRO and IDRC and published by KIT. It is hoped that this revised version of the modules will fulfil the same need as preceding ones have done. Certainly many new and persisting health problems urgently require operational research. How to support necessary health reforms and at the same time ensure equity in access to health care for high-risk groups remains a major challenge. HSR is one of the tools we have to obtain deeper insight in these challenges and optimally focus our resources.
Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health, 1995
Diseño y realización de proyectos de investigación sobre sistemas de salud. Parte 2, Análisis de ... more Diseño y realización de proyectos de investigación sobre sistemas de salud. Parte 2, Análisis de datos y redacción de informes. Ottawa, ON, CIID, 1995. xxi + 167 p.: il.
Version anglaise dans la bibliotheque: Designing and conducting health systems research projects ... more Version anglaise dans la bibliotheque: Designing and conducting health systems research projects : part 2, data analysis and report writing
Data analysis and report writing , Data analysis and report writing , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور... more Data analysis and report writing , Data analysis and report writing , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les syst... more Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les systemes de sante : deuxieme partie, analyse de donnees et redaction de rapports
Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les syst... more Library has French version: Elaboration et mise en oeuvre de programmes de recherche sur les systemes de sante : premiere partie, formulation et mise a l'essai d'une proposition
Library has French version: Strategies permettant d'interesser les universites et les institu... more Library has French version: Strategies permettant d'interesser les universites et les instituts de recherche a la recherche sur les systemes de sante