Ivor Jankovic | Institute for anthropological research, Zagreb (original) (raw)

Books by Ivor Jankovic

Vindija Cave. A late Neandertal Site in Northern Croatia., 2024

Monograph on Neandertal remains and Pleistocene cultural and faunal sequence from the Vindija Cav... more Monograph on Neandertal remains and Pleistocene cultural and faunal sequence from the Vindija Cave, Croatia

Čeljust, zubi, lice dentalna i kraniofacijalna antropologija, 2019

U poglavlju su prikazane najvažnije značajke zuba i čeljusti fosilne građe plemena hominini. Spoz... more U poglavlju su prikazane najvažnije značajke zuba i čeljusti fosilne građe plemena hominini. Spoznaje slije-de iz analiza provedenih metodama koje smo opisali u prethodnom poglavlju. Dentalni nalazi iz više su razloga imali važnu ulogu u proučavanju evolucije čovjeka i njegovih evolucijskih predaka i rođaka (pleme hominini). U paleoantropološ-koj struci pleme hominini uglavnom određujemo na te-melju apomorfnih odlika vezanih uz promjenu načina kretanja, najčešće u postkranijalnim dijelovima kostura I. Jedina dentalna odlika koja se nekad koristi za utvrđi-vanje taksonomskog statusa fosila je prisutnost, odno-sno odsustvo, posebnog oblika i veličine očnjaka i pret-kutnjaka. Većina morfoloških promjena u dentalnom kompleksu od pleziomorfnog stanja ka apomorfnom stanju II vidljivom kod kasnih hominina nije vidljiva kod najranijih pripadnika plemena hominini, no moguće je ustanoviti određene evolucijske promjene i trendove u čeljustima i zubima hominina od kasnog miocena do kraja pleistocena. Prije nego što opišemo fosilnu građu hominina, bit-no je opisati najznačajnije razlike u morfologiji čeljusti i zuba afričkih čovjekolikih majmuna i ljudi. Najočitija razlika vidljiva je u obliku dentalnog luka koji je kod lju-di kraći i uži (posebice na prednjem dijelu) te parabolič-nog oblika, dok je kod čovjekolikih majmuna dentalni luk oblika slova U (Slika 7.4.1). I pojava dvonožnog kretanja, vidi npr. Janković i Karavanić 2009; Janković 2015 i tamo citiranu literaturu. II Pleziomorfno stanje-evolucijski starije; apomorfno stanje-evolucijski mlađe Značajne morfološke razlike vidljive su u morfologiji očnjaka i donjih pretkutnjaka. Ljudski očnjaci relativno su mali i malo prelaze okluzalnu površinu ostalih zuba. Očnjaci čovjekolikih majmuna i većine majmuna Starog svijeta velikih su dimenzija i njihov vrh znatno prelazi okluzalnu površinu ostalih zuba. Kako bi bilo moguće zatvoriti čeljusti i dovesti ostale zube u okluziju, u če-ljustima čovjekolikih majmuna nalazimo dijastemu III-prostor između lateralnog sjekutića i očnjaka u gornjoj čeljusti te očnjaka i prvog pretkutnjaka (P 3) u donjoj če-III tzv. primatna ili antropoidna dijastema

Čeljust, zubi, lice: dentalna i kraniofacijalna antropologija, 2019

U poglavlju je prikazan značaj raznih vrsta istraži-vanja koje je moguće provesti na dentalnim os... more U poglavlju je prikazan značaj raznih vrsta istraži-vanja koje je moguće provesti na dentalnim ostatcima s naglaskom na spoznaje o evoluciji čovjeka (koje su to važnije vrste analiza i što uopće možemo saznati i propi-tivati na nalazima zuba, od rasta i razvoja i određivanja starosti do prehrane, mobilnosti i dr.) Dentalni ostatci jako su važni u proučavanju mno-gih aspekata ljudske evolucije: promjena, adaptacija ra-sta i razvoja samo su neke od njih. Nadalje, budući da su zubi sastavljeni od cakline i dentina koji su mnogo čvršći i otporniji i uglavnom bolje prkose zubu vremena nego ostali dijelovi ljudskog kostura, zubi su samim time mnogo bolje brojčano zastupljeni u fosilnoj građi. Velik dio naših predaka i rođaka, posebice u samom početku razvojne linije primata, poznajemo isključivo iz dental-nih nalaza te su zaključci koje znanstvenici pokušavaju izvesti (poput taksonomskih odrednica, fi logenije, pre-hrane i dr.) temeljeni isključivo na analizama zuba (ili kako je to često slučaj u paleontologiji i paleoantropo-logiji, dijelovima zuba). Novija tehnološka dostignuća i razvoj različitih metoda i uređaja imali su velik odjek na polju dentalne antropologije. Danas je moguće pro-učavati mnoge detalje u koje prijašnje generacije antro-pologa i paleontologa nisu imale uvid. Primjerice, po-moću kompjutorske tomografi je (posebice micro CT) ili sinkrotrona moguće je dobiti vrlo detaljan uvid u unutrašnju strukturu zuba u vrlo visokoj rezoluciji, što omogućava uvid u mnoge aspekte anatomije i anatom-skih detalja, funkcije, rasta i razvoja i dr. Stoga će ovo poglavlje biti posvećeno pregledu nekih važnijih meto-da i tehnika istraživanja koje su tijekom dugog razvoj-nog puta paleoantropološke znanosti postale (ili postaju) standardi i kojima stječemo nova znanja ili novi uvid u brojna pitanja vezana uz evoluciju čovjeka. Zubi: kratak uvod u terminologiju, građu i funkciju Razlog zbog kojeg su dentalni nalazi relativno če-sti (pogotovo u odnosu na nalaze kostiju) građa je zuba. Zubi su građeni od dentina, materijala mnogo čvršćeg i otpornijeg od kostiju, koji je na dijelu koji se nalazi izvan čeljusti i zubnog mesa ojačan vanjskim slojem koji zo-vemo zubnom caklinom. Zubna caklina najtvrđi je dio zuba i općenito ljudskog tijela jer je otprilike 97 % sa-stavljena od mineralne tvari. U unutrašnjosti zuba nalazi se zubna šupljina koju ispunjava pulpa (sastavljena od vezivnog tkiva). Evolucijska je povijest zuba zanimljiva jer su se zubi razvili iz ribljih krljušti. Neki organizmi (poput morskih pasa, ali i nekih sisavaca) problem troše-nja zuba riješili su tako da im se zubi za života konstan-tno obnavljaju (stari ispadaju, a novi rastu), odnosno da konstantno rastu (tako da trošenje grizne površine ne rezultira propadanjem i gubljenjem funkcije zuba). Ljudi nažalost za života zube obnavljaju samo jedanput, te razikujemo tzv. mliječne (20) i trajne zube (32). Kada jednom odrasla osoba izgubi trajne zube, jedina je mo-gućnost obnove posjet stomatologu. No, ova nesretna okolnost za paleoantropologe, bioarheologe, forenzičare te sve one koji na temelju dentalnih nalaza pokušavaju rekonstruirati različite aspekte biologije, evolucije, na-čina života, dobi u trenutku smrti i dr. pruža velik i vri-jedan izvor podataka. Stoga je za razumijevanje samih analiza potrebno savladati osnove terminologije koja se odnosi na dentalne nalaze. Čovjek je zadržao pleziomorfno stanje (odnosno od-like stanja koje je rezultat nasljeđa od zadnjeg zajednič-kog pretka) koje se odlikuje u tome da ima četiri vrste zuba: sjekutiće, očnjake, pretkutnjake i kutnjake, odno-sno sjekutiće, očnjake i kutnjake kod mliječnih zuba. To nam omogućava ishranu raznolikom prehranom i time Evolucija zuba i čeljusti

Papers by Ivor Jankovic

Rad donosi rezultate arheoloških istraživanja provedenih tijekom 2014. i 2015. godine na četiri l... more Rad donosi rezultate arheoloških istraživanja provedenih tijekom 2014. i 2015. godine na četiri lokaliteta na području Limskog kanala u Istri. Istraživanja su dio projekta Hrvatske zaklade za znanost “Arheološka istraživanja kasnog pleistocena i ranog holocena na prostoru Limskog kanala” (ARCHAEOLIM). Terenski rad proveden je na četiri lokaliteta: Romualdovoj pećini, Abri Kontija 002, Pećini kod Rovinjskog Sela i Lim 001. Nadalje, tijekom 2015. godine proveden je i podvodni terenski pregled dijela Limskog kanala te geoarheološka uzorkovanja i geofizička mjerenja.This paper presents the results of archaeological investigation conducted in the course of 2014 and 2015 at four sites in the Lim Channel area in Istria County. The investigation is part of the Croatian Science Foundation’s Archaeological Investigations into the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of the Lim Channel project (ARCHAEOLIM). The fieldwork was conducted at four locations: Romuald’s Cave, Abri Kontija 002, Pećina ...

Područje Limskog kanala odavno je privlačilo istraživače. Od kraja 19. stoljeća do danas istražen... more Područje Limskog kanala odavno je privlačilo istraživače. Od kraja 19. stoljeća do danas istraženi su brojni lokaliteti, među kojima i Romualdova pećina. Romualdova pećina se nalazi u Istri, u općini Kanfanar, na južnim obroncima Limskog kanala. Dugačka je stotinjak metara i poznata je po tome što je u njoj po tradiciji obitavao Sv. Romuald oko 1000. godine, te po tome što su u njoj otkriveni materijalni ostaci neandertalaca, iz razdoblja srednjeg paleolitika. U Romualdovoj pećini u Istri otkrivene su paleolitičke pećinske slikarije, stare preko 30.000 godina, prve takve u Hrvatskoj. Pećinske slikarije u Romualdovoj pećini zabilježene su još 2010. godine kada je Darko Komšo (Arheološki muzej Istre) u sklopu projekta CRORA (CROatian Rock Art – Hrvatsko stijensko slikarstvo) otkrio crteže izrađene crvenom bojom na zidovima pećine te pretpostavio njihovu pripadnost paleolitičkom razdoblju. Tu je pretpostavku 2017. godine potvrdio međunarodni tim u sklopu projekta BALKART. U pećini su z...

Rad donosi rezultate terenskog istraživanja u Ljubićevoj pećini kod Marčane u Istri, provedenog u... more Rad donosi rezultate terenskog istraživanja u Ljubićevoj pećini kod Marčane u Istri, provedenog u 2019. godini. Tijekom terenskog rada provedeno je lasersko skeniranje dijela lokaliteta te geofizikalna mjerenja gornje etaže pećine. Navedena mjerenja poslužit će u svrhu kvalitetnijeg planiranja budućih sustavnih arheoloških istraživanja navedenog lokaliteta.The paper presents the results of fieldwork at Ljubićeva pećina near Marčana in Istria conducted in 2019. During fieldwork, laser scanning of a part of the site, as well as geophysical work in the upper part of the cave, was conducted. This work will provide a better basis for the planning of future systematic archaeological excavations of the site

Annales Instituti Archaeologici, Dec 22, 2020

U sklopu projekta „Arheoloska istraživanja kasnog pleistocena i ranog holocena na prostoru Limsko... more U sklopu projekta „Arheoloska istraživanja kasnog pleistocena i ranog holocena na prostoru Limskog kanala – ARHEOLIM”, koji je financirala Hrvatska zaklada za znanost (projekt br. 7789), arheoloska iskopavanja provedena su na nekoliko važnih pecinskih lokaliteta od kojih je jedan Romualdova pecina. Lokalitet je bio predmetom istraživanja znanstvenika od pocetka 20. st. zbog svoga istraživackog potencijala. Arheoloski su slojevi Romualdove pecine sadržavali materijal iz broncanog i željeznog doba. Iako su određeni podaci o materijalu prikazani u nekoliko ranijih radova, do sada je izostala detaljna objava. Ovaj rad donosi pregled keramickog materijala iskopanog pri istraživanju u Romualdovoj pecini 2014. godine.

As a part of the project „Archaeological Investigations into the Late Pleistocene and Early Holoc... more As a part of the project „Archaeological Investigations into the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of the Lim Channel, Istria (ARCHAEOLIM)“ financed by the Croatian Science foundation (Grant no. 7789), archaeological excavations have been undertaken on four sites Two yielded material from the Paleolithic. At Romualdo's Cave previous researchers found traces of the Upper Paleolithic industry and two human teeth, and later several artefacts that could be assigned to Mousterian industry. Our work resulted in discovery of faunal remains and lithic finds from Upper Pleistocene. While the Upper Paleolithic finds were rare (only a few lithic finds can be securely assigned to this period) there is evidence of human occupation of the site during the Middle Paleolithic. At Abri Kontija 002 archaeological work resulted in a very rich, and what seems to be either frequent or continuous human presence during the Upper Paleolithic. All excavated layers are very rich in faunal remains, lithi...

This paper presents results from lithic, pottery, zooarchaeological, osteological, petrological a... more This paper presents results from lithic, pottery, zooarchaeological, osteological, petrological and geoarchaeological analyses from the early Neolithic, Mesolithic and late Upper Paleolithic levels of Zemunica Cave in Croatia. The site provides valuable information about the aforementioned periods in Dalmatia and original evidence supporting newly proposed models of the spread of Neolithisation in this area.

Journal of World Prehistory, 2020

Vindija Cave. A late Neandertal Site in Northern Croatia., 2024

Čeljust, zubi, lice dentalna i kraniofacijalna antropologija, 2019

Čeljust, zubi, lice: dentalna i kraniofacijalna antropologija, 2019

Annales Instituti Archaeologici, Dec 22, 2020

Journal of World Prehistory, 2020

PLOS ONE, 2021

Paleogenomic and bioanthropological studies of ancient massacres have highlighted sites where the... more Paleogenomic and bioanthropological studies of ancient massacres have highlighted sites where the victims were male and plausibly died all in battle, or were executed members of the same family as might be expected from a killing intentionally directed at subsets of a community, or where the massacred individuals were plausibly members of a migrant community in conflict with previously established groups, or where there was evidence that the killing was part of a religious ritual. Here we provide evidence of killing on a massive scale in prehistory that was not directed to a specific family, based on genome-wide ancient DNA for 38 of the 41 documented victims of a 6,200 year old massacre in Potočani, Croatia and combining our results with bioanthropological data. We highlight three results: (i) the majority of individuals were unrelated and instead were a sample of what was clearly a large farming population, (ii) the ancestry of the individuals was homogenous which makes it unlikel...

European Radiology Experimental, 2020

In limestone caves, environmental processes often cause alterations of human or animal skeletal r... more In limestone caves, environmental processes often cause alterations of human or animal skeletal remains, complicating classical analytical methods. Exemplary, a proximal femoral skeletal fragment, enclosed by a thick layer of speleothemic calcite deposits, was discovered during the exploration of the Bedara cave in Žumberak, Croatia. An examination without removal of the surrounding mineral deposits, possibly leading to damage of the specimen, was, therefore, desirable.We describe and discuss the applied techniques, including clinical computed tomography, virtual cleaning by a specially developed segmentation protocol using an open-source DICOM viewer, and virtual visualisation and dimensioning using computer-aided design software, so that this “hidden” specimen could be non-invasively examined in great detail. We also report on the circumstances and origin of the find, the results of radiocarbon dating, and its anatomical and taxonomic identification, according to which, the bone f...

International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2020

Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu, 2019

Rad predstavlja preliminarne rezultate bioarheološke analize provedene na koštanim ostacima 46 os... more Rad predstavlja preliminarne rezultate bioarheološke analize provedene na koštanim ostacima 46 osoba pronađenih u kasnoavarskoj nekropoli u Šarengradu u istočnoj Hrvatskoj. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da populaciju iz Šarengrada karakterizira visoka smrtnost djece prouzročena lošim zdravljem u ranome djetinjstvu što se očituje u visokim učestalostima pokazatelja subadultnoga stresa (cribra orbitalia i linearna hipoplazija zubne cakline) i periostitisa kao i slučajevima skorbuta. Paleodontološka analiza snažno ukazuje kako je veliki udio prehrane bio baziran na ugljikohidratima, tj. na poljodjelstvu kao glavnoj privrednoj grani. Odsustvo perimortalnih ozljeda snažno ukazuje na činjenicu da su članovi ove zajednice bili izloženi niskim stopama namjernoga nasilja te da su primarni uzroci uočenih ozljeda nesretni slučajevi. Tri slučaja maksilarnoga sinusitisa mogu se povezati s postupkom grijanja/kuhanja (peći i otvorena vatrišta) gdje je produljeno izlaganje dimu moglo dovesti do različ...

Archaeological Prospection, 2019

Antiquity, 2017

As a part of the multidisciplinary project entitled ‘Archaeological Investigations into the Late ... more As a part of the multidisciplinary project entitled ‘Archaeological Investigations into the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of the Lim Channel, Istria’, archaeological research has been conducted at four sites: Romuald's Cave, Abri Kontija 002, Pećina at Rovinjsko Selo and Lim 001 (Figure 1). There is much debate on issues related to biological and behavioural continuity, to patterns of changes and adaptations during this crucial period, and to external factors (e.g. changes in ecology and climate). For example, a clearer insight is needed into how climatic change affects the ecology of specific regions, including changing sea levels. Additionally, there continues to be debate centring on who produced the earliest (Initial) Upper Palaeolithic industries in Europe. To achieve a more precise insight into long-term diachronic changes and cultural relations around the Adriatic, and to document the presence of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic humans in Istria, we concentrated on a s...

Farming was first introduced to southeastern Europe in the mid-7thmillennium BCE – brought by mig... more Farming was first introduced to southeastern Europe in the mid-7thmillennium BCE – brought by migrants from Anatolia who settled in the region before spreading throughout Europe. To clarify the dynamics of the interaction between the first farmers and indigenous hunter-gatherers where they first met, we analyze genome-wide ancient DNA data from 223 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12,000 and 500 BCE. We document previously uncharacterized genetic structure, showing a West-East cline of ancestry in hunter-gatherers, and show that some Aegean farmers had ancestry from a different lineage than the northwestern Anatolian lineage that formed the overwhelming ancestry of other European farmers. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe passed through southeastern Europe with limited admixture with local hunter-gatherers, but that some groups mixed extensively, with relatively sex-balanced admixture compared to the male-biased...

Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht uber die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur, Jan 30, 2017

During archaeological rescue excavations carried out in 2007 at Potočani in continental Croatia, ... more During archaeological rescue excavations carried out in 2007 at Potočani in continental Croatia, a pit containing numerous human skeletal remains (MNI = 41) was discovered. The remains were mostly articulated but also commingled and showed no clear pattern of organization. There were no associated artifacts, just a few pottery fragments probably belonging to the Copper Age Lasinja Culture (c. 4300 to 3950 BCE). Anthropological analyses suggest the presence of individuals of all ages and both sexes with many crania exhibiting various perimortem injuries. Three human bone samples from different layers were dated to around 4100 cal BCE by radiocarbon analysis. These radiocarbon dates combined with other aspects of archaeological context, indicate that the deposition was a single episode rather than a long-term accumulation. All this suggests a single violent encounter (massacre). Here we present results of the bioarchaeological analysis of four adult crania with clear signs of perimort...

Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia, 2016

In this chapter, we discuss Croatian sites that have yielded human skeletal remains from the Plei... more In this chapter, we discuss Croatian sites that have yielded human skeletal remains from the Pleistocene. These include the well-known Neandertal localities Husnjakovo (at Krapina) and Vindija cave, as well as the Late Upper Paleolithic hominin fossil site Sandalja II cave in Istria. The Krapina site played an important role in the historical development of paleoanthropology and is still the Neandertal site with the largest known minimum number of skeletal individuals to date. Finds from Vindija cave belong to one of the latest Neandertal groups in Europe and provide data for the study of both their behavioral, as well as biological characteristics (including genomics studies). The Sandalja II cave in Istria is the only site in Croatia with direct association of human skeletal finds and the late Paleolithic, an Epigravettian industry, providing us with data on the anatomy and behavior of the Late Paleolithic inhabitants of this region.

Quaternary International, 2017

Abstract The Assimilation Model (AM) was developed to explain the presence of evidence for small,... more Abstract The Assimilation Model (AM) was developed to explain the presence of evidence for small, but not insignificant, anatomical contributions of Eurasian archaic humans (including Neandertals) to modern Eurasians within a framework of the documented African origin of the majority of modern Eurasian ancestry. The AM was based entirely on morphological evidence for introgression in Eurasia and was initially not well supported by genetic studies, including ancient DNA. However, beginning with the publication of the first Neandertal draft genome in 2010, genomic data have consistently demonstrated low levels of archaic human gene flow into modern Eurasian populations and recently have shown modern gene flow into a Siberian Neandertal. Current data also indicate the complexity of archaic–modern human population dynamics during the late Pleistocene, another tenet of the AM. We conclude that the AM is strongly supported by current genetic and genomic data, as well as morphological evidence that has been documented elsewhere.

The last excavations at Vindija Cave (Croatia) ended more than twenty-five years ago. Nevertheles... more The last excavations at Vindija Cave (Croatia) ended more than twenty-five years ago. Nevertheless, the archeological, paleontological and ecological evidence from this site continues to shed new light on the Neandertal-modern human transition. Since the last publication of new Neandertal remains from Vindija in 2004, there have been developments regarding the chronology and stratigraphy that have called into question earlier interpretations of the archaeology and biology of the Vindija hominins. On the other hand, recent paleogenomic and anatomical analyses of the Vindija remains seemingly confirm some of these earlier interpretations. In this paper, we examine the current state of the chronological, archaeological and biological evidence from Vindija. Although some interpretations must be tempered based on the available data, the Vindija evidence still supports some fundamental hypotheses about the biocultural dynamics of the Neandertal-modern human transition in south-central Europe. Finally, we report on recent efforts to test these hypotheses using new data from other Croatian Middle and Upper Paleolithic sites.