Ülle Püttsepp - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ülle Püttsepp
... Needle chemistry in young Norway spruce stands after application of crushed woodash. Plant an... more ... Needle chemistry in young Norway spruce stands after application of crushed woodash. Plant and Soil 238, 159-174. Arvidsson H., Lundkvist H. 2003. Effects of crushedwood ash on soil chemistry in young Norway spruce stands. ...
Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 2011
During two measurement campaigns, from August to September 2008 and 2009, we quantified the major... more During two measurement campaigns, from August to September 2008 and 2009, we quantified the major ecosystem fluxes in a hemiboreal forest ecosystem in Järvselja, Estonia. The main aim of this study was to separate the ecosystem flux components and gain insight into the performance of a multi-species multilayered tree stand. Carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes were measured using the eddy covariance method above and below the canopy in conjunction with the microclimate. Leaf and soil contributions were quantified separately by cuvette and chamber measurements, including fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and biogenic volatile organic compounds (isoprene and monoterpenes). The latter have been as well characterized for monoterpenes in detail. Based on measured atmospheric trace gas concentrations, the flux tower site can be characterized as remote and rural with low anthropogenic disturbances.
Canadian Journal of Botany-revue Canadienne De Botanique, 2006
We investigated an Estonian population of the orchid Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch. (Neot... more We investigated an Estonian population of the orchid Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch. (Neottieae tribe), which harbours green and achlorophyllous individuals (= albinos), to understand albino survival and compare mycorrhizal associates, development, and nutrition of the two phenotypes. Albinos never changed phenotype over 14 years and had development similar to green individuals; their chlorophyll content was reduced by 99.4%, making them heterotrophic. Molecular typing by polymerase chain reaction amplification of fungal intergenic transcribed spacer and microscopic analyses showed that Thelephoraceae (Basidiomycetes, usually forming ectomycorrhizae with trees) were mycorrhizal on both phenotypes. Molecular typing also demonstrated that additional fungi were present on roots, including many endophytes (such as Helotiales) and various ectomycorrhizal taxa, whose role and pattern of colonization remained unclear. Mycorrhizal colonization was increased in albinos by about twofold, but no obvious difference in fungal partners compared with green individuals was demonstrated. Analysis of stable isotope composition (N and C) showed that albinos were dependent on their fungi for carbon (mycoheterotrophy), while green individuals recovered 33% of their carbon from fungi (mixotrophy). Surrounding trees, which formed ectomycorrhizae with at least one Thelephoraceae found in orchids, were likely the ultimate carbon source. These data are discussed in the framework of evolution of mycoheterotrophy in orchids, especially in Neottieae.
Plant Biology, 2009
Several green orchids of the Neottieae tribe acquire organic carbon both from their mycorrhizal f... more Several green orchids of the Neottieae tribe acquire organic carbon both from their mycorrhizal fungi and from photosynthesis. This strategy may represent an intermediate evolutionary step towards mycoheterotrophy of some non-photosynthetic (albino) orchids. Mixed populations of green and albino individuals possibly represent a transient evolutionary stage offering opportunities to understand the evolution of mycoheterotrophy. In order to understand the emergence of albinos, we investigated patterns of spatial and genetic relationships among green and albino individuals in three mixed populations of Cephalanthera damasonium and one of C. longifolia using spatial repartition and Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Two of these populations were monitored over two consecutive flowering seasons. In spatial repartition analyses, albino individuals did not aggregate more than green individuals. Genetic analyses revealed that, in all sampled populations, albino individuals did not represent a unique lineage, and that albinos were often closer related to green individuals than to other albinos from the same population. Genetic and spatial comparison of genets from the 2-year monitoring revealed that: (i) albinos had lower survival than green individuals; (ii) accordingly, albinos detected in the first year did not correspond to the those sampled in the second year; and (iii) with one possible exception, all examined albinos did not belong to any green genet from the same and/or from the previous year, and vice versa. Our results support a scenario of repeated insurgence of the albino phenotypes within the populations, but unsuccessful transition between the two contrasting phenotypes. Future studies should try to unravel the genetic and ecological basis of the two phenotypes.
2007. Decomposition of fine roots and α-cellulose in a short rotation willow (Salix spp.) plantat... more 2007. Decomposition of fine roots and α-cellulose in a short rotation willow (Salix spp.) plantation on abandoned agricultural land. Silva Fennica 41(2): 247-258.
Forest Ecology and Management, 2006
Wood ash is recommended as a compensatory fertiliser to counteract the effects of acidic depositi... more Wood ash is recommended as a compensatory fertiliser to counteract the effects of acidic deposition on forest ecosystems. Spatial distribution of biomass, necromass and morphology parameters of the fine roots (diameter classes <1, 1-2, <2 mm) of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were analysed in response to fertilisation with granulated wood ash (GWA) in a long-term field experiment in SW Sweden. GWA was applied as a single dose of 3200 kg ha À1 and the fine roots were sampled 9 years later by soil coring. Soil cores were divided into 1-cm strata within the top 0-2.5 cm humus limits, the lower humus below 2.5 cm (with varying thickness) and the mineral soil to 50 cm depth (from ground surface). Total fine-root biomass in the control (C) and GWA treatment, 256 AE 20 and 258 AE 25 g m À2 , respectively, and length 2072 AE 182 and 1800 AE 198 m m À2 , respectively, did not differ statistically from each other. Total fine-root necromass in the 1-2 mm fraction was significantly higher in C than in the GWA treatment, 130 AE 12 and 80 AE 10 g m À2 , respectively. Fine-root biomass in the <1 mm fraction was significantly greater in the lower humus in the GWA treatment, but this did not affect the total biomass in the <1 mm fraction in the whole soil profile. The biomass-to-necromass ratio (1-2 mm) was significantly higher in the GWA treatment in the 0-30 cm soil layer than in the corresponding layer of the control. Specific root length (SRL) was lower in the GWA treatment than in the control in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The lower necromass and SRL were more clearly related to the GWA treatment, whereas the difference in the vertical distribution of biomass may have been related to the thicker humus layer in the GWA plots. #
... Needle chemistry in young Norway spruce stands after application of crushed woodash. Plant an... more ... Needle chemistry in young Norway spruce stands after application of crushed woodash. Plant and Soil 238, 159-174. Arvidsson H., Lundkvist H. 2003. Effects of crushedwood ash on soil chemistry in young Norway spruce stands. ...
Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 2011
During two measurement campaigns, from August to September 2008 and 2009, we quantified the major... more During two measurement campaigns, from August to September 2008 and 2009, we quantified the major ecosystem fluxes in a hemiboreal forest ecosystem in Järvselja, Estonia. The main aim of this study was to separate the ecosystem flux components and gain insight into the performance of a multi-species multilayered tree stand. Carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes were measured using the eddy covariance method above and below the canopy in conjunction with the microclimate. Leaf and soil contributions were quantified separately by cuvette and chamber measurements, including fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and biogenic volatile organic compounds (isoprene and monoterpenes). The latter have been as well characterized for monoterpenes in detail. Based on measured atmospheric trace gas concentrations, the flux tower site can be characterized as remote and rural with low anthropogenic disturbances.
Canadian Journal of Botany-revue Canadienne De Botanique, 2006
We investigated an Estonian population of the orchid Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch. (Neot... more We investigated an Estonian population of the orchid Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch. (Neottieae tribe), which harbours green and achlorophyllous individuals (= albinos), to understand albino survival and compare mycorrhizal associates, development, and nutrition of the two phenotypes. Albinos never changed phenotype over 14 years and had development similar to green individuals; their chlorophyll content was reduced by 99.4%, making them heterotrophic. Molecular typing by polymerase chain reaction amplification of fungal intergenic transcribed spacer and microscopic analyses showed that Thelephoraceae (Basidiomycetes, usually forming ectomycorrhizae with trees) were mycorrhizal on both phenotypes. Molecular typing also demonstrated that additional fungi were present on roots, including many endophytes (such as Helotiales) and various ectomycorrhizal taxa, whose role and pattern of colonization remained unclear. Mycorrhizal colonization was increased in albinos by about twofold, but no obvious difference in fungal partners compared with green individuals was demonstrated. Analysis of stable isotope composition (N and C) showed that albinos were dependent on their fungi for carbon (mycoheterotrophy), while green individuals recovered 33% of their carbon from fungi (mixotrophy). Surrounding trees, which formed ectomycorrhizae with at least one Thelephoraceae found in orchids, were likely the ultimate carbon source. These data are discussed in the framework of evolution of mycoheterotrophy in orchids, especially in Neottieae.
Plant Biology, 2009
Several green orchids of the Neottieae tribe acquire organic carbon both from their mycorrhizal f... more Several green orchids of the Neottieae tribe acquire organic carbon both from their mycorrhizal fungi and from photosynthesis. This strategy may represent an intermediate evolutionary step towards mycoheterotrophy of some non-photosynthetic (albino) orchids. Mixed populations of green and albino individuals possibly represent a transient evolutionary stage offering opportunities to understand the evolution of mycoheterotrophy. In order to understand the emergence of albinos, we investigated patterns of spatial and genetic relationships among green and albino individuals in three mixed populations of Cephalanthera damasonium and one of C. longifolia using spatial repartition and Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Two of these populations were monitored over two consecutive flowering seasons. In spatial repartition analyses, albino individuals did not aggregate more than green individuals. Genetic analyses revealed that, in all sampled populations, albino individuals did not represent a unique lineage, and that albinos were often closer related to green individuals than to other albinos from the same population. Genetic and spatial comparison of genets from the 2-year monitoring revealed that: (i) albinos had lower survival than green individuals; (ii) accordingly, albinos detected in the first year did not correspond to the those sampled in the second year; and (iii) with one possible exception, all examined albinos did not belong to any green genet from the same and/or from the previous year, and vice versa. Our results support a scenario of repeated insurgence of the albino phenotypes within the populations, but unsuccessful transition between the two contrasting phenotypes. Future studies should try to unravel the genetic and ecological basis of the two phenotypes.
2007. Decomposition of fine roots and α-cellulose in a short rotation willow (Salix spp.) plantat... more 2007. Decomposition of fine roots and α-cellulose in a short rotation willow (Salix spp.) plantation on abandoned agricultural land. Silva Fennica 41(2): 247-258.
Forest Ecology and Management, 2006
Wood ash is recommended as a compensatory fertiliser to counteract the effects of acidic depositi... more Wood ash is recommended as a compensatory fertiliser to counteract the effects of acidic deposition on forest ecosystems. Spatial distribution of biomass, necromass and morphology parameters of the fine roots (diameter classes <1, 1-2, <2 mm) of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were analysed in response to fertilisation with granulated wood ash (GWA) in a long-term field experiment in SW Sweden. GWA was applied as a single dose of 3200 kg ha À1 and the fine roots were sampled 9 years later by soil coring. Soil cores were divided into 1-cm strata within the top 0-2.5 cm humus limits, the lower humus below 2.5 cm (with varying thickness) and the mineral soil to 50 cm depth (from ground surface). Total fine-root biomass in the control (C) and GWA treatment, 256 AE 20 and 258 AE 25 g m À2 , respectively, and length 2072 AE 182 and 1800 AE 198 m m À2 , respectively, did not differ statistically from each other. Total fine-root necromass in the 1-2 mm fraction was significantly higher in C than in the GWA treatment, 130 AE 12 and 80 AE 10 g m À2 , respectively. Fine-root biomass in the <1 mm fraction was significantly greater in the lower humus in the GWA treatment, but this did not affect the total biomass in the <1 mm fraction in the whole soil profile. The biomass-to-necromass ratio (1-2 mm) was significantly higher in the GWA treatment in the 0-30 cm soil layer than in the corresponding layer of the control. Specific root length (SRL) was lower in the GWA treatment than in the control in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The lower necromass and SRL were more clearly related to the GWA treatment, whereas the difference in the vertical distribution of biomass may have been related to the thicker humus layer in the GWA plots. #