Иван Моцный - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Иван Моцный

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2024

Introduction: Emerging new races of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks) are threatening global w... more Introduction: Emerging new races of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks) are
threatening global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Identifying additional resistance genes from all available gene pools is crucial to expanding wheat resistance to these virulent leaf rust races. Siberian wild rye (Elymus sibiricus L.) possesses numerous beneficial traits that can be valuable in wheat improvement. Three new wheat-E. sibiricus addition lines, O27-2 (BC8), O27-3 (BC12) and O193-3 (BC12),were developed through a backcrossing scheme in this study, using leaf rust field evaluations, molecular marker assays and cytogenetic analysis. Methods: These three lines were derived from progeny of the bread wheat cultivar ‘Obriy’ (2n=6x = 42, AABBDD) and partial octoploid amphiploid wheat-E.
sibiricus (2n = 8x = 56, AABBDDStSt). Results and discussion: The lines (O27-2, O27-3 and O193-3) demonstrated strong specific leaf pubescence (hairiness) and resistance at the adult stage to a local population of leaf rust races. The response to leaf rust in these three lines significantly differed from that of the Lr24 gene, providing evidence for a distinct
resistance mechanism associated with the 3St chromosome. This study is the first to report the transfer of an E. sibiricus chromosome into wheat that confers leaf rust resistance. Molecular marker analysis and genomic in situ hybridization confirmed that lines O27-2, O27-3 and O193-3 each possess one pair of E. sibiricus 3St chromosomes. The resistance gene was determined to be on the additional alien chromosome in these lines. Molecular markers (Xwmc221, Lr29F18, Sr24/Lr24) confirmed that the lines O27-2, O27-3, and O193-3 each contain a pair of E. sibiricus 3St chromosomes carrying leaf rust resistance genes. These findings demonstrate that the E. sibiricus 3St chromosome carries the leaf rust resistance gene and that the O27-2, O27-3, and O193-3 lines can serve as novel germplasm sources for introducing this resistance into wheat breeding programs. This study contributes to broadening the genetic diversity of resistance genes available for combating leaf rust in wheat.

The Open Agriculture Journal, 2022

Background: Global climate change facilitates the spread of diseases of the winter bread wheat (T... more Background: Global climate change facilitates the spread of diseases of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and increases the yield losses caused by a combination of these diseases and drought. Prevention of the yield losses depends on the identification of the resistance genes and the introduction of these genes into commercial cultivars.

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2021

Rht-B1 is one of the most important genes responsible for the height of bread winter wheat (Triti... more Rht-B1 is one of the most important genes responsible for the height of bread winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Studies of dwarfing genes are crucial for both improving genetic potential of the bread wheat cultivar and developing new effective breeding strategies in conditions of insufficient moisture. In this study, tall isogenic lines containing wild type Rht-B1a allele (Odes'ka 267 and Odes'ka 51) and short ones containing Rht-B1b (Odes'ka 267 b) and Rht-B1e (Odes'ka 51 e) alleles was analysed. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate direct and pleiotropic effects of these alleles on main agronomic traits of winter wheat in the south steppe region of Ukraine. Methods used are allele-specific PCR, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), structural analysis of main agronomic traits and statistical data processing. Effects of Rht-B1b and Rht-B1e alleles on important agronomic characteristics of winter wheat were evaluated and were found differences in their influence on such traits: plant height, thousand kernel weight, total protein content, absolute protein content of thousand kernels. Rht-B1e reduces plant height more dramatically than Rht-B1b: decrease in plant height was 40.0% and 17.6%, respectively. The negative effects of Rht-B1e are decline in number of fertile spikelets, number and weight of kernels in the main ear, thousand kernel weight, whereas in plants with Rht-B1b these traits were increased, compared to the Rht-B1a allele plants. Main spike density was decreased by both alleles, but for Rht-B1e the drop was bigger. Rht-B1e more essentially increased productive tillering than Rht-B1b. In drought conditions plants with Rht-B1e allele showed less productivity than those containing Rht-B1b compared to respective recurrent wild type allele lines.

ДИСКРИМІНАЦІЯ ЗА КІЛЬКІСНИМИ ОЗНАКАМИ КОРОТКОСТЕБЛОВИХ АНАЛОГІВ М’ЯКОЇ ПШЕНИЦІ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД СТУПЕНЯ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ГЕНОФОНУ РЕКУРЕНТНОГО СОРТУ

In order to use certain Rht -genes in wheat selection detailed study of their pleiotropic effects... more In order to use certain Rht -genes in wheat selection detailed study of their pleiotropic effects on established complexes of agronomic traits in different conditions of the environment is required. Nearly isogenic lines can serve as one of the best objects for such research. In order to create isogenic lines crossing of dwarfing analogues with respective recurrent varieties was performed and homozygotisation of genotypes was carried out. The aim of the work was to estimate by complex of quantitative traits the degree of recovery of the genetic background of recurrent forms in dwarfing analogues of tall wheat varieties, which have different alleles of dwarfism genes Rht 8 , Rht - B 1 , Rht - D 1 and gene of sensitivity of photoperiod Ppd - D 1 depending on combination of crossing and the number of saturations, to determine descriptiveness of separate traits of the said complex for discrimination of lines and expediency of further becrossing. As the research methods structural analys...

Cytology and Genetics, 2018

On the basis of the winter bread wheat cultivar Obryi, two independent disomic addition lines BC ... more On the basis of the winter bread wheat cultivar Obryi, two independent disomic addition lines BC 12 F ∞ with the chromosome of the E. sibiricus S t genome are created. A practical algorithm for determining the probabilities of transmission of the odd chromosome separately through male and female gametes in selfpollination of hemizygous hybrids from the equation p 2-(1 + f 1-f 4) × p + f 1 = 0 is proposed, where p is the probability of the formation of viable gametes with the considered chromosome and f 1 and f 4 are the empirical frequencies of the corresponding homozygotes with and without the trait. The probability of transmission of an alien univalent chromosome through pollen (p ♂) is associated with the frequency of its transmission through the egg cell (p ♀) in backcrosses and in self-pollination (1-f 4) by the equation p ♂ = 1-f 4 /(1-p ♀). The calculated empirically dependent estimates of the probabilities of transmission of the added chromosome through the egg cell p ♀ = 18.7% and through pollen p ♂ = 4.3% correspond to the empirical frequencies obtained for backcrosses. The coefficients of the gamete selection V ♀ = 0.748 and V ♂ = 0.172 are calculated, and the expected segregation for the alien trait controlled by a dominant gene located in the added chromosome is determined-with the trait : without the trait is 0.222 : 0.778 in F 2 ; 0.187 : 0.813 in equational and 0.043 : 0.957 in certational backcrosses.

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv, 2019

Aim. The variation of protein content and its relationship to agronomic traits of introgression w... more Aim. The variation of protein content and its relationship to agronomic traits of introgression wheat lines were studied to determine the differentiating ability of environment, a value of breeding traits from new sources and the relevancy of assessment methods. Methods. Growing plants under different conditions was combined with the laboratory methods for determining quality. Results. An average protein content of the lines (9.7–15.5 %) was higher in the wide-row crop and in drouth years, and the range of variation was wider in dry years in the wide-row crop, but in favorable years in the solid crop. A stable positive correlation of protein content with gluten content (0.87–0.96) and sedimentation value (0.58–0.90), and the negative correlation with yield was established. Conclusions. The parameters of plant resistance to diseases and harsh agricultural backgrounds, the determination of protein content by several methods and the differentiating ability of the environments with opti...

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2022

A combination of fungal diseases and drought can cause significant yield losses of winter wheat (... more A combination of fungal diseases and drought can cause significant yield losses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It is known that alien traits introduced through wide hybridisation contribute to breeding of cultivars with a higher yield potential in arid environments. In this study, the impact of alien genes on the main agronomic traits in the arid environments of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine was analysed. The lines were grown under the arid conditions in 5 and 10 m 2 plots in the 2019-2021 growing seasons. Eight agronomic and six plant pathological traits were assessed and subjected to statistical analysis to comprehend the diversity and connections between the features. Due to the successful introgression of alien genes from all sources involved in hybridisation, most of lines were resistant to one of the rust species. The lines derived from the genotype containing the translocation 1BL.1RS in the karyotype and Triticum timopheevii in the pedigree were resistant to all rust species. There was a negative correlation between the protein content and grain yield in 2020 (r = −0.40***), and a weak positive correlation was found between the grain yield and resistance to yellow rust (R sp = 0.19* in 2019 and R sp = 0.26*** in 2020) or tolerance to Septoria leaf blotch (R sp = 0.27***). Under drought conditions, the grain yield reduced by 32.5% in 2020 and ca. 70% in 2021. The lines containing alien genes Lr42 and Hs showed a higher grain yield than the recurrent and standard ones. For further breeding, eighteen lines with a high TKW, protein content, and grain yield, and resistance to drought or disease were identified, and four promising drought-tolerant lines have been selected.

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2024

Introduction: Emerging new races of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks) are threatening global w... more Introduction: Emerging new races of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks) are
threatening global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Identifying additional resistance genes from all available gene pools is crucial to expanding wheat resistance to these virulent leaf rust races. Siberian wild rye (Elymus sibiricus L.) possesses numerous beneficial traits that can be valuable in wheat improvement. Three new wheat-E. sibiricus addition lines, O27-2 (BC8), O27-3 (BC12) and O193-3 (BC12),were developed through a backcrossing scheme in this study, using leaf rust field evaluations, molecular marker assays and cytogenetic analysis. Methods: These three lines were derived from progeny of the bread wheat cultivar ‘Obriy’ (2n=6x = 42, AABBDD) and partial octoploid amphiploid wheat-E.
sibiricus (2n = 8x = 56, AABBDDStSt). Results and discussion: The lines (O27-2, O27-3 and O193-3) demonstrated strong specific leaf pubescence (hairiness) and resistance at the adult stage to a local population of leaf rust races. The response to leaf rust in these three lines significantly differed from that of the Lr24 gene, providing evidence for a distinct
resistance mechanism associated with the 3St chromosome. This study is the first to report the transfer of an E. sibiricus chromosome into wheat that confers leaf rust resistance. Molecular marker analysis and genomic in situ hybridization confirmed that lines O27-2, O27-3 and O193-3 each possess one pair of E. sibiricus 3St chromosomes. The resistance gene was determined to be on the additional alien chromosome in these lines. Molecular markers (Xwmc221, Lr29F18, Sr24/Lr24) confirmed that the lines O27-2, O27-3, and O193-3 each contain a pair of E. sibiricus 3St chromosomes carrying leaf rust resistance genes. These findings demonstrate that the E. sibiricus 3St chromosome carries the leaf rust resistance gene and that the O27-2, O27-3, and O193-3 lines can serve as novel germplasm sources for introducing this resistance into wheat breeding programs. This study contributes to broadening the genetic diversity of resistance genes available for combating leaf rust in wheat.

The Open Agriculture Journal, 2022

Background: Global climate change facilitates the spread of diseases of the winter bread wheat (T... more Background: Global climate change facilitates the spread of diseases of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and increases the yield losses caused by a combination of these diseases and drought. Prevention of the yield losses depends on the identification of the resistance genes and the introduction of these genes into commercial cultivars.

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2021

Rht-B1 is one of the most important genes responsible for the height of bread winter wheat (Triti... more Rht-B1 is one of the most important genes responsible for the height of bread winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Studies of dwarfing genes are crucial for both improving genetic potential of the bread wheat cultivar and developing new effective breeding strategies in conditions of insufficient moisture. In this study, tall isogenic lines containing wild type Rht-B1a allele (Odes'ka 267 and Odes'ka 51) and short ones containing Rht-B1b (Odes'ka 267 b) and Rht-B1e (Odes'ka 51 e) alleles was analysed. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate direct and pleiotropic effects of these alleles on main agronomic traits of winter wheat in the south steppe region of Ukraine. Methods used are allele-specific PCR, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), structural analysis of main agronomic traits and statistical data processing. Effects of Rht-B1b and Rht-B1e alleles on important agronomic characteristics of winter wheat were evaluated and were found differences in their influence on such traits: plant height, thousand kernel weight, total protein content, absolute protein content of thousand kernels. Rht-B1e reduces plant height more dramatically than Rht-B1b: decrease in plant height was 40.0% and 17.6%, respectively. The negative effects of Rht-B1e are decline in number of fertile spikelets, number and weight of kernels in the main ear, thousand kernel weight, whereas in plants with Rht-B1b these traits were increased, compared to the Rht-B1a allele plants. Main spike density was decreased by both alleles, but for Rht-B1e the drop was bigger. Rht-B1e more essentially increased productive tillering than Rht-B1b. In drought conditions plants with Rht-B1e allele showed less productivity than those containing Rht-B1b compared to respective recurrent wild type allele lines.

ДИСКРИМІНАЦІЯ ЗА КІЛЬКІСНИМИ ОЗНАКАМИ КОРОТКОСТЕБЛОВИХ АНАЛОГІВ М’ЯКОЇ ПШЕНИЦІ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД СТУПЕНЯ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ГЕНОФОНУ РЕКУРЕНТНОГО СОРТУ

In order to use certain Rht -genes in wheat selection detailed study of their pleiotropic effects... more In order to use certain Rht -genes in wheat selection detailed study of their pleiotropic effects on established complexes of agronomic traits in different conditions of the environment is required. Nearly isogenic lines can serve as one of the best objects for such research. In order to create isogenic lines crossing of dwarfing analogues with respective recurrent varieties was performed and homozygotisation of genotypes was carried out. The aim of the work was to estimate by complex of quantitative traits the degree of recovery of the genetic background of recurrent forms in dwarfing analogues of tall wheat varieties, which have different alleles of dwarfism genes Rht 8 , Rht - B 1 , Rht - D 1 and gene of sensitivity of photoperiod Ppd - D 1 depending on combination of crossing and the number of saturations, to determine descriptiveness of separate traits of the said complex for discrimination of lines and expediency of further becrossing. As the research methods structural analys...

Cytology and Genetics, 2018

On the basis of the winter bread wheat cultivar Obryi, two independent disomic addition lines BC ... more On the basis of the winter bread wheat cultivar Obryi, two independent disomic addition lines BC 12 F ∞ with the chromosome of the E. sibiricus S t genome are created. A practical algorithm for determining the probabilities of transmission of the odd chromosome separately through male and female gametes in selfpollination of hemizygous hybrids from the equation p 2-(1 + f 1-f 4) × p + f 1 = 0 is proposed, where p is the probability of the formation of viable gametes with the considered chromosome and f 1 and f 4 are the empirical frequencies of the corresponding homozygotes with and without the trait. The probability of transmission of an alien univalent chromosome through pollen (p ♂) is associated with the frequency of its transmission through the egg cell (p ♀) in backcrosses and in self-pollination (1-f 4) by the equation p ♂ = 1-f 4 /(1-p ♀). The calculated empirically dependent estimates of the probabilities of transmission of the added chromosome through the egg cell p ♀ = 18.7% and through pollen p ♂ = 4.3% correspond to the empirical frequencies obtained for backcrosses. The coefficients of the gamete selection V ♀ = 0.748 and V ♂ = 0.172 are calculated, and the expected segregation for the alien trait controlled by a dominant gene located in the added chromosome is determined-with the trait : without the trait is 0.222 : 0.778 in F 2 ; 0.187 : 0.813 in equational and 0.043 : 0.957 in certational backcrosses.

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv, 2019

Aim. The variation of protein content and its relationship to agronomic traits of introgression w... more Aim. The variation of protein content and its relationship to agronomic traits of introgression wheat lines were studied to determine the differentiating ability of environment, a value of breeding traits from new sources and the relevancy of assessment methods. Methods. Growing plants under different conditions was combined with the laboratory methods for determining quality. Results. An average protein content of the lines (9.7–15.5 %) was higher in the wide-row crop and in drouth years, and the range of variation was wider in dry years in the wide-row crop, but in favorable years in the solid crop. A stable positive correlation of protein content with gluten content (0.87–0.96) and sedimentation value (0.58–0.90), and the negative correlation with yield was established. Conclusions. The parameters of plant resistance to diseases and harsh agricultural backgrounds, the determination of protein content by several methods and the differentiating ability of the environments with opti...

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2022

A combination of fungal diseases and drought can cause significant yield losses of winter wheat (... more A combination of fungal diseases and drought can cause significant yield losses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It is known that alien traits introduced through wide hybridisation contribute to breeding of cultivars with a higher yield potential in arid environments. In this study, the impact of alien genes on the main agronomic traits in the arid environments of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine was analysed. The lines were grown under the arid conditions in 5 and 10 m 2 plots in the 2019-2021 growing seasons. Eight agronomic and six plant pathological traits were assessed and subjected to statistical analysis to comprehend the diversity and connections between the features. Due to the successful introgression of alien genes from all sources involved in hybridisation, most of lines were resistant to one of the rust species. The lines derived from the genotype containing the translocation 1BL.1RS in the karyotype and Triticum timopheevii in the pedigree were resistant to all rust species. There was a negative correlation between the protein content and grain yield in 2020 (r = −0.40***), and a weak positive correlation was found between the grain yield and resistance to yellow rust (R sp = 0.19* in 2019 and R sp = 0.26*** in 2020) or tolerance to Septoria leaf blotch (R sp = 0.27***). Under drought conditions, the grain yield reduced by 32.5% in 2020 and ca. 70% in 2021. The lines containing alien genes Lr42 and Hs showed a higher grain yield than the recurrent and standard ones. For further breeding, eighteen lines with a high TKW, protein content, and grain yield, and resistance to drought or disease were identified, and four promising drought-tolerant lines have been selected.