Андрей Якимов - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Андрей Якимов
Morphology
BACKGROUND: Anatomical investigations of atrial blood vessels are limited. Knowledge of the anato... more BACKGROUND: Anatomical investigations of atrial blood vessels are limited. Knowledge of the anatomical variants of the sinoatrial node artery is important to enhance cardiac surgery and elucidate the pathogenesis of supraventricular arrhythmias. AIM: To explore and clarify the number, variants, location, and course of sinoatrial node arteries in the heart of middle-aged and older individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 62 formalin-fixed hearts of humans who died from noncardiac causes, the sinoatrial node arteries were dissected and measured using an electronic caliper. Histologically, the location of the artery into the sinoatrial node was clarified through hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. RESULTS: The number of sinoatrial node arteries varied from 1 (86.6%) to 3 (1.7%). Commonly, sinoatrial node arteries arose from the right coronary artery (66.7%) between the aortic root and right atrial appendage or from the proximal part of the left circumflex artery (28.3%)....
Kazan medical journal, 2021
Aim. To establish structural features and adjacent anatomy of myocardial loops in the adult and e... more Aim. To establish structural features and adjacent anatomy of myocardial loops in the adult and elderly human hearts. Methods. We studied 100 hearts obtained from adult and elderly people who died from non-cardiac causes. We dissected subepicardial blood vessels and their intramural segments on 60 formalin-fixed hearts. The rate of the cone artery directly originating in the aorta (third coronary artery) was recorded. The number of myocardial loops, their localization and length were determined. We made histological sections from 40 heart specimens from areas of the coronary groove containing myocardial loops. The shortest distances from the coronary sinus and myocardium of the left atrium to the artery, the thickness of the loops, the cross-sectional area of the artery and perivascular space and the ratio of these parameters were measured. The statistical significance of differences was assessed by using the MannWhitney U-test. The relationship between the two qualitative features ...
Сибирский научный медицинский журнал
Knowledge in interrelations between gross anatomy of the left atrial appendage (LAA) and thicknes... more Knowledge in interrelations between gross anatomy of the left atrial appendage (LAA) and thickness of the walls of LAA and periauricular area enables decreasing operational risks in LAA ostium occluding and «Cox-Maze» surgery for atrial fibrillation. The aim of the study was to identify significant interrelations between the macroscopic characteristics of the LAA (size, shape, number of lobes) and the parameters of the wall thickness of the LAA and its isthmus. Material and methods. The study includes 50 heart specimens of patients died from non-cardiac diseases. We examined 60 anatomical sections from 30 hearts by means Olympus SZX2-ZB10 microscope, and histological slices from 20 hearts. Results. The layers of the LAA wall were thinner than those in the isthmus. The thickness of LAA walls did not show direct correlation with the external dimensions of LAA. We found inverse correlation (Rs = – 0.4, p < 0,05) between the thickness of the myocardium, endocardium and some external ...
Kazan medical journal, 2021
Aim. To determine the left atrial dimensions, their ratios and relationships that characterize an... more Aim. To determine the left atrial dimensions, their ratios and relationships that characterize anatomy for left atrium structure in the normal human adult using the model of the atrial end-diastolic phase. Methods. We studied 54 heart specimens of subjects aged 3588 years who died from non-cardiac causes. The atrial end-diastolic phase was modeled by filling a specimen fixed in 1% formalin with liquid silicone. After silicone hardened, we performed morphometric measurements by a caliper. The data were processed by using a cluster, correlation and variance analysis. For pairwise comparison, we used the MannWhitney U-test or a two-sided t-test. Results. The article presents mean, standard deviation, median, 25th percentile and 75th percentile and coefficients of variation for the length, width and sagittal size of the left atrium, as well as the values of the distances between the pulmonary vein orifices, which characterize the dimensions of the left atrium posterior wall. Based on th...
The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University
Introduction. The evaluation of the shape of the left atrial appendage into interconnection with ... more Introduction. The evaluation of the shape of the left atrial appendage into interconnection with the internal relief of its wall is of an importance for discovering anatomical patterns of the left atrium, which appears to be the most thrombogenic and are associated with a high thromboembolic risk from this chamber.The objective was to study features of the internal relief of the walls of the left atrial appendage of the adult heart and to find the dependence of these features on the size and shape of the appendage.Methods and material. We studied 68 left atrial silicone casts prepared from the hearts of 35–89 years men and women died from non-cardiac causes. By means a caliper, we measured the length and width of the cavity of the left atrial appendage, determined the shape, the number of lobes and intertrabecular spaces. With Image J program, we estimated the proportion of the area occupied by these spaces and pectinate muscles in pixels from photographs of the anterosuperior surfa...
Сибирский научный медицинский журнал
Знание топографии левого ушка сердца важно при операциях по поводу наджелудочковых аритмий и при ... more Знание топографии левого ушка сердца важно при операциях по поводу наджелудочковых аритмий и при герметизации устья ушка с целью профилактики тромбоэмболий при криптогенных инсультах. Цель работы-по результатам морфометрического изучения секционного материала дать характеристику типичному положению и вариантам локальной топографии левого ушка сердца взрослого человека. Материал и методы. На 54 препаратах сердца массой 200-400 г, заполненных силиконом, штангенциркулем измеряли расстояния от основания левого ушка сердца до верхушки сердца, до структур предсердного комплекса, присердечных сосудов и левой венечной артерии. Результаты и их обсуждение. Основание левого ушка сердца находилось на расстоянии 87,0 ± 13,1 мм от верхушки сердца, 49,7 ± 7,0 мм-от основания правого ушка сердца. Расстояние от левого ушка сердца до устья верхней полой вены (36,4 ± 8,1 мм) было на 16 % больше расстояния до восходящей части аорты (30,4 ± 6,4 мм), в 1,25 раза меньше расстояния до овальной ямки (45,2 ± 6,0 мм), в 1,5 раза меньше расстояния до устья нижней полой вены (55,5 ± 8,7 мм). Наименьшее медианное значение (9,6 мм) и наибольшая вариация (1,4-15,2 мм) были отмечены для расстояния до легочного ствола. Устья четырех легочных вен находились на разном расстоянии от устья ушка, ближе всего была левая верхняя легочная вена, в 59,6 % случаев она непосредственно примыкала сверху к ушку. Ее устье в 43 % случаев было выше устья ушка и в 57 %-на одном уровне с ним (р = 0,07). Левая венечная артерия находилась в 2,63-18,74 мм снизу от основания ушка. Прямые корреляционные связи выявлены для параметров предсердного комплекса. Длина желудочкового комплекса не являлась значимым предиктором для определения взаимного положения левого ушка сердца и соседних с ним структур. Заключение. Установленные значения морфометрических параметров и их взаимосвязи можно использовать как критерии нормального строения предсердного комплекса сердца. Ключевые слова: анатомия человека, морфометрия, сердце, предсердия, ушки сердца, легочные вены. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Благодарности. Авторы свидетельствуют свое глубокое почтение памяти тех людей, препараты сердца которых были использованы для этого исследования. Авторы выражают признательность коллегам-патологам за помощь в выполнении исследования.
Morphological newsletter
The aim of the study was a morphometric characteristic of the left atrial appendage of a conditio... more The aim of the study was a morphometric characteristic of the left atrial appendage of a conditionally normal adult heart with a different number of lobes of this structure. We studied 52 preparations of the heart weighing 250-400 grams of people aged 36-89 who died from causes not related to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, muscle or connective tissue. The left atrium of the heart was filled with liquid silicone with a hardener. During the silicone hardening, the preparations were suspended so that the its lower wall was raised above the table plane by 10–15º. After the silicone hardened, the overall dimensions of the heart, left atrial appendage, and its lobes were measured with a caliper. The number of lobes and edges of the atrial appendage was determined. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis of differences. It was established that in 71,1% of cases the left atrial appendages had two lobes, in 21,2% three lobes, in 7,7% it was single-lobed. The proximal lo...
Kazan medical journal
Background. Knowledge of the anatomical features of the left atrium walls will minimize complicat... more Background. Knowledge of the anatomical features of the left atrium walls will minimize complications during the Cox-Maze surgery. Aim. To clarify common features and local anatomical specificities of the anterosuperior, lateral and inferior walls of the left atrial body of the heart of an adult. Material and methods. From 60 preparations of the hearts of men and women aged 3589 years who died from non-cardiac causes, 61 histotopograms and 180 anatomical sections of the left atrium walls were made. A stereoscopic microscope (4.715 magnification), a histological microscope (40 magnification), and an image recognition program were used. Nonparametric dispersion, correlation, one-way regression analysis were applied. The significance of differences was assessed by the MannWhitney U-test. The results were presented as medians. Results. Anatomical markers of the anterosuperior wall were a compact group of transverse myocardial fibers (anterior interatrial Bachmann bundle) and a thinned s...
I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald
INTRODUCTION: The syntopy of the left atrial (LA) structures is the least studied aspect of the n... more INTRODUCTION: The syntopy of the left atrial (LA) structures is the least studied aspect of the normal heart anatomy. The morphometric data on the position of orifices of the pulmonary veins in the LA walls relative to the adjacent heart structures and heart vessels are important as reference parameters of heart morphology and are needed in the endovascular treatment of atrial fibrillations. AIM: To establish the general patterns and topospecific peculiarities of the location of the pulmonary vein orifices relative to the oval fossa and orifices of the venae cavae using morphometric methods of anatomical preparations of conventionally normal adult human heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fiftyfour wet anatomical preparations of the heart without macroscopic signs of hemodynamically significant cardiac pathology were studied. The preparations were obtained from patients aged 3589 years who died from diseases not related to heart pathology. LA diastole was modeled by filling its cavity wit...
Sibirskij naučnyj medicinskij žurnal, Jun 27, 2022
Одной из проблем при проведении исследований, посвященных изучению соединительной ткани, является... more Одной из проблем при проведении исследований, посвященных изучению соединительной ткани, является одновременное выявление эластических и коллагеновых волокон на одном препарате для определения их пространственных взаимоотношений и относительной удельной плотности. Цель исследования-оценить возможность дифференцированного окрашивания эластических и коллагеновых волокон растворами резорцин-фуксина и прочного зеленого FCF на одном препарате и сравнить информативность предлагаемого способа с информативностью классических способов окраски соединительной ткани, выполненных по стандартным протоколам. Материал и методы. Материалом служили препараты сердца людей, умерших от причин, не связанных с болезнями сердца. Для изготовления гистологических препаратов брали участок передней межжелудочковой артерии с подлежащим миокардом. После формалиновой фиксации материала, стандартной проводки и заливки в парафин изготавливали гистологические срезы. Препараты депарафинизировали, погружали в резорцин-фуксин на 15 минут, затем окрашивали железным гематоксилином Вейгерта 2 минуты, далее наносили на поверхность среза на 2 минуты 0,1%-й раствор прочного зеленого FCF, смешанный с насыщенным раствором пикриновой кислоты в соотношении 1:10 непосредственно перед окраской, препараты дегидратировали, просветляли и заключали в синтетическую монтирующую среду. Результаты. На полученных препаратах эластические волокна были окрашены в темно-синий цвет, а коллагеновые волокна-в оттенки зеленого, что позволяло дифференцировать их на основании различий окраски. Заключение. Разработан и апробирован способ окраски, который обеспечивает возможность одновременного выявления на одном препарате эластических и коллагеновых волокон при последовательном окрашивании растворами резорцин-фуксина и прочного зеленого FCF.
European Journal of Anatomy
The aim of this study was to explore the anatomy and morphometry of the coronary sinus in hearts ... more The aim of this study was to explore the anatomy and morphometry of the coronary sinus in hearts of adult humans, clarify position of the sinus to left atrium, left fibrous ring and adjacent arteries and describe topographic variants for adjacent anatomy of the coronary sinus in hearts of various types of coronary dominance. We studied 40 hearts weighing 200-420 g, obtained from patients who died from non-cardiac causes. We dissected 30 non-injected macroscopic specimens preserved into 4% PBS formalin to reveal and measure coronary sinus and neighboring coronary arteries. The rest 10 hearts we used for preparing histological slices from the points of the beginning of the sinus, in the middle, and near the “crux cordis”. We measured large and small diameters, circumference, wall thickness of the coronary sinus, as well as explored relative position of the coronary sinus, adjacent arteries, left atrium and left fibrous ring. The reference range of coronary sinus length was 33.76-48.4 ...
Морфология
Цель - выявить варианты строения и внутриорганной топографии устьев венечных артерий у взрослого ... more Цель - выявить варианты строения и внутриорганной топографии устьев венечных артерий у взрослого человека при разных типах кровоснабжения желудочкового комплекса сердца. Материал и методы. На вскрытых через некоронарные синусы аорты 65 препаратах клапанов аорты взрослых людей изучили положение устьев венечных артерий, штангенциркулем измеряли минимальный и максимальный диаметры каждого устья, определяли их форму по соотношению диаметров. Результаты. Для устьев обеих артерий типичной была округлая, реже овальная форма. В большинстве случаев левая венечная артерия начиналась в центральной трети, правая - в центральной или задней трети «своего» синуса на уровне верхнего края полулунной заслонки или между ним и синотубулярным соединением. Локализация устьев в пределах синусов, на уровне синотубулярного соединения или выше него была редкой для обеих артерий. В 20 % случаев в правом синусе аорты спереди от устья правой венечной артерии имелось устье конусной артерии. Выводы. Типичные и ре...
Summary: Interventricular septum (IS) has been studied in ordinary formed human fetal hearts (20–... more Summary: Interventricular septum (IS) has been studied in ordinary formed human fetal hearts (20–28 weeks) by means of the anatomo-metrical method. VS breadth appears to be less than its length, but is more than the breadth of the medial walls of both ventricles. The outlet length surpasses the inlet one more on the right than on the left septal side. On transversal sections the angle between IS departments is 122 — 139°. The angle degree increases from the basis to the apex of the heart. The angle between the longest axes of the right surface divisions is 38 — 42°. The length proportions of the IS departments become constant to the middle fetal period. The sinus part of the IS is square or multiangular (often four- or five-angular) and along the bloodstream. The development of the sinus part is coordinated with formation of the inlet trabecular part. The conal part is the smallest one. The conal development in the middle fetal period has not been completed yet. Size proportions of ...
Knowledge of the relevant position of right ventricular (RV) trabeculae in the fetal heart is req... more Knowledge of the relevant position of right ventricular (RV) trabeculae in the fetal heart is required to distinguished health patterns from congenital heart defects. The study was aimed to investigate the location of the trabeculae in the RV outlet portion. 101 human hearts from fetuses aged 17-28 weeks without anomalies and growth retardation were investigated with the stereomicroscope and ocular micrometer. The septomarginal trabecula (SMT) was located in the RV outlet and always was an oriented structure. The anterior branch of SMT was found in 77.8% of cases and it was always directed towards the pulmonary trunk. The posterior branch was directed towards the membranous septum. Septoparietal trabeculae (PT) connected the anterior margin of SMT with the anterior wall of RV. Several patterns of the relative PT and SMT position have been described. In 48.1% the first (closest to SMT) PT was located parallel to the anterior margin of SMT. Less frequently it entered the anterior marg...
Morphology
BACKGROUND: Anatomical investigations of atrial blood vessels are limited. Knowledge of the anato... more BACKGROUND: Anatomical investigations of atrial blood vessels are limited. Knowledge of the anatomical variants of the sinoatrial node artery is important to enhance cardiac surgery and elucidate the pathogenesis of supraventricular arrhythmias. AIM: To explore and clarify the number, variants, location, and course of sinoatrial node arteries in the heart of middle-aged and older individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 62 formalin-fixed hearts of humans who died from noncardiac causes, the sinoatrial node arteries were dissected and measured using an electronic caliper. Histologically, the location of the artery into the sinoatrial node was clarified through hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. RESULTS: The number of sinoatrial node arteries varied from 1 (86.6%) to 3 (1.7%). Commonly, sinoatrial node arteries arose from the right coronary artery (66.7%) between the aortic root and right atrial appendage or from the proximal part of the left circumflex artery (28.3%)....
Kazan medical journal, 2021
Aim. To establish structural features and adjacent anatomy of myocardial loops in the adult and e... more Aim. To establish structural features and adjacent anatomy of myocardial loops in the adult and elderly human hearts. Methods. We studied 100 hearts obtained from adult and elderly people who died from non-cardiac causes. We dissected subepicardial blood vessels and their intramural segments on 60 formalin-fixed hearts. The rate of the cone artery directly originating in the aorta (third coronary artery) was recorded. The number of myocardial loops, their localization and length were determined. We made histological sections from 40 heart specimens from areas of the coronary groove containing myocardial loops. The shortest distances from the coronary sinus and myocardium of the left atrium to the artery, the thickness of the loops, the cross-sectional area of the artery and perivascular space and the ratio of these parameters were measured. The statistical significance of differences was assessed by using the MannWhitney U-test. The relationship between the two qualitative features ...
Сибирский научный медицинский журнал
Knowledge in interrelations between gross anatomy of the left atrial appendage (LAA) and thicknes... more Knowledge in interrelations between gross anatomy of the left atrial appendage (LAA) and thickness of the walls of LAA and periauricular area enables decreasing operational risks in LAA ostium occluding and «Cox-Maze» surgery for atrial fibrillation. The aim of the study was to identify significant interrelations between the macroscopic characteristics of the LAA (size, shape, number of lobes) and the parameters of the wall thickness of the LAA and its isthmus. Material and methods. The study includes 50 heart specimens of patients died from non-cardiac diseases. We examined 60 anatomical sections from 30 hearts by means Olympus SZX2-ZB10 microscope, and histological slices from 20 hearts. Results. The layers of the LAA wall were thinner than those in the isthmus. The thickness of LAA walls did not show direct correlation with the external dimensions of LAA. We found inverse correlation (Rs = – 0.4, p < 0,05) between the thickness of the myocardium, endocardium and some external ...
Kazan medical journal, 2021
Aim. To determine the left atrial dimensions, their ratios and relationships that characterize an... more Aim. To determine the left atrial dimensions, their ratios and relationships that characterize anatomy for left atrium structure in the normal human adult using the model of the atrial end-diastolic phase. Methods. We studied 54 heart specimens of subjects aged 3588 years who died from non-cardiac causes. The atrial end-diastolic phase was modeled by filling a specimen fixed in 1% formalin with liquid silicone. After silicone hardened, we performed morphometric measurements by a caliper. The data were processed by using a cluster, correlation and variance analysis. For pairwise comparison, we used the MannWhitney U-test or a two-sided t-test. Results. The article presents mean, standard deviation, median, 25th percentile and 75th percentile and coefficients of variation for the length, width and sagittal size of the left atrium, as well as the values of the distances between the pulmonary vein orifices, which characterize the dimensions of the left atrium posterior wall. Based on th...
The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University
Introduction. The evaluation of the shape of the left atrial appendage into interconnection with ... more Introduction. The evaluation of the shape of the left atrial appendage into interconnection with the internal relief of its wall is of an importance for discovering anatomical patterns of the left atrium, which appears to be the most thrombogenic and are associated with a high thromboembolic risk from this chamber.The objective was to study features of the internal relief of the walls of the left atrial appendage of the adult heart and to find the dependence of these features on the size and shape of the appendage.Methods and material. We studied 68 left atrial silicone casts prepared from the hearts of 35–89 years men and women died from non-cardiac causes. By means a caliper, we measured the length and width of the cavity of the left atrial appendage, determined the shape, the number of lobes and intertrabecular spaces. With Image J program, we estimated the proportion of the area occupied by these spaces and pectinate muscles in pixels from photographs of the anterosuperior surfa...
Сибирский научный медицинский журнал
Знание топографии левого ушка сердца важно при операциях по поводу наджелудочковых аритмий и при ... more Знание топографии левого ушка сердца важно при операциях по поводу наджелудочковых аритмий и при герметизации устья ушка с целью профилактики тромбоэмболий при криптогенных инсультах. Цель работы-по результатам морфометрического изучения секционного материала дать характеристику типичному положению и вариантам локальной топографии левого ушка сердца взрослого человека. Материал и методы. На 54 препаратах сердца массой 200-400 г, заполненных силиконом, штангенциркулем измеряли расстояния от основания левого ушка сердца до верхушки сердца, до структур предсердного комплекса, присердечных сосудов и левой венечной артерии. Результаты и их обсуждение. Основание левого ушка сердца находилось на расстоянии 87,0 ± 13,1 мм от верхушки сердца, 49,7 ± 7,0 мм-от основания правого ушка сердца. Расстояние от левого ушка сердца до устья верхней полой вены (36,4 ± 8,1 мм) было на 16 % больше расстояния до восходящей части аорты (30,4 ± 6,4 мм), в 1,25 раза меньше расстояния до овальной ямки (45,2 ± 6,0 мм), в 1,5 раза меньше расстояния до устья нижней полой вены (55,5 ± 8,7 мм). Наименьшее медианное значение (9,6 мм) и наибольшая вариация (1,4-15,2 мм) были отмечены для расстояния до легочного ствола. Устья четырех легочных вен находились на разном расстоянии от устья ушка, ближе всего была левая верхняя легочная вена, в 59,6 % случаев она непосредственно примыкала сверху к ушку. Ее устье в 43 % случаев было выше устья ушка и в 57 %-на одном уровне с ним (р = 0,07). Левая венечная артерия находилась в 2,63-18,74 мм снизу от основания ушка. Прямые корреляционные связи выявлены для параметров предсердного комплекса. Длина желудочкового комплекса не являлась значимым предиктором для определения взаимного положения левого ушка сердца и соседних с ним структур. Заключение. Установленные значения морфометрических параметров и их взаимосвязи можно использовать как критерии нормального строения предсердного комплекса сердца. Ключевые слова: анатомия человека, морфометрия, сердце, предсердия, ушки сердца, легочные вены. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Благодарности. Авторы свидетельствуют свое глубокое почтение памяти тех людей, препараты сердца которых были использованы для этого исследования. Авторы выражают признательность коллегам-патологам за помощь в выполнении исследования.
Morphological newsletter
The aim of the study was a morphometric characteristic of the left atrial appendage of a conditio... more The aim of the study was a morphometric characteristic of the left atrial appendage of a conditionally normal adult heart with a different number of lobes of this structure. We studied 52 preparations of the heart weighing 250-400 grams of people aged 36-89 who died from causes not related to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, muscle or connective tissue. The left atrium of the heart was filled with liquid silicone with a hardener. During the silicone hardening, the preparations were suspended so that the its lower wall was raised above the table plane by 10–15º. After the silicone hardened, the overall dimensions of the heart, left atrial appendage, and its lobes were measured with a caliper. The number of lobes and edges of the atrial appendage was determined. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis of differences. It was established that in 71,1% of cases the left atrial appendages had two lobes, in 21,2% three lobes, in 7,7% it was single-lobed. The proximal lo...
Kazan medical journal
Background. Knowledge of the anatomical features of the left atrium walls will minimize complicat... more Background. Knowledge of the anatomical features of the left atrium walls will minimize complications during the Cox-Maze surgery. Aim. To clarify common features and local anatomical specificities of the anterosuperior, lateral and inferior walls of the left atrial body of the heart of an adult. Material and methods. From 60 preparations of the hearts of men and women aged 3589 years who died from non-cardiac causes, 61 histotopograms and 180 anatomical sections of the left atrium walls were made. A stereoscopic microscope (4.715 magnification), a histological microscope (40 magnification), and an image recognition program were used. Nonparametric dispersion, correlation, one-way regression analysis were applied. The significance of differences was assessed by the MannWhitney U-test. The results were presented as medians. Results. Anatomical markers of the anterosuperior wall were a compact group of transverse myocardial fibers (anterior interatrial Bachmann bundle) and a thinned s...
I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald
INTRODUCTION: The syntopy of the left atrial (LA) structures is the least studied aspect of the n... more INTRODUCTION: The syntopy of the left atrial (LA) structures is the least studied aspect of the normal heart anatomy. The morphometric data on the position of orifices of the pulmonary veins in the LA walls relative to the adjacent heart structures and heart vessels are important as reference parameters of heart morphology and are needed in the endovascular treatment of atrial fibrillations. AIM: To establish the general patterns and topospecific peculiarities of the location of the pulmonary vein orifices relative to the oval fossa and orifices of the venae cavae using morphometric methods of anatomical preparations of conventionally normal adult human heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fiftyfour wet anatomical preparations of the heart without macroscopic signs of hemodynamically significant cardiac pathology were studied. The preparations were obtained from patients aged 3589 years who died from diseases not related to heart pathology. LA diastole was modeled by filling its cavity wit...
Sibirskij naučnyj medicinskij žurnal, Jun 27, 2022
Одной из проблем при проведении исследований, посвященных изучению соединительной ткани, является... more Одной из проблем при проведении исследований, посвященных изучению соединительной ткани, является одновременное выявление эластических и коллагеновых волокон на одном препарате для определения их пространственных взаимоотношений и относительной удельной плотности. Цель исследования-оценить возможность дифференцированного окрашивания эластических и коллагеновых волокон растворами резорцин-фуксина и прочного зеленого FCF на одном препарате и сравнить информативность предлагаемого способа с информативностью классических способов окраски соединительной ткани, выполненных по стандартным протоколам. Материал и методы. Материалом служили препараты сердца людей, умерших от причин, не связанных с болезнями сердца. Для изготовления гистологических препаратов брали участок передней межжелудочковой артерии с подлежащим миокардом. После формалиновой фиксации материала, стандартной проводки и заливки в парафин изготавливали гистологические срезы. Препараты депарафинизировали, погружали в резорцин-фуксин на 15 минут, затем окрашивали железным гематоксилином Вейгерта 2 минуты, далее наносили на поверхность среза на 2 минуты 0,1%-й раствор прочного зеленого FCF, смешанный с насыщенным раствором пикриновой кислоты в соотношении 1:10 непосредственно перед окраской, препараты дегидратировали, просветляли и заключали в синтетическую монтирующую среду. Результаты. На полученных препаратах эластические волокна были окрашены в темно-синий цвет, а коллагеновые волокна-в оттенки зеленого, что позволяло дифференцировать их на основании различий окраски. Заключение. Разработан и апробирован способ окраски, который обеспечивает возможность одновременного выявления на одном препарате эластических и коллагеновых волокон при последовательном окрашивании растворами резорцин-фуксина и прочного зеленого FCF.
European Journal of Anatomy
The aim of this study was to explore the anatomy and morphometry of the coronary sinus in hearts ... more The aim of this study was to explore the anatomy and morphometry of the coronary sinus in hearts of adult humans, clarify position of the sinus to left atrium, left fibrous ring and adjacent arteries and describe topographic variants for adjacent anatomy of the coronary sinus in hearts of various types of coronary dominance. We studied 40 hearts weighing 200-420 g, obtained from patients who died from non-cardiac causes. We dissected 30 non-injected macroscopic specimens preserved into 4% PBS formalin to reveal and measure coronary sinus and neighboring coronary arteries. The rest 10 hearts we used for preparing histological slices from the points of the beginning of the sinus, in the middle, and near the “crux cordis”. We measured large and small diameters, circumference, wall thickness of the coronary sinus, as well as explored relative position of the coronary sinus, adjacent arteries, left atrium and left fibrous ring. The reference range of coronary sinus length was 33.76-48.4 ...
Морфология
Цель - выявить варианты строения и внутриорганной топографии устьев венечных артерий у взрослого ... more Цель - выявить варианты строения и внутриорганной топографии устьев венечных артерий у взрослого человека при разных типах кровоснабжения желудочкового комплекса сердца. Материал и методы. На вскрытых через некоронарные синусы аорты 65 препаратах клапанов аорты взрослых людей изучили положение устьев венечных артерий, штангенциркулем измеряли минимальный и максимальный диаметры каждого устья, определяли их форму по соотношению диаметров. Результаты. Для устьев обеих артерий типичной была округлая, реже овальная форма. В большинстве случаев левая венечная артерия начиналась в центральной трети, правая - в центральной или задней трети «своего» синуса на уровне верхнего края полулунной заслонки или между ним и синотубулярным соединением. Локализация устьев в пределах синусов, на уровне синотубулярного соединения или выше него была редкой для обеих артерий. В 20 % случаев в правом синусе аорты спереди от устья правой венечной артерии имелось устье конусной артерии. Выводы. Типичные и ре...
Summary: Interventricular septum (IS) has been studied in ordinary formed human fetal hearts (20–... more Summary: Interventricular septum (IS) has been studied in ordinary formed human fetal hearts (20–28 weeks) by means of the anatomo-metrical method. VS breadth appears to be less than its length, but is more than the breadth of the medial walls of both ventricles. The outlet length surpasses the inlet one more on the right than on the left septal side. On transversal sections the angle between IS departments is 122 — 139°. The angle degree increases from the basis to the apex of the heart. The angle between the longest axes of the right surface divisions is 38 — 42°. The length proportions of the IS departments become constant to the middle fetal period. The sinus part of the IS is square or multiangular (often four- or five-angular) and along the bloodstream. The development of the sinus part is coordinated with formation of the inlet trabecular part. The conal part is the smallest one. The conal development in the middle fetal period has not been completed yet. Size proportions of ...
Knowledge of the relevant position of right ventricular (RV) trabeculae in the fetal heart is req... more Knowledge of the relevant position of right ventricular (RV) trabeculae in the fetal heart is required to distinguished health patterns from congenital heart defects. The study was aimed to investigate the location of the trabeculae in the RV outlet portion. 101 human hearts from fetuses aged 17-28 weeks without anomalies and growth retardation were investigated with the stereomicroscope and ocular micrometer. The septomarginal trabecula (SMT) was located in the RV outlet and always was an oriented structure. The anterior branch of SMT was found in 77.8% of cases and it was always directed towards the pulmonary trunk. The posterior branch was directed towards the membranous septum. Septoparietal trabeculae (PT) connected the anterior margin of SMT with the anterior wall of RV. Several patterns of the relative PT and SMT position have been described. In 48.1% the first (closest to SMT) PT was located parallel to the anterior margin of SMT. Less frequently it entered the anterior marg...