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د. رمضان النجار

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Papers by د. رمضان النجار

Thesis Chapters by د. رمضان النجار

Ph.D, 2017

The current study investigates the problems that face translators in rendering the anthropomorphi... more The current study investigates the problems that face translators in rendering the
anthropomorphic images of Allah in the Qur‟ân. The anthropomorphic images are the physical
movements and body organs used to refer to Allah in the Qur‟ân and Sunnah. The samples of
the study are 22 verses from the Qur‟ân. The problem lies in the fact that two divergent Islamic
trends differ in dealing with the anthropomorphic images. The Salafî (Mainstream) trend
affirms the anthropomorphic images without Ta‟wîl (interpretation), Tactîl (denying), Takîyyf
(qualifying), Tashbîh (likening), Tamθîl (comparing), or Tajsîm (embodying). However, the
Khalafî (Non-(Mainstream) contradicts the Salafî. Eight translations are investigated in the
study in order to have a broad scope of the problem and hence to provide in-depth results. The
study is qualitative and begins with a theoretical part followed by the analysis section. The
research questions of the study are: 1- What problems do translators encounter in translating the
anthropomorphic images in the Qur‟ân? 2- Which translation strategies are more suitable for
translating the anthropomorphic images in the Qur‟ân? 3- To what extent, can the functional
approach play a role in helping the Qur‟ân translators in rendering the anthropomorphic images
in the Qur‟ân? 4- What schools of exegeses should be adopted or resorted to when searching
for the meaning of the anthropomorphic images and hence in translating the anthropomorphic
images in the Qur‟an? The study findings show that the anthropomorphic images arouse much
arguments to solve this problem, there is an opinion that allows Ta‟wîl (interpretation) in three
conditions. The study also finds that the images of “Istwâ‟” and “Kursî” are not liable to
interpretation (Ta‟wîl), and hence must be translated in transliteration with explaining the
theological reasons behind that in the footnotes. On the other hand, the images of the face, the
eye, and the shin can be interpreted contextually since the three stipulations of Ta‟wîl are met.
iv
The study concludes with some recommendations for the future Qur‟ân translators about the
appropriate strategies to be followed when each anthropomorphic image is rendered.
Keywords: Anthropomorphism – Anthropomorphic Images – Translation - the Qur’ân -
Ta’wîl - Salafî and Khalafî – Allah’s Attributes

Ph.D, 2017

The current study investigates the problems that face translators in rendering the anthropomorphi... more The current study investigates the problems that face translators in rendering the
anthropomorphic images of Allah in the Qur‟ân. The anthropomorphic images are the physical
movements and body organs used to refer to Allah in the Qur‟ân and Sunnah. The samples of
the study are 22 verses from the Qur‟ân. The problem lies in the fact that two divergent Islamic
trends differ in dealing with the anthropomorphic images. The Salafî (Mainstream) trend
affirms the anthropomorphic images without Ta‟wîl (interpretation), Tactîl (denying), Takîyyf
(qualifying), Tashbîh (likening), Tamθîl (comparing), or Tajsîm (embodying). However, the
Khalafî (Non-(Mainstream) contradicts the Salafî. Eight translations are investigated in the
study in order to have a broad scope of the problem and hence to provide in-depth results. The
study is qualitative and begins with a theoretical part followed by the analysis section. The
research questions of the study are: 1- What problems do translators encounter in translating the
anthropomorphic images in the Qur‟ân? 2- Which translation strategies are more suitable for
translating the anthropomorphic images in the Qur‟ân? 3- To what extent, can the functional
approach play a role in helping the Qur‟ân translators in rendering the anthropomorphic images
in the Qur‟ân? 4- What schools of exegeses should be adopted or resorted to when searching
for the meaning of the anthropomorphic images and hence in translating the anthropomorphic
images in the Qur‟an? The study findings show that the anthropomorphic images arouse much
arguments to solve this problem, there is an opinion that allows Ta‟wîl (interpretation) in three
conditions. The study also finds that the images of “Istwâ‟” and “Kursî” are not liable to
interpretation (Ta‟wîl), and hence must be translated in transliteration with explaining the
theological reasons behind that in the footnotes. On the other hand, the images of the face, the
eye, and the shin can be interpreted contextually since the three stipulations of Ta‟wîl are met.
iv
The study concludes with some recommendations for the future Qur‟ân translators about the
appropriate strategies to be followed when each anthropomorphic image is rendered.
Keywords: Anthropomorphism – Anthropomorphic Images – Translation - the Qur’ân -
Ta’wîl - Salafî and Khalafî – Allah’s Attributes

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