ABDUL BARI - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by ABDUL BARI
Sensors
Electroencephalography (EEG) is immediate and sensitive to neurological changes resulting from sl... more Electroencephalography (EEG) is immediate and sensitive to neurological changes resulting from sleep stages and is considered a computing tool for understanding the association between neurological outcomes and sleep stages. EEG is expected to be an efficient approach for sleep stage prediction outside a highly equipped clinical setting compared with multimodal physiological signal-based polysomnography. This study aims to quantify the neurological EEG-biomarkers and predict five-class sleep stages using sleep EEG data. We investigated the three-channel EEG sleep recordings of 154 individuals (mean age of 53.8 ± 15.4 years) from the Haaglanden Medisch Centrum (HMC, The Hague, The Netherlands) open-access public dataset of PhysioNet. The power of fast-wave alpha, beta, and gamma rhythms decreases; and the power of slow-wave delta and theta oscillations gradually increases as sleep becomes deeper. Delta wave power ratios (DAR, DTR, and DTABR) may be considered biomarkers for their cha...
The transgender community is one of the segment of our population, which is socially, culturally ... more The transgender community is one of the segment of our population, which is socially, culturally and legally less recognized. The media representation is one of the key sources which influence the transgender people regarding their awareness and issues. It helps in changing the perception and behavior of the people towards this community and refers to the direct construction of the gender identity. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the representation of the transgender people in the mainstream Pakistani English newspapers i.e. Daily Dawn and Daily Express Tribune in a comparative manner. Content analysis has been chosen as study design in order to know the prominence level and the contribution of media for the social inclusion and highlighting the issues faced by the transgender community. Systematic sampling technique has been adopted with the sample size of total news item, articles, editorials and letter to the editors published from October, 2019 to March, ...
Babesiosis is a tick transmitted protozoal disease in most of the domesticated animal. It has neg... more Babesiosis is a tick transmitted protozoal disease in most of the domesticated animal. It has negative impact over the production, weight gain and othe parameters of the body. This review has some information about the pathological changes produced due to this infection in small ruminants. Bhat et al. (2014) conducted a study to determined the prevalence of Babesia infection in apparently healthy animals from the province of Punjab, India. Results of examination of thin blood smears confirmed 2.45% animals to be positive for piroplasmosis of B. bigemina while genomic DNA isolated from the blood samples when subjected to primary PCR showing a positivity of 7.38 % was detected by the amplification of 278-bp product in the agarose gel. PCR products obtained from the primary PCR of B. bigemina, when engaged as template in nested PCR produced the amplicons of favored size (170 bp) was detected in 30.39 % of the samples. Ijaz et al. (2013) studied the prevalence of Babesiosis in sheep and...
The Professional Medical Journal, 2006
Phylloides tumour is a raretumour of breast. Its incidence being less than 1% ofmalignant breast ... more Phylloides tumour is a raretumour of breast. Its incidence being less than 1% ofmalignant breast tumours1. The term of phylloides wascoined by Johanes Muller2 due to leaf like cleft spaceson sectional surface. The age incidence is similar as ofbreast carcinoma, the median age is 45 years, althoughit can present at any age. It is a peculiar tumour that hascharacteristic pathological features. Grossly the size oftumour varies. Typical phylloides tumours are roundrelatively well circumscribed and firm, many are largeand may acquire huge dimensions2. Its sectional surfaceis solid with cleft like spaces imparting leaf likemacroscopic appearance3. Microscopically the twofeatures of phylloides tumour are stromal hypercellularityand presence of benign glandular component4.Seven cases of phylloides tumour are discussed withtheir pathological features and clinical significance ishighlighted.
The Professional Medical Journal, 2007
118 cases of acute pyogenic meningitis were admitted in the department of Paediatrics LiaquatMedi... more 118 cases of acute pyogenic meningitis were admitted in the department of Paediatrics LiaquatMedical College, Hospitals Jamshoro/ Hyderabad in one year period with prevalence of 1.57% of the total admissions.After selecting the cases on clinical ground we proceeded further to confirm the diagnosis by cerebrospinal fluidcytochemical analysis, gram staining,, culture and sensitivity and detection of the antigen of micro-organism by latexagglutination test.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2018
Background Globally, most deaths due to childhood pneumonia occur at the community level. Some co... more Background Globally, most deaths due to childhood pneumonia occur at the community level. Some countries are still using oral co-trimoxazole, despite a World Health Organization recommendation of oral amoxicillin for the treatment of fast-breathing pneumonia in children at the community level. Methods We conducted an unblinded, cluster-randomized, controlled-equivalency trial in Haripur District, Pakistan. Children 2–59 months of age with fast-breathing pneumonia were treated with oral amoxicillin suspension (50 mg/kg/day) for 3 days in 14 intervention clusters and oral co-trimoxazole suspension (8 mg trimethoprim/kg and 40 mg sulfamethoxazole/kg/day) for 5 days in 14 control clusters by lady health workers (LHW). The primary outcome was treatment failure by day 4 for intervention clusters and by day 6 for control clusters. The analysis was per protocol. Results Out of the 15 749 cases enrolled in the study, 9153 cases in intervention and 6509 cases in control clusters were included...
The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2013
This paper deals with fuzzy goal programming (FGP) approach to stochastic multivariate stratified... more This paper deals with fuzzy goal programming (FGP) approach to stochastic multivariate stratified sampling with non linear objective function and probabilistic non linear cost constraint which is formulated as a multiobjective non linear programming problem (MONLPP). In the model formulation of the problem, we first determine the individual best solution of the objective functions subject to the system constraints and construct the non linear membership functions of each objective. The non linear membership functions are then transformed into equivalent linear membership functions by first order Taylor series at the individual best solution point. Fuzzy goal programming approach is then used to achieve maximum degree of each of the membership goals by minimizing negative deviational variables and finally obtain the compromise allocation. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the computational procedure of the proposed approach.
Journal of Food Protection, 2006
Thirty randomly selected Aeromonas isolates from food and the environment in Abu Dhabi, United Ar... more Thirty randomly selected Aeromonas isolates from food and the environment in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, were characterized for putative virulence determinants, such as production of cytotoxin, cytotonic toxin, and hemolysin and their capacity to adhere to and invade Henle 407 cells in vitro. Seventy percent of the tested isolates were cytotoxin producers, and 80% were hemolytic. Cytotoxin was produced by 6 of 7 A. hydrophila strains, 6 of 13 A. caviae strains, and 6 of 7 A. veronii bv. sobria strains, mostly from food sources. A. schubertii, A. jandaei, and A. trota also produced both cytotoxin and hemolysin. All of the 30 isolates tested adhered to Henle 407 cells, but none were able to invade the cells, as determined with the in vitro assay. However, no significant correlation of the presence of these putative virulence factors was found among these aeromonad food isolates.
Safety and Reliability, 2011
In this paper, we obtain optimum allocation of replaceable and repairable components in a system ... more In this paper, we obtain optimum allocation of replaceable and repairable components in a system design. When repair and replace time are considered as random in the constraints. We convert probabilistic constraint into an equivalent deterministic constraint by using chance constrained programming. We have used the selective maintenance policy to determine how many components to be replaced & repaired within the limited maintenance time interval and cost. A Numerical example is presented to illustrate the computational procedure and problem is solved by using LINGO Software.
Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Feb 15, 2015
Postharvest loss of fresh produces is one of the major concerns in many countries, specially wher... more Postharvest loss of fresh produces is one of the major concerns in many countries, specially where climate is hot and humid. Ionizing radiation is used as phytosanitary treatment (PI) for many fresh produces. However, some variety of fresh produces can not tolerate high ionizing radiation dose which is required for PI treatment. We evaluated the possibility of using non-ionizing radiation alone or in combination with ionizing radiation for fresh cucumbers to minimize post-harvest loss. Gamma radiation of 100 Gy, Microwaves generated from 180 watt for 10 seconds, and their combined effects on cucumbers were analyzed. External colour, firmness and percent storage loss of treated cucumbers were compared with untreated control group. External colour analysis of L*a*b* parameters showed a gradual increase of L* (lightness) and b* (blue to yellow) with the storage time. We did not observe any significant changes of L* and b* values between the treated and untreated cucumbers. However, values of a* (green to red) were changed significantly (p=0.0001). During the 15-day storage period we did not observe any significant differences of firmness of cucumber among the treated and untreated ones. At the end of the 15-day storage period, the cumilitive percent losses of treated and untreated cucumbers were 13.3% (combined ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), 16.6 % (only ionizing radiation), 20.0 % (only non-ionizing radiation) and 30.0 % (no treatment).
Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research, 2015
In this paper, we have considered the problem of three-stage sample surveys. The problem of a thr... more In this paper, we have considered the problem of three-stage sample surveys. The problem of a three stage multivariate stratified sample survey has been formulated as a non-linear stochastic programming problem by considering survey cost and the variances as random variables. The stochastic programming problem has been converted into equivalent deterministic form using Chance constraint programming and modified E-model.
Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research, 2013
In the present paper, we have considered the allocation problem of repairable components for a pa... more In the present paper, we have considered the allocation problem of repairable components for a parallelseries system as a multi-objective optimization problem and have discussed two different models. In first model the reliability of subsystems are considered as different objectives. In second model the cost and time spent on repairing the components are considered as two different objectives. These two models is formulated as multi-objective Nonlinear Programming Problem (MONLPP) and a Fuzzy goal programming method is used to work out the compromise allocation in multi-objective selective maintenance reliability model in which we define the membership functions of each objective function and then transform membership functions into equivalent linear membership functions by first order Taylor series and finally by forming a fuzzy goal programming model obtain a desired compromise allocation of maintenance components. A numerical example is also worked out to illustrate the computational details of the method.
Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms in Operations Research, 2015
This paper provide a profound study on optimum allocation of two stage multivariate stratified Wa... more This paper provide a profound study on optimum allocation of two stage multivariate stratified Warner's randomized response (RR) model with linear and non linear cost function. The multi-objective problem is formulated as a Geometric Programming Problem (GPP). The fuzzy programming approach is adopted to solve the formulated problem. A numerical example is given to illustrate the computational details of the suggested method.
American Journal of Operations Research, 2011
In this paper, we obtain optimum allocation of replaceable and repairable components in a system ... more In this paper, we obtain optimum allocation of replaceable and repairable components in a system design. When repair and replace time are considered as random in the constraints. We convert probabilistic constraint into an equivalent deterministic constraint by using chance constrained programming. We have used the selective maintenance policy to determine how many components to be replaced & repaired within the limited maintenance time interval and cost. A Numerical example is presented to illustrate the computational procedure and problem is solved by using LINGO Software.
Journal of Global Health, 2015
Background Appropriate and timely care seeking reduces mortality for childhood illnesses includin... more Background Appropriate and timely care seeking reduces mortality for childhood illnesses including pneumonia. Despite over 90 000 Lady Health Workers (LHWs) deployed in Pakistan, whose tasks included management of pneumonia, only 16% of care takers sought care from them for respiratory infections. As part of a community case management trial for childhood pneumonia, community mobilization interventions were implemented to improve care seeking from LHWs in Haripur district, Pakistan. The objective of the study was to increase the number of children receiving treatment for pneumonia and severe pneumonia by Lady Health Workers (LHWs) through community mobilization approaches for prompt recognition and care seeking in 2 to 59 month-old children. Methods To assess pneumonia care seeking practices, pre and postintervention household surveys were conducted in 28 target Union Councils. Formative research to improve existing LHW training materials, job aids and other materials was carried out. Advocacy events were organized, LHWs and male health promoters were trained in community mobilization, non-functional women and male health committees were revitalized and LHWs and male health promoters conducted community awareness sessions. Results The community mobilization interventions were implemented from April 2008-December 2009. Project and LHW program staff organized 113 sensitization meetings for opinion leaders, which were attended by 2262 males and 3288 females. The 511 trained LHWs organized 6132 community awareness sessions attended by 50 056 women and 511 male promoters conducted 523 sessions attended by 7845 males. In one year period, the number of LHWs treating pneumonia increased from 11 in April 2008 to 505 in March 2009. The care seeking from LHWs for suspected pneumonia increased from 0.7% in pre-intervention survey to 49.2% in post-intervention survey. Conclusion The increase in care seeking from LHWs benefited the community through bringing inexpensive appropriate care closer to home and reducing burden on overstretched health facilities. The community mobilization interventions led to improvements in appropriate care seeking that would not have been achievable just by strengthening pneumonia case management skills of LHWs. In addition to strengthening skills, community mobilization and behavior change activities should also be included in community case management programmes.
The Scientific World Journal, 2012
This study assessed the prevalence of antibiotic-resistantAeromonasspecies isolated from Alice an... more This study assessed the prevalence of antibiotic-resistantAeromonasspecies isolated from Alice and Fort Beaufort wastewater treatment plant in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed for the detection of antibiotics resistance genes. Variable susceptibilities were observed against ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, minocycline, among others.Aeromonasisolates from both locations were 100% resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin. Higher phenotypic resistance was observed in isolates from Fort Beaufort compared to isolates from Alice. Class Apse1β-lactamase was detected in 20.8% of the isolates with a lower detection rate of 8.3% forblaTEMgene. Class 1 integron was present in 20.8% ofAeromonasisolates while class 2 integron andTetCgene were not detected in any isolate. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes obs...
The Lancet, 2011
Background-First dose oral cotrimoxazole and referral is the recommended treatment for WHO-define... more Background-First dose oral cotrimoxazole and referral is the recommended treatment for WHO-defined severe pneumonia. Difficulties with referral compliance are reported from many low resource settings resulting in low access to appropriate treatment.
Journal of Agricultural and …, 2009
Five exotic rice genotypes along with a local check were evaluated for yield and yield contributi... more Five exotic rice genotypes along with a local check were evaluated for yield and yield contributing traits under the climatic conditions of Swat. Minimum days to flowering were taken by rice genotype YUNLEN2 (59.7 days) and were 14 days early in maturity ...
Human Resources for Health, 2011
Background: There is a growing interest in using pay-for-performance mechanisms in low and middle... more Background: There is a growing interest in using pay-for-performance mechanisms in low and middle-income countries in order to improve the performance of health care providers. However, at present there is a dearth of independent evaluations of such approaches which can guide understanding of their potential and risks in differing contexts. This article presents the results of an evaluation of a project managed by an international nongovernmental organisation in one district of Pakistan. It aims to contribute to learning about the design and implementation of pay-for-performance systems and their impact on health worker motivation. Methods: Quantitative analysis was conducted of health management information system (HMIS) data, financial records, and project documents covering the period 2007-2010. Key informant interviews were carried out with stakeholders at all levels. At facility level, in-depth interviews were held, as were focus group discussions with staff and community members.
Drug Delivery, 2014
Context: This study presents novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system potential of oral de... more Context: This study presents novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system potential of oral delivering which leads poorly aqueous soluble drug glimepiride. Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) for the improved oral delivery of glimepiride and to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in albino rabbits. Results and discussion: The droplet size analyses revealed a droplet size of less than 200 nm. The solid state characterization of S-SNEDDS by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed the absence of crystalline glimepiride in the S-SNEDDS. The in vitro dissolution studies revealed that the significant improvement in glimepiride release characteristics. The effect of S-SNEDDS on therapeutic efficacy of glimepride was assessed in albino rabbits by monitoring blood glucose levels and compared with free drug suspension, L-SNEDDS. The S-SNEDDS showed significant (p50.05) increase in in vitro drug release and therapeutic efficacy as compared with free drug. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that S-SNEDDS is a promising novel drug delivery system of glimepride to enhance oral delivery.
Sensors
Electroencephalography (EEG) is immediate and sensitive to neurological changes resulting from sl... more Electroencephalography (EEG) is immediate and sensitive to neurological changes resulting from sleep stages and is considered a computing tool for understanding the association between neurological outcomes and sleep stages. EEG is expected to be an efficient approach for sleep stage prediction outside a highly equipped clinical setting compared with multimodal physiological signal-based polysomnography. This study aims to quantify the neurological EEG-biomarkers and predict five-class sleep stages using sleep EEG data. We investigated the three-channel EEG sleep recordings of 154 individuals (mean age of 53.8 ± 15.4 years) from the Haaglanden Medisch Centrum (HMC, The Hague, The Netherlands) open-access public dataset of PhysioNet. The power of fast-wave alpha, beta, and gamma rhythms decreases; and the power of slow-wave delta and theta oscillations gradually increases as sleep becomes deeper. Delta wave power ratios (DAR, DTR, and DTABR) may be considered biomarkers for their cha...
The transgender community is one of the segment of our population, which is socially, culturally ... more The transgender community is one of the segment of our population, which is socially, culturally and legally less recognized. The media representation is one of the key sources which influence the transgender people regarding their awareness and issues. It helps in changing the perception and behavior of the people towards this community and refers to the direct construction of the gender identity. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the representation of the transgender people in the mainstream Pakistani English newspapers i.e. Daily Dawn and Daily Express Tribune in a comparative manner. Content analysis has been chosen as study design in order to know the prominence level and the contribution of media for the social inclusion and highlighting the issues faced by the transgender community. Systematic sampling technique has been adopted with the sample size of total news item, articles, editorials and letter to the editors published from October, 2019 to March, ...
Babesiosis is a tick transmitted protozoal disease in most of the domesticated animal. It has neg... more Babesiosis is a tick transmitted protozoal disease in most of the domesticated animal. It has negative impact over the production, weight gain and othe parameters of the body. This review has some information about the pathological changes produced due to this infection in small ruminants. Bhat et al. (2014) conducted a study to determined the prevalence of Babesia infection in apparently healthy animals from the province of Punjab, India. Results of examination of thin blood smears confirmed 2.45% animals to be positive for piroplasmosis of B. bigemina while genomic DNA isolated from the blood samples when subjected to primary PCR showing a positivity of 7.38 % was detected by the amplification of 278-bp product in the agarose gel. PCR products obtained from the primary PCR of B. bigemina, when engaged as template in nested PCR produced the amplicons of favored size (170 bp) was detected in 30.39 % of the samples. Ijaz et al. (2013) studied the prevalence of Babesiosis in sheep and...
The Professional Medical Journal, 2006
Phylloides tumour is a raretumour of breast. Its incidence being less than 1% ofmalignant breast ... more Phylloides tumour is a raretumour of breast. Its incidence being less than 1% ofmalignant breast tumours1. The term of phylloides wascoined by Johanes Muller2 due to leaf like cleft spaceson sectional surface. The age incidence is similar as ofbreast carcinoma, the median age is 45 years, althoughit can present at any age. It is a peculiar tumour that hascharacteristic pathological features. Grossly the size oftumour varies. Typical phylloides tumours are roundrelatively well circumscribed and firm, many are largeand may acquire huge dimensions2. Its sectional surfaceis solid with cleft like spaces imparting leaf likemacroscopic appearance3. Microscopically the twofeatures of phylloides tumour are stromal hypercellularityand presence of benign glandular component4.Seven cases of phylloides tumour are discussed withtheir pathological features and clinical significance ishighlighted.
The Professional Medical Journal, 2007
118 cases of acute pyogenic meningitis were admitted in the department of Paediatrics LiaquatMedi... more 118 cases of acute pyogenic meningitis were admitted in the department of Paediatrics LiaquatMedical College, Hospitals Jamshoro/ Hyderabad in one year period with prevalence of 1.57% of the total admissions.After selecting the cases on clinical ground we proceeded further to confirm the diagnosis by cerebrospinal fluidcytochemical analysis, gram staining,, culture and sensitivity and detection of the antigen of micro-organism by latexagglutination test.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2018
Background Globally, most deaths due to childhood pneumonia occur at the community level. Some co... more Background Globally, most deaths due to childhood pneumonia occur at the community level. Some countries are still using oral co-trimoxazole, despite a World Health Organization recommendation of oral amoxicillin for the treatment of fast-breathing pneumonia in children at the community level. Methods We conducted an unblinded, cluster-randomized, controlled-equivalency trial in Haripur District, Pakistan. Children 2–59 months of age with fast-breathing pneumonia were treated with oral amoxicillin suspension (50 mg/kg/day) for 3 days in 14 intervention clusters and oral co-trimoxazole suspension (8 mg trimethoprim/kg and 40 mg sulfamethoxazole/kg/day) for 5 days in 14 control clusters by lady health workers (LHW). The primary outcome was treatment failure by day 4 for intervention clusters and by day 6 for control clusters. The analysis was per protocol. Results Out of the 15 749 cases enrolled in the study, 9153 cases in intervention and 6509 cases in control clusters were included...
The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2013
This paper deals with fuzzy goal programming (FGP) approach to stochastic multivariate stratified... more This paper deals with fuzzy goal programming (FGP) approach to stochastic multivariate stratified sampling with non linear objective function and probabilistic non linear cost constraint which is formulated as a multiobjective non linear programming problem (MONLPP). In the model formulation of the problem, we first determine the individual best solution of the objective functions subject to the system constraints and construct the non linear membership functions of each objective. The non linear membership functions are then transformed into equivalent linear membership functions by first order Taylor series at the individual best solution point. Fuzzy goal programming approach is then used to achieve maximum degree of each of the membership goals by minimizing negative deviational variables and finally obtain the compromise allocation. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the computational procedure of the proposed approach.
Journal of Food Protection, 2006
Thirty randomly selected Aeromonas isolates from food and the environment in Abu Dhabi, United Ar... more Thirty randomly selected Aeromonas isolates from food and the environment in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, were characterized for putative virulence determinants, such as production of cytotoxin, cytotonic toxin, and hemolysin and their capacity to adhere to and invade Henle 407 cells in vitro. Seventy percent of the tested isolates were cytotoxin producers, and 80% were hemolytic. Cytotoxin was produced by 6 of 7 A. hydrophila strains, 6 of 13 A. caviae strains, and 6 of 7 A. veronii bv. sobria strains, mostly from food sources. A. schubertii, A. jandaei, and A. trota also produced both cytotoxin and hemolysin. All of the 30 isolates tested adhered to Henle 407 cells, but none were able to invade the cells, as determined with the in vitro assay. However, no significant correlation of the presence of these putative virulence factors was found among these aeromonad food isolates.
Safety and Reliability, 2011
In this paper, we obtain optimum allocation of replaceable and repairable components in a system ... more In this paper, we obtain optimum allocation of replaceable and repairable components in a system design. When repair and replace time are considered as random in the constraints. We convert probabilistic constraint into an equivalent deterministic constraint by using chance constrained programming. We have used the selective maintenance policy to determine how many components to be replaced & repaired within the limited maintenance time interval and cost. A Numerical example is presented to illustrate the computational procedure and problem is solved by using LINGO Software.
Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Feb 15, 2015
Postharvest loss of fresh produces is one of the major concerns in many countries, specially wher... more Postharvest loss of fresh produces is one of the major concerns in many countries, specially where climate is hot and humid. Ionizing radiation is used as phytosanitary treatment (PI) for many fresh produces. However, some variety of fresh produces can not tolerate high ionizing radiation dose which is required for PI treatment. We evaluated the possibility of using non-ionizing radiation alone or in combination with ionizing radiation for fresh cucumbers to minimize post-harvest loss. Gamma radiation of 100 Gy, Microwaves generated from 180 watt for 10 seconds, and their combined effects on cucumbers were analyzed. External colour, firmness and percent storage loss of treated cucumbers were compared with untreated control group. External colour analysis of L*a*b* parameters showed a gradual increase of L* (lightness) and b* (blue to yellow) with the storage time. We did not observe any significant changes of L* and b* values between the treated and untreated cucumbers. However, values of a* (green to red) were changed significantly (p=0.0001). During the 15-day storage period we did not observe any significant differences of firmness of cucumber among the treated and untreated ones. At the end of the 15-day storage period, the cumilitive percent losses of treated and untreated cucumbers were 13.3% (combined ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), 16.6 % (only ionizing radiation), 20.0 % (only non-ionizing radiation) and 30.0 % (no treatment).
Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research, 2015
In this paper, we have considered the problem of three-stage sample surveys. The problem of a thr... more In this paper, we have considered the problem of three-stage sample surveys. The problem of a three stage multivariate stratified sample survey has been formulated as a non-linear stochastic programming problem by considering survey cost and the variances as random variables. The stochastic programming problem has been converted into equivalent deterministic form using Chance constraint programming and modified E-model.
Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research, 2013
In the present paper, we have considered the allocation problem of repairable components for a pa... more In the present paper, we have considered the allocation problem of repairable components for a parallelseries system as a multi-objective optimization problem and have discussed two different models. In first model the reliability of subsystems are considered as different objectives. In second model the cost and time spent on repairing the components are considered as two different objectives. These two models is formulated as multi-objective Nonlinear Programming Problem (MONLPP) and a Fuzzy goal programming method is used to work out the compromise allocation in multi-objective selective maintenance reliability model in which we define the membership functions of each objective function and then transform membership functions into equivalent linear membership functions by first order Taylor series and finally by forming a fuzzy goal programming model obtain a desired compromise allocation of maintenance components. A numerical example is also worked out to illustrate the computational details of the method.
Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms in Operations Research, 2015
This paper provide a profound study on optimum allocation of two stage multivariate stratified Wa... more This paper provide a profound study on optimum allocation of two stage multivariate stratified Warner's randomized response (RR) model with linear and non linear cost function. The multi-objective problem is formulated as a Geometric Programming Problem (GPP). The fuzzy programming approach is adopted to solve the formulated problem. A numerical example is given to illustrate the computational details of the suggested method.
American Journal of Operations Research, 2011
In this paper, we obtain optimum allocation of replaceable and repairable components in a system ... more In this paper, we obtain optimum allocation of replaceable and repairable components in a system design. When repair and replace time are considered as random in the constraints. We convert probabilistic constraint into an equivalent deterministic constraint by using chance constrained programming. We have used the selective maintenance policy to determine how many components to be replaced & repaired within the limited maintenance time interval and cost. A Numerical example is presented to illustrate the computational procedure and problem is solved by using LINGO Software.
Journal of Global Health, 2015
Background Appropriate and timely care seeking reduces mortality for childhood illnesses includin... more Background Appropriate and timely care seeking reduces mortality for childhood illnesses including pneumonia. Despite over 90 000 Lady Health Workers (LHWs) deployed in Pakistan, whose tasks included management of pneumonia, only 16% of care takers sought care from them for respiratory infections. As part of a community case management trial for childhood pneumonia, community mobilization interventions were implemented to improve care seeking from LHWs in Haripur district, Pakistan. The objective of the study was to increase the number of children receiving treatment for pneumonia and severe pneumonia by Lady Health Workers (LHWs) through community mobilization approaches for prompt recognition and care seeking in 2 to 59 month-old children. Methods To assess pneumonia care seeking practices, pre and postintervention household surveys were conducted in 28 target Union Councils. Formative research to improve existing LHW training materials, job aids and other materials was carried out. Advocacy events were organized, LHWs and male health promoters were trained in community mobilization, non-functional women and male health committees were revitalized and LHWs and male health promoters conducted community awareness sessions. Results The community mobilization interventions were implemented from April 2008-December 2009. Project and LHW program staff organized 113 sensitization meetings for opinion leaders, which were attended by 2262 males and 3288 females. The 511 trained LHWs organized 6132 community awareness sessions attended by 50 056 women and 511 male promoters conducted 523 sessions attended by 7845 males. In one year period, the number of LHWs treating pneumonia increased from 11 in April 2008 to 505 in March 2009. The care seeking from LHWs for suspected pneumonia increased from 0.7% in pre-intervention survey to 49.2% in post-intervention survey. Conclusion The increase in care seeking from LHWs benefited the community through bringing inexpensive appropriate care closer to home and reducing burden on overstretched health facilities. The community mobilization interventions led to improvements in appropriate care seeking that would not have been achievable just by strengthening pneumonia case management skills of LHWs. In addition to strengthening skills, community mobilization and behavior change activities should also be included in community case management programmes.
The Scientific World Journal, 2012
This study assessed the prevalence of antibiotic-resistantAeromonasspecies isolated from Alice an... more This study assessed the prevalence of antibiotic-resistantAeromonasspecies isolated from Alice and Fort Beaufort wastewater treatment plant in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed for the detection of antibiotics resistance genes. Variable susceptibilities were observed against ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, minocycline, among others.Aeromonasisolates from both locations were 100% resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin. Higher phenotypic resistance was observed in isolates from Fort Beaufort compared to isolates from Alice. Class Apse1β-lactamase was detected in 20.8% of the isolates with a lower detection rate of 8.3% forblaTEMgene. Class 1 integron was present in 20.8% ofAeromonasisolates while class 2 integron andTetCgene were not detected in any isolate. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes obs...
The Lancet, 2011
Background-First dose oral cotrimoxazole and referral is the recommended treatment for WHO-define... more Background-First dose oral cotrimoxazole and referral is the recommended treatment for WHO-defined severe pneumonia. Difficulties with referral compliance are reported from many low resource settings resulting in low access to appropriate treatment.
Journal of Agricultural and …, 2009
Five exotic rice genotypes along with a local check were evaluated for yield and yield contributi... more Five exotic rice genotypes along with a local check were evaluated for yield and yield contributing traits under the climatic conditions of Swat. Minimum days to flowering were taken by rice genotype YUNLEN2 (59.7 days) and were 14 days early in maturity ...
Human Resources for Health, 2011
Background: There is a growing interest in using pay-for-performance mechanisms in low and middle... more Background: There is a growing interest in using pay-for-performance mechanisms in low and middle-income countries in order to improve the performance of health care providers. However, at present there is a dearth of independent evaluations of such approaches which can guide understanding of their potential and risks in differing contexts. This article presents the results of an evaluation of a project managed by an international nongovernmental organisation in one district of Pakistan. It aims to contribute to learning about the design and implementation of pay-for-performance systems and their impact on health worker motivation. Methods: Quantitative analysis was conducted of health management information system (HMIS) data, financial records, and project documents covering the period 2007-2010. Key informant interviews were carried out with stakeholders at all levels. At facility level, in-depth interviews were held, as were focus group discussions with staff and community members.
Drug Delivery, 2014
Context: This study presents novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system potential of oral de... more Context: This study presents novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system potential of oral delivering which leads poorly aqueous soluble drug glimepiride. Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) for the improved oral delivery of glimepiride and to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in albino rabbits. Results and discussion: The droplet size analyses revealed a droplet size of less than 200 nm. The solid state characterization of S-SNEDDS by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed the absence of crystalline glimepiride in the S-SNEDDS. The in vitro dissolution studies revealed that the significant improvement in glimepiride release characteristics. The effect of S-SNEDDS on therapeutic efficacy of glimepride was assessed in albino rabbits by monitoring blood glucose levels and compared with free drug suspension, L-SNEDDS. The S-SNEDDS showed significant (p50.05) increase in in vitro drug release and therapeutic efficacy as compared with free drug. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that S-SNEDDS is a promising novel drug delivery system of glimepride to enhance oral delivery.