A. Drumont - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by A. Drumont

Research paper thumbnail of Présence du frelon asiatique Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 en région de Bruxelles-Capitale, bilan de sa progression en Belgique et sa découverte au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Lambillonea, 2020

The occurrence of the Asian hornet, Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836, in the Brussels-Capital regi... more The occurrence of the Asian hornet, Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836, in the Brussels-Capital region and the results of its progression in Belgium until the end of 2019 are presented. A brief biology of the species is recalled. The criteria for distinguishing it from its closest species in Belgium, the European hornet, Vespa crabro Linnaeus, 1758 and the bush wasp, Dolichovespula media (Retz, 1783), are underlined. The four European hornet species are also pictured. An addendum about its discovery in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in september 2020 is provided at the end of the paper.

Research paper thumbnail of Contribution to the knowledge of Agrypninae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) with description of new species and new records from Pakistan

Research paper thumbnail of Volatile compounds in the larval frass ofDendroctonus valens andDendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to oviposition by the predator,Rhizophagus grandis (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae)

Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1991

During a laboratory study evaluating Rhizophagus grandis (a specific native predator of the Euras... more During a laboratory study evaluating Rhizophagus grandis (a specific native predator of the Eurasian bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans), as a potential biocontrol agent against the North American bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, it was found that feeding larvae and laboratory-produced frass of the potential prey elicited very high oviposition responses in the predator. Comparative chemical analysis of this laboratory-produced larval frass revealed that one major volatile compound, (-)-fenchone, is associated with the larvae of both Dendroctonus species. D. micans also generated pinocamphone while oxygenated monoterpenes in the frass of D. valens were camphor, cis-4-thujanol, fenchol, terpinen-4-ol, myrtenal, pinocarvone, bomeol, GRI~GOIRE ET AL. verbenone, piperitone, campholenaldehyde, trans-myrtanol, cis-myrtanol, p-cymen-8-ol and 5-oxo-camphor. This range of prey-produced compounds with a possible biological effect on R. grandis was narrowed down subsequent to comparative analysis of field-collected larval frass. (-)-Fenchone, pinocamphone, camphor, terpinen-4-ol, borneol, fenchol, and verbenone were found to be common to both prey species. A mixture of these seven components was tested in a bioassay, where it elicited as much oviposition as did larval frass of D. micans. The oviposition stimulants for R. grandis are thus clearly among the mixture's constituents.

Research paper thumbnail of A sampling technique to estimate within-tree populations of pre-emergent Ips typographus (Col., Scolytidae)

Journal of Applied Entomology, 1996

ABSTRACT : A sampling method was designed to assess within-tree pre-emergent adult populations of... more ABSTRACT : A sampling method was designed to assess within-tree pre-emergent adult populations of Ips typographus in Belgium. In a first series of 6 standing, attacked trees, a large number of 1 dm2 samples (56–171 samples, according to tree) were collected and analysed. Sets of samples were selected at random with successive increments of one unit among the samples from each tree, and the mean numbers of beetles and standard deviations in each of these random sets were used to calculate changes in sampling precision as the number of samples in a set increased. For each tree, there was an excellent fit with a power function linking sampling error and number of samples in each set. Fifty random samples per tree allowed estimates of the mean with an error of 9–24%. Further analysis of sample variation along and around the trunks showed that beetle density did not vary around but along the trunks, suggesting that sampling should not be totally random but should take into account longitudinal changes in beetle populations on attacked trees. At each level of each tree, sets of samples were selected at random with successive increments of one unit to calculate changes in sampling precision. At any level along the trunks, taking four 1 dm2 samples yielded estimates with an error inferior to 10%. To validate the conclusions drawn from these results, eight other trees were then sampled at regular intervals along the trunk. A total of 43–56 samples were taken per tree, yielding estimates with a computed error of 9–13% of the mean. Beetle density along the trunks was found to increase linearly along the basal portions of the infested stems (15% of the infested stem), remain constant along the following 65% of the infested stems, and decrease linearly along the terminal 20%. Taking all this information into account, the total pre-emergent beetle population in each tree was estimated. Total beetle production per tree ranged from 35 000–72000.

Research paper thumbnail of Semiochemicals and the management of Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Col., Rhizophagidae) for the biocontrol of Dendroctonus micans Kug. (Col., Scolytidae)

Journal of Applied Entomology, 1992

ABSTRACT Semiochemicals can be exploited for rearing and monitoring natural enemies involved in b... more ABSTRACT Semiochemicals can be exploited for rearing and monitoring natural enemies involved in biological control. The predator Rhizophagus grandis, which is used against Dendroctonus micans, is now artificially mass-produced using synthetic oviposition stimuli. Recent results from the laboratory and the field also suggest that R. grandis population levels could be monitored using synthetic attractants.ZusammenfassungVerhaltensmodifizierende Duftstoffe im Management von Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Col., Rhizophagidae) zur biologischen Bekämpfung von Dendroctonus micans Kug. (Col., Scolytidae)Duftstoffe können in der Zucht und in der Überwachung natürlicher Feinde bei der biologischen Bekämpfung eingesetzt werden. Der räuberische Rhizophagus grandis, der gegen Dendroctonus micans eingesetzt wird, ist heute Gegenstand künstlicher Massenzuchten, bei denen synthetische Eiablagestimulantien verwendet werden. Neuere Ergebnisse aus Labor und Freiland weisen darauf hin, daß die Populationsdichten von R. grandis mit synthetischen Lockstoffen ermittelt werden können.

Research paper thumbnail of Notes on Species of Cardiophorinae (Candèze, 1860) From Pakistan with Description of a New Species (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and New Records

Pakistan J. Zool, 2011

A new species of genus Cardiophorus Eschscholtz is described from Punjab, Pakistan with special r... more A new species of genus Cardiophorus Eschscholtz is described from Punjab, Pakistan with special reference to its male and female genitalia. The present new species is compared to its closest allied species. A key to all the species of genus Cardiophorus Eschscholtz from Pakistan is formulated and the relationship of the present new species is also briefly discussed. Notes on other species of Cardiophorinae are given and new country records for Pakistan are provided.

Research paper thumbnail of Semiochemicals and the integrated management of Ips typographus (L.) (Col., Scolytidae) in Belgium

Journal of Applied Entomology, 1992

ABSTRACT Until recently, the management of spruce bark beetles in Belgium has relied upon felling... more ABSTRACT Until recently, the management of spruce bark beetles in Belgium has relied upon felling, debarking and removal of susceptible or infested material, and in a number of cases, on the use of pheromone traps. Gradually, due to the cost of manpower, on-site debarking has been replaced by lindane spraying. Experimental work to design new management techniques was started in 1989, when plans were developed by the Regional Government of Wallonie to ban lindane from the forest. Later on, in February 1990, severe storms causing 2.6 millions cubic meters of spruce windfalls considerably increased the need for improved control methods. As a result, a co-operative research project was setup to investigate the possibility of using poisoned trap-trees for protecting timber or live stands. To date, several pyrethroids with sufficient remanence have been provisonally selected for use against Ips typographus and Trypodendron lineatum. Lying and standing trap trees (insecticide-treated and bearing a pheromone dispenser) have been tested, particularly against I. typographus. The spatial distribution of insects landing around the pheromone dispensers and subsequently killed was analysed and hence, the total numbers caught were estimated. These results were compared to the catches of artificial traps, showing that trap trees catch 2–14 times as many I. typographus as traps. To establish a measure of the impact of trap trees on bark beetles, the size of overwintering I. typographus populations was estimated by sampling both the bark of trees attacked late in the summer 1990, and the litter around these trees. In June-July, each trap tree caught on average slightly less than the overwintering population from one tree attacked in late 1990. Guidelines for trap tree establishment could probably be derived from these assessments. Trap tree impact on natural enemies has been analysed in one site. Numbers of parasites and predators represented 2.5% of the number of I. typographus caught. Presently, removal of infested material and trap tree deployment are standard methods used by the Regional Forest Service in Wallonie.ZusammenfassungVerhaltensmodifizierende Duftstoffe und der Integrierte Pflanzenschutz gegen Ips typographus (L.) (Col., Scolytidae) in BelgienBis vor kurzem bestanden Maßnahmen gegen Fichtenborkenkäfer aus Fällen, Entrinden und Entfernen von anfälligem oder befallenem Material sowie - in einer Reihe von Fällen - in der Anwendung von Pheromonfallen. Aufgrund der Arbeitskosten wurde das Entrinden vor Ort mehr und mehr durch Lindanbehandlung ersetzt. 1989, als die Regionalregierung von Wallonien plante, die Anwendung von Lindan im Wald zu untersagen, wurden Versuche zur Entwicklung neuer Gegenmaßnahmen begonnen. Wenig später, im Februar 1990, verursachten heftige Stürme 2,6 Millionen Kubikmeter Windwurf und damit den Bedarf für verbesserte Gegenmaßnahmen. Ein kooperatives Forschungsprojekt befaßte sich deshalb mit der Möglichkeit, waldlagerndes oder stehendes Holz durch begiftete Fangbäume vor Befall zu schützen. Verschiedene Pyrethroide mit hinreichender Dauerwirkung wurden vorläufig zur Anwendung gegen Ips typographus und Trypodendron lineatum ausgewaält. Liegende und stehende Fangbäume (insektizidbehandelt und mit Pheromondispensern versehen) wurden erprobt, besonders gegen Ips typographus. Die räumliche Ausbreitung der um die Pheromondispenser herum landenden und schließlich abgetüteten Insekten wurde erfaßt und hieraus auf die Gesamtfangzahl geschlossen. Diese Ergebnisse wurden mit den Fangzahlen aus Fallen verglichen; es zeigte sich, daß die Fangbäume das 2- bis 14fache an Ips typographus fingen als die Fallen. Um den Umfang der Auswirkung der Fangbäume auf die Borkenkäfer zu erfassen, wurde die Dichte der überwinternden I. typographus-Population mit Hilfe von Rindenproben aus dem Spätsommer-Befall 1990 und Streuproben vom Stammfuß geschätzt. Im Juni-Juli fing jeder Fangbaum geringfügig weniger als die überwinternde Population in einem später befallenen Baum. Hieraus lassen sich wahrscheinlich Richtlinien für die Fangbaumauswahl herleiten. Auf einer Fläche wurde die Wirkung der Fangbäume auf natürliche Feinde analysiert. Die Zahl der Parasiten und Predatoren betrug 2,5% der gefangenen I. typographus. Gegenwärtig gehürten die Entfernung befallenen Materials und die Anwendung von Fangbäumen zu den Standardmethoden des regionalen Forstdienstes in Wallonien.

Research paper thumbnail of Présence du frelon asiatique Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 en région de Bruxelles-Capitale, bilan de sa progression en Belgique et sa découverte au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Lambillonea, 2020

The occurrence of the Asian hornet, Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836, in the Brussels-Capital regi... more The occurrence of the Asian hornet, Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836, in the Brussels-Capital region and the results of its progression in Belgium until the end of 2019 are presented. A brief biology of the species is recalled. The criteria for distinguishing it from its closest species in Belgium, the European hornet, Vespa crabro Linnaeus, 1758 and the bush wasp, Dolichovespula media (Retz, 1783), are underlined. The four European hornet species are also pictured. An addendum about its discovery in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in september 2020 is provided at the end of the paper.

Research paper thumbnail of Contribution to the knowledge of Agrypninae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) with description of new species and new records from Pakistan

Research paper thumbnail of Volatile compounds in the larval frass ofDendroctonus valens andDendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to oviposition by the predator,Rhizophagus grandis (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae)

Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1991

During a laboratory study evaluating Rhizophagus grandis (a specific native predator of the Euras... more During a laboratory study evaluating Rhizophagus grandis (a specific native predator of the Eurasian bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans), as a potential biocontrol agent against the North American bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, it was found that feeding larvae and laboratory-produced frass of the potential prey elicited very high oviposition responses in the predator. Comparative chemical analysis of this laboratory-produced larval frass revealed that one major volatile compound, (-)-fenchone, is associated with the larvae of both Dendroctonus species. D. micans also generated pinocamphone while oxygenated monoterpenes in the frass of D. valens were camphor, cis-4-thujanol, fenchol, terpinen-4-ol, myrtenal, pinocarvone, bomeol, GRI~GOIRE ET AL. verbenone, piperitone, campholenaldehyde, trans-myrtanol, cis-myrtanol, p-cymen-8-ol and 5-oxo-camphor. This range of prey-produced compounds with a possible biological effect on R. grandis was narrowed down subsequent to comparative analysis of field-collected larval frass. (-)-Fenchone, pinocamphone, camphor, terpinen-4-ol, borneol, fenchol, and verbenone were found to be common to both prey species. A mixture of these seven components was tested in a bioassay, where it elicited as much oviposition as did larval frass of D. micans. The oviposition stimulants for R. grandis are thus clearly among the mixture's constituents.

Research paper thumbnail of A sampling technique to estimate within-tree populations of pre-emergent Ips typographus (Col., Scolytidae)

Journal of Applied Entomology, 1996

ABSTRACT : A sampling method was designed to assess within-tree pre-emergent adult populations of... more ABSTRACT : A sampling method was designed to assess within-tree pre-emergent adult populations of Ips typographus in Belgium. In a first series of 6 standing, attacked trees, a large number of 1 dm2 samples (56–171 samples, according to tree) were collected and analysed. Sets of samples were selected at random with successive increments of one unit among the samples from each tree, and the mean numbers of beetles and standard deviations in each of these random sets were used to calculate changes in sampling precision as the number of samples in a set increased. For each tree, there was an excellent fit with a power function linking sampling error and number of samples in each set. Fifty random samples per tree allowed estimates of the mean with an error of 9–24%. Further analysis of sample variation along and around the trunks showed that beetle density did not vary around but along the trunks, suggesting that sampling should not be totally random but should take into account longitudinal changes in beetle populations on attacked trees. At each level of each tree, sets of samples were selected at random with successive increments of one unit to calculate changes in sampling precision. At any level along the trunks, taking four 1 dm2 samples yielded estimates with an error inferior to 10%. To validate the conclusions drawn from these results, eight other trees were then sampled at regular intervals along the trunk. A total of 43–56 samples were taken per tree, yielding estimates with a computed error of 9–13% of the mean. Beetle density along the trunks was found to increase linearly along the basal portions of the infested stems (15% of the infested stem), remain constant along the following 65% of the infested stems, and decrease linearly along the terminal 20%. Taking all this information into account, the total pre-emergent beetle population in each tree was estimated. Total beetle production per tree ranged from 35 000–72000.

Research paper thumbnail of Semiochemicals and the management of Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Col., Rhizophagidae) for the biocontrol of Dendroctonus micans Kug. (Col., Scolytidae)

Journal of Applied Entomology, 1992

ABSTRACT Semiochemicals can be exploited for rearing and monitoring natural enemies involved in b... more ABSTRACT Semiochemicals can be exploited for rearing and monitoring natural enemies involved in biological control. The predator Rhizophagus grandis, which is used against Dendroctonus micans, is now artificially mass-produced using synthetic oviposition stimuli. Recent results from the laboratory and the field also suggest that R. grandis population levels could be monitored using synthetic attractants.ZusammenfassungVerhaltensmodifizierende Duftstoffe im Management von Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Col., Rhizophagidae) zur biologischen Bekämpfung von Dendroctonus micans Kug. (Col., Scolytidae)Duftstoffe können in der Zucht und in der Überwachung natürlicher Feinde bei der biologischen Bekämpfung eingesetzt werden. Der räuberische Rhizophagus grandis, der gegen Dendroctonus micans eingesetzt wird, ist heute Gegenstand künstlicher Massenzuchten, bei denen synthetische Eiablagestimulantien verwendet werden. Neuere Ergebnisse aus Labor und Freiland weisen darauf hin, daß die Populationsdichten von R. grandis mit synthetischen Lockstoffen ermittelt werden können.

Research paper thumbnail of Notes on Species of Cardiophorinae (Candèze, 1860) From Pakistan with Description of a New Species (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and New Records

Pakistan J. Zool, 2011

A new species of genus Cardiophorus Eschscholtz is described from Punjab, Pakistan with special r... more A new species of genus Cardiophorus Eschscholtz is described from Punjab, Pakistan with special reference to its male and female genitalia. The present new species is compared to its closest allied species. A key to all the species of genus Cardiophorus Eschscholtz from Pakistan is formulated and the relationship of the present new species is also briefly discussed. Notes on other species of Cardiophorinae are given and new country records for Pakistan are provided.

Research paper thumbnail of Semiochemicals and the integrated management of Ips typographus (L.) (Col., Scolytidae) in Belgium

Journal of Applied Entomology, 1992

ABSTRACT Until recently, the management of spruce bark beetles in Belgium has relied upon felling... more ABSTRACT Until recently, the management of spruce bark beetles in Belgium has relied upon felling, debarking and removal of susceptible or infested material, and in a number of cases, on the use of pheromone traps. Gradually, due to the cost of manpower, on-site debarking has been replaced by lindane spraying. Experimental work to design new management techniques was started in 1989, when plans were developed by the Regional Government of Wallonie to ban lindane from the forest. Later on, in February 1990, severe storms causing 2.6 millions cubic meters of spruce windfalls considerably increased the need for improved control methods. As a result, a co-operative research project was setup to investigate the possibility of using poisoned trap-trees for protecting timber or live stands. To date, several pyrethroids with sufficient remanence have been provisonally selected for use against Ips typographus and Trypodendron lineatum. Lying and standing trap trees (insecticide-treated and bearing a pheromone dispenser) have been tested, particularly against I. typographus. The spatial distribution of insects landing around the pheromone dispensers and subsequently killed was analysed and hence, the total numbers caught were estimated. These results were compared to the catches of artificial traps, showing that trap trees catch 2–14 times as many I. typographus as traps. To establish a measure of the impact of trap trees on bark beetles, the size of overwintering I. typographus populations was estimated by sampling both the bark of trees attacked late in the summer 1990, and the litter around these trees. In June-July, each trap tree caught on average slightly less than the overwintering population from one tree attacked in late 1990. Guidelines for trap tree establishment could probably be derived from these assessments. Trap tree impact on natural enemies has been analysed in one site. Numbers of parasites and predators represented 2.5% of the number of I. typographus caught. Presently, removal of infested material and trap tree deployment are standard methods used by the Regional Forest Service in Wallonie.ZusammenfassungVerhaltensmodifizierende Duftstoffe und der Integrierte Pflanzenschutz gegen Ips typographus (L.) (Col., Scolytidae) in BelgienBis vor kurzem bestanden Maßnahmen gegen Fichtenborkenkäfer aus Fällen, Entrinden und Entfernen von anfälligem oder befallenem Material sowie - in einer Reihe von Fällen - in der Anwendung von Pheromonfallen. Aufgrund der Arbeitskosten wurde das Entrinden vor Ort mehr und mehr durch Lindanbehandlung ersetzt. 1989, als die Regionalregierung von Wallonien plante, die Anwendung von Lindan im Wald zu untersagen, wurden Versuche zur Entwicklung neuer Gegenmaßnahmen begonnen. Wenig später, im Februar 1990, verursachten heftige Stürme 2,6 Millionen Kubikmeter Windwurf und damit den Bedarf für verbesserte Gegenmaßnahmen. Ein kooperatives Forschungsprojekt befaßte sich deshalb mit der Möglichkeit, waldlagerndes oder stehendes Holz durch begiftete Fangbäume vor Befall zu schützen. Verschiedene Pyrethroide mit hinreichender Dauerwirkung wurden vorläufig zur Anwendung gegen Ips typographus und Trypodendron lineatum ausgewaält. Liegende und stehende Fangbäume (insektizidbehandelt und mit Pheromondispensern versehen) wurden erprobt, besonders gegen Ips typographus. Die räumliche Ausbreitung der um die Pheromondispenser herum landenden und schließlich abgetüteten Insekten wurde erfaßt und hieraus auf die Gesamtfangzahl geschlossen. Diese Ergebnisse wurden mit den Fangzahlen aus Fallen verglichen; es zeigte sich, daß die Fangbäume das 2- bis 14fache an Ips typographus fingen als die Fallen. Um den Umfang der Auswirkung der Fangbäume auf die Borkenkäfer zu erfassen, wurde die Dichte der überwinternden I. typographus-Population mit Hilfe von Rindenproben aus dem Spätsommer-Befall 1990 und Streuproben vom Stammfuß geschätzt. Im Juni-Juli fing jeder Fangbaum geringfügig weniger als die überwinternde Population in einem später befallenen Baum. Hieraus lassen sich wahrscheinlich Richtlinien für die Fangbaumauswahl herleiten. Auf einer Fläche wurde die Wirkung der Fangbäume auf natürliche Feinde analysiert. Die Zahl der Parasiten und Predatoren betrug 2,5% der gefangenen I. typographus. Gegenwärtig gehürten die Entfernung befallenen Materials und die Anwendung von Fangbäumen zu den Standardmethoden des regionalen Forstdienstes in Wallonien.