Amin Elzaki - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Amin Elzaki

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

International Journal of Research and Review

The need to use electromagnetic radiation in clinical practices indicates the defense from the el... more The need to use electromagnetic radiation in clinical practices indicates the defense from the electromagnetic radiation itself which have a destructive impact on the human tissue and brain. Therefore, the wearable aprons as electromagnetic shields are the protective gears required to enhance their blend and structure to attain effective shielding. The aprons that are made of textile materials are widely considering protecting from electromagnetic radiation. In this context, conventional textile-materials are not appropriate, but their adaptations, which are in the form of composites, are utilized. The contemporary literature contributed by the recent past research works has several methods of making textile electromagnetic radiation shield. Recent innovations of conductive polymer application in electromagnetic radiation shielding were considered. The treating of textile materials by conductive polymer displayed higher electrical property in the form of electromagnetic radiation sh...

IJAR - Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2014

40-years old female pregnant woman, G III para II. 34 weeks gestational age was scanned by ultras... more 40-years old female pregnant woman, G III para II. 34 weeks gestational age was scanned by ultrasound machine by curved linear probe with frequency 3.5 MHz, no past or family history of similar condition.No previous ultrasound done for her. (US) revealed that ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions and polyhydramnios are present.

Journal of Medical Case Reports

Abstract: A 9 years old male scanned by ultra sound (U/S) for , abdomen and diagnosed as abdomina... more Abstract: A 9 years old male scanned by ultra sound (U/S) for , abdomen and diagnosed as abdominal mass. The patient was also scanned by 64 slices Computed Tomography (CT). A Computerized Tomography Urogram (CTU) and Computerized Tomography Angiogram (CTA) revealed that there was horseshoe kidney. Keywords: U/S, CTU, CTA

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science

Background: Diuretic renography using 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3) is a relatively... more Background: Diuretic renography using 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3) is a relatively non-invasive technique and has been increasingly used as a reliable technique for the evaluation of kidney function in a wide range of kidney disorders. Methods: In this retrospective study, we retrieved the medical records of patients referred to the Radiology Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia, with suspected kidney disease and underwent 99mTc-MAG3 diuretic renography during January 2020 to November 2021. Results: The medical records of 260 patients were retrieved. Most of the patients had either suspected obstructive (n = 80; 30.7 %) or non-obstructive hydronephrosis (n = 60; 23.1 %). The left kidney was affected in more than half of the patients (n = 155; 59.6 %). In terms of split kidney functions, the right kidney had a median function of 50.9 (38.5–75.5); overall, 39 patients (69.6%) had good right kidney function. The left kidney had ...

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Digital health systems such as tablet devices, smartphones, and online websites, are swiftly tran... more Digital health systems such as tablet devices, smartphones, and online websites, are swiftly transforming the practice of medical science and reshaping health care approaches. A PRISMA guidelines-based systematic review was conducted using research databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) to identify the applications and fill the literature gap in Gastroenterological disorders. A total of 212 articles were searched, excluding duplicate records, sixty nine articles were founded out of which only fifteen were selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk of a bias assessment tool called ROBVIS 2 is used to examine the risk of predisposition and precision of all the fifteen studies included. Most of the patients in these trials were females, educated, and have inflammatory bowel diseases. These clinical studies concentrated on Ulcerative colitis (n=5), Crohn's disease (n=4), and inflammatory bowel disease (n=6) with feedback of mostly 3 months (n=5) a...

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Background: The clinical show of illnesses including the thoracic aorta goes from countless patie... more Background: The clinical show of illnesses including the thoracic aorta goes from countless patients who have no symptoms, having a medically imperceptible thoracic part of the Arora to victims with side effects of extreme ribcage torment because of intense aortic analysis. Objective: A retrospective study was conducted in computed tomography CT departments of three hospitals to quantify the average thoracic aorta width in the population of Sudan to compare it with international measurements. Methodology: The data collected from 500 randomly selected non-pathological patients were analyzed by the SPSS program and presented in tables and figures. Results: Results revealed that the diameter of the aorta is affected by the body length, age of the patient, and weight, except the gender which is a non-significant factor. Also, the typical size of the plunging part of the Aorta was 12.17±1.78 cm, the proximal diameter of the aorta was 2.51±0.56 cm, the focus width was 2.08±0.41 cm, and th...

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly worldwide, and it has become a greater ri... more The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly worldwide, and it has become a greater risk for human beings. To curb the community transmission of this virus, rapid detection and identification of the affected people via a quick diagnostic process are necessary. Media studies have shown that most COVID-19 victims endure lung disease. For rapid identification of the affected patient, chest CT scans and X-ray images have been reported to be suitable techniques. However, chest X-ray (CXR) shows more convenience than the CT imaging techniques because it has faster imaging times than CT and is also simple and cost-effective. Literature shows that transfer learning is one of the most successful techniques to analyze chest X-ray images and correctly identify various types of pneumonia. Since SVM has a remarkable aspect that tremendously provides good results using a small data set thus in this study we have used SVM machine learning algorithm to diagnose COVID-19 from chest X-ray images. The image processing tool called RGB and SqueezeNet models were used to get more images to diagnose the available data set. Our adopted model shows an accuracy of 98.8% to detect the COVID-19 affected patient from CXR images. It is expected that our proposed computer-aided detection tool (CAT) will play a key role in reducing the spread of infectious diseases in society through a faster patient screening process.

Head injuries are the main causes of death in Sudan. The emergency neurosurgery department of Tea... more Head injuries are the main causes of death in Sudan. The emergency neurosurgery department of Teaching Khartoum Hospital , is the only specialized department in Sudan , which deals with the management of head injury patients. The objective of the study is to maintain the efficiency of CT in diagnosing head injuries as a first accurate radiological Investigation in emergency department. This study is descriptive case study concerning patients with head injuries in order to compare between CT and conventional skull x-ray investigations. The incidence of the head injuries is higher in males rather than females, and the occurrence had been at the age of 16-30 years. Most of the head injuries were caused by road traffic accidents (RTA) (158 cases – 63.2%). No difference between the CT scanning and the conventional skull x-ray in demonstrating the linear fractures of the skull (100% to 98.7%). The incidence of the head injuries is higher in males rather than females, and the occurrence ha...

Omphalocele is an anterior abdominal wall defect at the base of the umbilical cord, with herniati... more Omphalocele is an anterior abdominal wall defect at the base of the umbilical cord, with herniation of the abdominal contents. We report a case of a 39-year old gravida 7 para 6 +0 of Sudan origin who presented complain of amenorrhea for 6mnoths and LMP = 27/11/2011, decreased fetal movement and subrapubic pain.

Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases, 2012

Background and study aim: Goitre has been recognized in Sudan as a public health problem since th... more Background and study aim: Goitre has been recognized in Sudan as a public health problem since the 1950's. Nationwide surveys on goitre were launched and various approaches in the quest for a solution to the problem were applied. Still, the number of goitrous individuals continues to grow each year. This article sheds lights and reiterates the frequency of goitre in Sudanese in the basis of scintigraphy and biopsy. The statistical findings should be especially useful to professionals in endemic medicine and endocrinology. Patients and methods: The study was conducted at the Radiation and Isotope Center (RICK), Khartoum. A total of 400 patients received 2 mCi of Tc 99m Pertechnetate intravenously. Imaging was performed using a Nucline gamma camera computer system with general purpose parallel hole collimator. Biopsy was carried out by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) with the guidance of ultrasonography. Results: Goitre was more among females (88.8 %) as compared to males (11.2%) with a female: male ratio of 8:1. Goitre increased in the age group 20-40 with an average age of 35 years. Scintigraphy revealed diffuse goitre in 57.5% , multi nodular goitre in 37.5% and a single (solitary) thyroid nodule in 5% of the sample studied. Toxic goitre was reported in 4% of the patients while the rest were diagnosed as non-toxic goitre. The biopsy results showed that 8% of nodular goitres were malignant and the rest had cystic or degenerative changes only. Conclusion: The study suggests that goitre in its major kinds, diffuse or nodular have the same frequency scintigraphically. Thyroid malignancy within nodular goitre remains in the minimum level. The goitre sill remains a major public health issue in Sudan and implementing iodine prophylaxis programs must be more activated.

Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2011

Jaundice (icterus) is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the... more Jaundice (icterus) is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes caused by increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood. Jaundice is considered a sign of an underlying disease process. Jaundice is detectable clinically when the serum bilirubin is greater than 50μmol/L (3mg/dL). Aims: the objectives were to assess the accuracy of ultrasound U/S and Endoscope Retrograde Cholangio-Pancratography ERCP , to diagnose site and cause of biliary obstruction. Methodology: Prospective, analytical, study deal with the Comparison between U/S and ERCP to diagnose obstructive jaundice. The study was performed by abdominal U/S and ERCP for thirty patients with signs and symptoms of obstructive jaundice. Results: The study found that obstructive jaundice was the most common in elderly ages especially over 65 years. Females were forming (53.3%) VS (46.7%) males. Abdominal U/S of showed that (77.7%) of the patients had dilated common bile duct CBD but ERCP showed (76.7%). Abdominal U/S showed that (50%) of the patients had stone in CBD and (20%) carcinoma head of pancreas while ERCP showed (36.7%) of the patients with stone and (23.3%) had carcinoma head of pancreas. Accuracy of ERCP in diagnosing obstructive jaundice was (80%) while U/S accuracy was (70%). Conclusion :U/S examinations should be done before ERCP. ERCP procedure is needed for treatment only, however good sterilization and safety considerations must be achieved to avoid the complications. INTRODUCTION Jaundice (icterus) is detectable clinically when the serum bilirubin is greater than 50μmol/L (3mg/dL). The usual division of jaundice into prehepatic, hepatocellular and obstructive (cholestatic) is an over simplification as in hepatocellular jaundice there is invariably cholestasis and the clinical problem is whether the cholestasis is intrahepatic or extra hepatic [1]. Jaundice will therefore be considered under the following headings: haemolyticjaundiceincreased bilirubin load for the liver cells, congenital hyperbilirubinaemias defects in conjugation, cholestatic jaundice, including hepatocellular (parenchymal) liver disease and large duct obstruction [1]. The principal role of imaging in the jaundiced patient is the identification and detailed assessment of major bile duct obstruction. The clinical suspicion is based on a variable combination of dark urine, pale stools, pruritus, cholangitis and cholestatic liver function tests. Ultrasound U/S is the preferred initial imaging investigation, but will usually be supplemented with a combination of computed tomography CT, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography MRCP, direct cholangiography and, in some centers, endoscopic and/ or intraoperativ U/S [2]. U/S has replaced Oral cholecystography OCG for the diagnosis of gallstones and in many centers the oral contrast agents are no longer available. When extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was popular OCG was used to prove cystic duct patency, which was necessary for the passage of stone fragments. More recently oral contrast agents have been used for computed tomography CT cholangiography, although most centers use intravenous cholangiography IV biliary contrast agents[2]. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERCP: ERCP provides direct opacification of bile ducts and pancreatic ducts with success rates of 92–97 per cent. It provides dynamic information during contrast medium introduction and drainage. It allows visual assessment of the duodenum and ampulla of Vater and provides an option for biopsy and brushings, as well as interventional procedures such as sphincterotomy and stone extraction, biliary stenting and biliary stricture dilatation [2]. Complication rates vary depending on the indication for the procedure, the presence of co-existing disease and the experience of the endoscopist, with severe complication rates of 0.9 per cent to 2.3 per cent, and total complication rates of 8.4–11.1 per cent, the most common significant complication being pancreatitis. The main diagnostic pitfall with ERCP is the under filling of ducts above a stricture [2]. The biliary system is one of the main systems in body, any problem in bile duct such as obstruction in Taif University College OF Applied Medical Science TaIF KSA P O BOX 2425 Post Code 21944 common bile duct may be effect on the liver which formed the largest gland in the body and filter any toxic substance before turn to the blood circulation, may be extend effect the biliary system to the pancreas [3]. The current study mainly aimed to assess the accuracy of U/S and ERCP in determining biliary obstruction. METHODOLOGY Prospective, analytical, study deal with the U/S and ERCP procedures for diagnosing obstructive jaundice. The target population of this study were consecutive patients

Open Journal of Radiology, 2014

Astrocytomas are tumors that arise from astrocytes-star-shaped cells that make up the "glue-like"... more Astrocytomas are tumors that arise from astrocytes-star-shaped cells that make up the "glue-like" or supportive tissue of the brain. Astrocytomas can appear in various parts of the brain and nervous system, including the cerebellum, the cerebrum, the central areas of the brain, the brainstem and the spinal cord. The main objective of this study was to detect the sensitivity of the CT scan in diagnosis of the brain astrocytoma, in patients who were confirmed as brain gliomas using computerized tomography of the brain versus brain tissue biopsy after surgery. One hundred and one patients were included in this study. Bio-data collected for these patients (age, gender), radiographic appearance, contrast enhancement and the site of the tumor, were statistically analyzed. Out of the 101 patients with brain gliomas, 52 (51.5%) were male whose ages ranged between 1 and 80 years, and 64 (63.4%) cases were diagnosed as astrocytoma by CT. This study concluded that the CT brain was sensitive in the diagnosis of brain astrocytomas.

Dubai Medical Journal

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer that accounts for nearly 10% of t... more Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer that accounts for nearly 10% of the cancers, with 1.36 million people worldwide. Nodal status (N-stage) evaluation was inferior between observers, which considered CT scanning a good N-stage. We hypothesized that CRC patients’ preoperative CT scan imaging predicts the nodal and metastatic stage. Methods: This noninterventional retrospective study was carried out using patients’ medical records, including medical history and results of diagnostic tests, and preoperative clinical and pathological stages. All direct identifiers have been removed from all patient data. This study included 96 patients who underwent resection curative surgery for CRC at the Tertiary Hospital, Sudan, between March 2009 and December 2020. Results: The median age was 69 years (47–74 years), and 49 (51.04%) were female. The tumor stage of the patients was 4, 11, 74, and 7 as T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. A total of 38 patients with a malignan...

Based on 1988 cross-sectional data, the lifetime economic costs of Down’s syndrome DS have been e... more Based on 1988 cross-sectional data, the lifetime economic costs of Down’s syndrome DS have been estimated to be $410,000 per case. With a poor Sudanese society, such a like high cost investigations are not available in Sudanese hospitals. By the other hand, the risk for DS and certain other chromosome anomalies increases substantially with advancing maternal age. Once again the maternal age of the Sudanese women is increasing in the last two decades. So that screening test during pregnancy is becoming highly recommended to avoid such pregnancies. The purpose of the study is to establish a local reference values for Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin HCG and Alpha Fetoprotein AFP, in the first trimester of gestation to evaluate the use of these two serum markers as a method of choice for screening early detection of fetal DS at the same gestational age. A maternal serum of 194 women was obtained. Samples were taken at the first trimester and both HCG and AFP were evaluated by score ...

Catalysts

Over the past few decades, the synthesis and potential applications of nanocatalysts have receive... more Over the past few decades, the synthesis and potential applications of nanocatalysts have received great attention from the scientific community. Many well-established methods are extensively utilized for the synthesis of nanocatalysts. However, most conventional physical and chemical methods have some drawbacks, such as the toxicity of precursor materials, the requirement of high-temperature environments, and the high cost of synthesis, which ultimately hinder their fruitful applications in various fields. Bioinspired synthesis is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and requires a low energy/temperature ambient. Various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae are used as nano-factories and can provide a novel method for the synthesis of different types of nanocatalysts. The synthesized nanocatalysts can be further utilized in various applications such as the removal of heavy metals, treatment of industrial effluents, fabrication of materials with unique properties, biomedical, ...

The x-ray request form is an essential tool for communicating patient data and clinical indicatio... more The x-ray request form is an essential tool for communicating patient data and clinical indication from the referring physicians to radiologic departments and reduction of unnecessary radiation dose to the patient. This study aimed to evaluate the applied x-ray request form formula and to compare between the applied and standard request forms in different radiology departments. Numbers of elements of x-ray request form to be evaluated were assessed and questionnaire forms for technologist and physicians were distributed and data were analyzed using simple statistical method" percentage". The results of the evaluation of the applied x-ray request form filling elements including (patient full name, age, sex, history, condition, clinical indication, LMP, date of the examination previous x-ray exams, Physician name and clearness of requested exam) were found to be 80%, 60%, 60%, 30%, 30%, 100%, 100% respectively. The total results filling of evaluation of all patient informati...

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Several coronaviruses (CoVs) have been associated with serious health hazards in recent decades, ... more Several coronaviruses (CoVs) have been associated with serious health hazards in recent decades, resulting in the deaths of thousands around the globe. The recent coronavirus pandemic has emphasized the importance of discovering novel and effective antiviral medicines as quickly as possible to prevent more loss of human lives. Positive-sense RNA viruses with group spikes protruding from their surfaces and an abnormally large RNA genome enclose CoVs. CoVs have already been related to a range of respiratory infectious diseases possibly fatal to humans, such as MERS, SARS, and the current COVID-19 outbreak. As a result, effective prevention, treatment, and medications against human coronavirus (HCoV) is urgently needed. In recent years, many natural substances have been discovered with a variety of biological significance, including antiviral properties. Throughout this work, we reviewed a wide range of natural substances that interrupt the life cycles for MERS and SARS, as well as the...

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

International Journal of Research and Review

The need to use electromagnetic radiation in clinical practices indicates the defense from the el... more The need to use electromagnetic radiation in clinical practices indicates the defense from the electromagnetic radiation itself which have a destructive impact on the human tissue and brain. Therefore, the wearable aprons as electromagnetic shields are the protective gears required to enhance their blend and structure to attain effective shielding. The aprons that are made of textile materials are widely considering protecting from electromagnetic radiation. In this context, conventional textile-materials are not appropriate, but their adaptations, which are in the form of composites, are utilized. The contemporary literature contributed by the recent past research works has several methods of making textile electromagnetic radiation shield. Recent innovations of conductive polymer application in electromagnetic radiation shielding were considered. The treating of textile materials by conductive polymer displayed higher electrical property in the form of electromagnetic radiation sh...

IJAR - Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2014

40-years old female pregnant woman, G III para II. 34 weeks gestational age was scanned by ultras... more 40-years old female pregnant woman, G III para II. 34 weeks gestational age was scanned by ultrasound machine by curved linear probe with frequency 3.5 MHz, no past or family history of similar condition.No previous ultrasound done for her. (US) revealed that ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions and polyhydramnios are present.

Journal of Medical Case Reports

Abstract: A 9 years old male scanned by ultra sound (U/S) for , abdomen and diagnosed as abdomina... more Abstract: A 9 years old male scanned by ultra sound (U/S) for , abdomen and diagnosed as abdominal mass. The patient was also scanned by 64 slices Computed Tomography (CT). A Computerized Tomography Urogram (CTU) and Computerized Tomography Angiogram (CTA) revealed that there was horseshoe kidney. Keywords: U/S, CTU, CTA

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science

Background: Diuretic renography using 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3) is a relatively... more Background: Diuretic renography using 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3) is a relatively non-invasive technique and has been increasingly used as a reliable technique for the evaluation of kidney function in a wide range of kidney disorders. Methods: In this retrospective study, we retrieved the medical records of patients referred to the Radiology Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia, with suspected kidney disease and underwent 99mTc-MAG3 diuretic renography during January 2020 to November 2021. Results: The medical records of 260 patients were retrieved. Most of the patients had either suspected obstructive (n = 80; 30.7 %) or non-obstructive hydronephrosis (n = 60; 23.1 %). The left kidney was affected in more than half of the patients (n = 155; 59.6 %). In terms of split kidney functions, the right kidney had a median function of 50.9 (38.5–75.5); overall, 39 patients (69.6%) had good right kidney function. The left kidney had ...

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Digital health systems such as tablet devices, smartphones, and online websites, are swiftly tran... more Digital health systems such as tablet devices, smartphones, and online websites, are swiftly transforming the practice of medical science and reshaping health care approaches. A PRISMA guidelines-based systematic review was conducted using research databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) to identify the applications and fill the literature gap in Gastroenterological disorders. A total of 212 articles were searched, excluding duplicate records, sixty nine articles were founded out of which only fifteen were selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk of a bias assessment tool called ROBVIS 2 is used to examine the risk of predisposition and precision of all the fifteen studies included. Most of the patients in these trials were females, educated, and have inflammatory bowel diseases. These clinical studies concentrated on Ulcerative colitis (n=5), Crohn's disease (n=4), and inflammatory bowel disease (n=6) with feedback of mostly 3 months (n=5) a...

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Background: The clinical show of illnesses including the thoracic aorta goes from countless patie... more Background: The clinical show of illnesses including the thoracic aorta goes from countless patients who have no symptoms, having a medically imperceptible thoracic part of the Arora to victims with side effects of extreme ribcage torment because of intense aortic analysis. Objective: A retrospective study was conducted in computed tomography CT departments of three hospitals to quantify the average thoracic aorta width in the population of Sudan to compare it with international measurements. Methodology: The data collected from 500 randomly selected non-pathological patients were analyzed by the SPSS program and presented in tables and figures. Results: Results revealed that the diameter of the aorta is affected by the body length, age of the patient, and weight, except the gender which is a non-significant factor. Also, the typical size of the plunging part of the Aorta was 12.17±1.78 cm, the proximal diameter of the aorta was 2.51±0.56 cm, the focus width was 2.08±0.41 cm, and th...

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly worldwide, and it has become a greater ri... more The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly worldwide, and it has become a greater risk for human beings. To curb the community transmission of this virus, rapid detection and identification of the affected people via a quick diagnostic process are necessary. Media studies have shown that most COVID-19 victims endure lung disease. For rapid identification of the affected patient, chest CT scans and X-ray images have been reported to be suitable techniques. However, chest X-ray (CXR) shows more convenience than the CT imaging techniques because it has faster imaging times than CT and is also simple and cost-effective. Literature shows that transfer learning is one of the most successful techniques to analyze chest X-ray images and correctly identify various types of pneumonia. Since SVM has a remarkable aspect that tremendously provides good results using a small data set thus in this study we have used SVM machine learning algorithm to diagnose COVID-19 from chest X-ray images. The image processing tool called RGB and SqueezeNet models were used to get more images to diagnose the available data set. Our adopted model shows an accuracy of 98.8% to detect the COVID-19 affected patient from CXR images. It is expected that our proposed computer-aided detection tool (CAT) will play a key role in reducing the spread of infectious diseases in society through a faster patient screening process.

Head injuries are the main causes of death in Sudan. The emergency neurosurgery department of Tea... more Head injuries are the main causes of death in Sudan. The emergency neurosurgery department of Teaching Khartoum Hospital , is the only specialized department in Sudan , which deals with the management of head injury patients. The objective of the study is to maintain the efficiency of CT in diagnosing head injuries as a first accurate radiological Investigation in emergency department. This study is descriptive case study concerning patients with head injuries in order to compare between CT and conventional skull x-ray investigations. The incidence of the head injuries is higher in males rather than females, and the occurrence had been at the age of 16-30 years. Most of the head injuries were caused by road traffic accidents (RTA) (158 cases – 63.2%). No difference between the CT scanning and the conventional skull x-ray in demonstrating the linear fractures of the skull (100% to 98.7%). The incidence of the head injuries is higher in males rather than females, and the occurrence ha...

Omphalocele is an anterior abdominal wall defect at the base of the umbilical cord, with herniati... more Omphalocele is an anterior abdominal wall defect at the base of the umbilical cord, with herniation of the abdominal contents. We report a case of a 39-year old gravida 7 para 6 +0 of Sudan origin who presented complain of amenorrhea for 6mnoths and LMP = 27/11/2011, decreased fetal movement and subrapubic pain.

Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases, 2012

Background and study aim: Goitre has been recognized in Sudan as a public health problem since th... more Background and study aim: Goitre has been recognized in Sudan as a public health problem since the 1950's. Nationwide surveys on goitre were launched and various approaches in the quest for a solution to the problem were applied. Still, the number of goitrous individuals continues to grow each year. This article sheds lights and reiterates the frequency of goitre in Sudanese in the basis of scintigraphy and biopsy. The statistical findings should be especially useful to professionals in endemic medicine and endocrinology. Patients and methods: The study was conducted at the Radiation and Isotope Center (RICK), Khartoum. A total of 400 patients received 2 mCi of Tc 99m Pertechnetate intravenously. Imaging was performed using a Nucline gamma camera computer system with general purpose parallel hole collimator. Biopsy was carried out by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) with the guidance of ultrasonography. Results: Goitre was more among females (88.8 %) as compared to males (11.2%) with a female: male ratio of 8:1. Goitre increased in the age group 20-40 with an average age of 35 years. Scintigraphy revealed diffuse goitre in 57.5% , multi nodular goitre in 37.5% and a single (solitary) thyroid nodule in 5% of the sample studied. Toxic goitre was reported in 4% of the patients while the rest were diagnosed as non-toxic goitre. The biopsy results showed that 8% of nodular goitres were malignant and the rest had cystic or degenerative changes only. Conclusion: The study suggests that goitre in its major kinds, diffuse or nodular have the same frequency scintigraphically. Thyroid malignancy within nodular goitre remains in the minimum level. The goitre sill remains a major public health issue in Sudan and implementing iodine prophylaxis programs must be more activated.

Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2011

Jaundice (icterus) is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the... more Jaundice (icterus) is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes caused by increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood. Jaundice is considered a sign of an underlying disease process. Jaundice is detectable clinically when the serum bilirubin is greater than 50μmol/L (3mg/dL). Aims: the objectives were to assess the accuracy of ultrasound U/S and Endoscope Retrograde Cholangio-Pancratography ERCP , to diagnose site and cause of biliary obstruction. Methodology: Prospective, analytical, study deal with the Comparison between U/S and ERCP to diagnose obstructive jaundice. The study was performed by abdominal U/S and ERCP for thirty patients with signs and symptoms of obstructive jaundice. Results: The study found that obstructive jaundice was the most common in elderly ages especially over 65 years. Females were forming (53.3%) VS (46.7%) males. Abdominal U/S of showed that (77.7%) of the patients had dilated common bile duct CBD but ERCP showed (76.7%). Abdominal U/S showed that (50%) of the patients had stone in CBD and (20%) carcinoma head of pancreas while ERCP showed (36.7%) of the patients with stone and (23.3%) had carcinoma head of pancreas. Accuracy of ERCP in diagnosing obstructive jaundice was (80%) while U/S accuracy was (70%). Conclusion :U/S examinations should be done before ERCP. ERCP procedure is needed for treatment only, however good sterilization and safety considerations must be achieved to avoid the complications. INTRODUCTION Jaundice (icterus) is detectable clinically when the serum bilirubin is greater than 50μmol/L (3mg/dL). The usual division of jaundice into prehepatic, hepatocellular and obstructive (cholestatic) is an over simplification as in hepatocellular jaundice there is invariably cholestasis and the clinical problem is whether the cholestasis is intrahepatic or extra hepatic [1]. Jaundice will therefore be considered under the following headings: haemolyticjaundiceincreased bilirubin load for the liver cells, congenital hyperbilirubinaemias defects in conjugation, cholestatic jaundice, including hepatocellular (parenchymal) liver disease and large duct obstruction [1]. The principal role of imaging in the jaundiced patient is the identification and detailed assessment of major bile duct obstruction. The clinical suspicion is based on a variable combination of dark urine, pale stools, pruritus, cholangitis and cholestatic liver function tests. Ultrasound U/S is the preferred initial imaging investigation, but will usually be supplemented with a combination of computed tomography CT, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography MRCP, direct cholangiography and, in some centers, endoscopic and/ or intraoperativ U/S [2]. U/S has replaced Oral cholecystography OCG for the diagnosis of gallstones and in many centers the oral contrast agents are no longer available. When extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was popular OCG was used to prove cystic duct patency, which was necessary for the passage of stone fragments. More recently oral contrast agents have been used for computed tomography CT cholangiography, although most centers use intravenous cholangiography IV biliary contrast agents[2]. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERCP: ERCP provides direct opacification of bile ducts and pancreatic ducts with success rates of 92–97 per cent. It provides dynamic information during contrast medium introduction and drainage. It allows visual assessment of the duodenum and ampulla of Vater and provides an option for biopsy and brushings, as well as interventional procedures such as sphincterotomy and stone extraction, biliary stenting and biliary stricture dilatation [2]. Complication rates vary depending on the indication for the procedure, the presence of co-existing disease and the experience of the endoscopist, with severe complication rates of 0.9 per cent to 2.3 per cent, and total complication rates of 8.4–11.1 per cent, the most common significant complication being pancreatitis. The main diagnostic pitfall with ERCP is the under filling of ducts above a stricture [2]. The biliary system is one of the main systems in body, any problem in bile duct such as obstruction in Taif University College OF Applied Medical Science TaIF KSA P O BOX 2425 Post Code 21944 common bile duct may be effect on the liver which formed the largest gland in the body and filter any toxic substance before turn to the blood circulation, may be extend effect the biliary system to the pancreas [3]. The current study mainly aimed to assess the accuracy of U/S and ERCP in determining biliary obstruction. METHODOLOGY Prospective, analytical, study deal with the U/S and ERCP procedures for diagnosing obstructive jaundice. The target population of this study were consecutive patients

Open Journal of Radiology, 2014

Astrocytomas are tumors that arise from astrocytes-star-shaped cells that make up the "glue-like"... more Astrocytomas are tumors that arise from astrocytes-star-shaped cells that make up the "glue-like" or supportive tissue of the brain. Astrocytomas can appear in various parts of the brain and nervous system, including the cerebellum, the cerebrum, the central areas of the brain, the brainstem and the spinal cord. The main objective of this study was to detect the sensitivity of the CT scan in diagnosis of the brain astrocytoma, in patients who were confirmed as brain gliomas using computerized tomography of the brain versus brain tissue biopsy after surgery. One hundred and one patients were included in this study. Bio-data collected for these patients (age, gender), radiographic appearance, contrast enhancement and the site of the tumor, were statistically analyzed. Out of the 101 patients with brain gliomas, 52 (51.5%) were male whose ages ranged between 1 and 80 years, and 64 (63.4%) cases were diagnosed as astrocytoma by CT. This study concluded that the CT brain was sensitive in the diagnosis of brain astrocytomas.

Dubai Medical Journal

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer that accounts for nearly 10% of t... more Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer that accounts for nearly 10% of the cancers, with 1.36 million people worldwide. Nodal status (N-stage) evaluation was inferior between observers, which considered CT scanning a good N-stage. We hypothesized that CRC patients’ preoperative CT scan imaging predicts the nodal and metastatic stage. Methods: This noninterventional retrospective study was carried out using patients’ medical records, including medical history and results of diagnostic tests, and preoperative clinical and pathological stages. All direct identifiers have been removed from all patient data. This study included 96 patients who underwent resection curative surgery for CRC at the Tertiary Hospital, Sudan, between March 2009 and December 2020. Results: The median age was 69 years (47–74 years), and 49 (51.04%) were female. The tumor stage of the patients was 4, 11, 74, and 7 as T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. A total of 38 patients with a malignan...

Based on 1988 cross-sectional data, the lifetime economic costs of Down’s syndrome DS have been e... more Based on 1988 cross-sectional data, the lifetime economic costs of Down’s syndrome DS have been estimated to be $410,000 per case. With a poor Sudanese society, such a like high cost investigations are not available in Sudanese hospitals. By the other hand, the risk for DS and certain other chromosome anomalies increases substantially with advancing maternal age. Once again the maternal age of the Sudanese women is increasing in the last two decades. So that screening test during pregnancy is becoming highly recommended to avoid such pregnancies. The purpose of the study is to establish a local reference values for Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin HCG and Alpha Fetoprotein AFP, in the first trimester of gestation to evaluate the use of these two serum markers as a method of choice for screening early detection of fetal DS at the same gestational age. A maternal serum of 194 women was obtained. Samples were taken at the first trimester and both HCG and AFP were evaluated by score ...

Catalysts

Over the past few decades, the synthesis and potential applications of nanocatalysts have receive... more Over the past few decades, the synthesis and potential applications of nanocatalysts have received great attention from the scientific community. Many well-established methods are extensively utilized for the synthesis of nanocatalysts. However, most conventional physical and chemical methods have some drawbacks, such as the toxicity of precursor materials, the requirement of high-temperature environments, and the high cost of synthesis, which ultimately hinder their fruitful applications in various fields. Bioinspired synthesis is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and requires a low energy/temperature ambient. Various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae are used as nano-factories and can provide a novel method for the synthesis of different types of nanocatalysts. The synthesized nanocatalysts can be further utilized in various applications such as the removal of heavy metals, treatment of industrial effluents, fabrication of materials with unique properties, biomedical, ...

The x-ray request form is an essential tool for communicating patient data and clinical indicatio... more The x-ray request form is an essential tool for communicating patient data and clinical indication from the referring physicians to radiologic departments and reduction of unnecessary radiation dose to the patient. This study aimed to evaluate the applied x-ray request form formula and to compare between the applied and standard request forms in different radiology departments. Numbers of elements of x-ray request form to be evaluated were assessed and questionnaire forms for technologist and physicians were distributed and data were analyzed using simple statistical method" percentage". The results of the evaluation of the applied x-ray request form filling elements including (patient full name, age, sex, history, condition, clinical indication, LMP, date of the examination previous x-ray exams, Physician name and clearness of requested exam) were found to be 80%, 60%, 60%, 30%, 30%, 100%, 100% respectively. The total results filling of evaluation of all patient informati...

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Several coronaviruses (CoVs) have been associated with serious health hazards in recent decades, ... more Several coronaviruses (CoVs) have been associated with serious health hazards in recent decades, resulting in the deaths of thousands around the globe. The recent coronavirus pandemic has emphasized the importance of discovering novel and effective antiviral medicines as quickly as possible to prevent more loss of human lives. Positive-sense RNA viruses with group spikes protruding from their surfaces and an abnormally large RNA genome enclose CoVs. CoVs have already been related to a range of respiratory infectious diseases possibly fatal to humans, such as MERS, SARS, and the current COVID-19 outbreak. As a result, effective prevention, treatment, and medications against human coronavirus (HCoV) is urgently needed. In recent years, many natural substances have been discovered with a variety of biological significance, including antiviral properties. Throughout this work, we reviewed a wide range of natural substances that interrupt the life cycles for MERS and SARS, as well as the...