A.K.M. Adham - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by A.K.M. Adham
Research on Crops
Soil moisture is critical to the growth and yield-contributing character traits of rice. However,... more Soil moisture is critical to the growth and yield-contributing character traits of rice. However, few studies have yet to outline the effects of soil texture on irrigated paddy rice cultivation under diverse conservation techniques. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the Field Irrigation Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University to investigate the water productivity and yield-contributing characteristics of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.; variety: BRRI dhan 28) during Boro season for two years with two different soil textures (silt loam, 2019 and loam, 2020) and three different irrigation techniques, namely, Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), Raised Bed (RB) and the conventional Continuous Flooding (CF). It was observed that seepage in CF treatment was higher than that of AWD and RB. Highest grain yield (6.70±0.04 t/ha) was found for 15 cm AWD treatment (irrigation applied when water level reached 15 cm below ground surface) for silt loam and the same for loam soil ...
International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 2016
A study was carried out at Panchbibiupazila in Joypurhat district, Bangladesh, where underground ... more A study was carried out at Panchbibiupazila in Joypurhat district, Bangladesh, where underground geology is limestone enriched, to investigate the effect of climate change on groundwater quality for irrigation purpose using numerical simulation model. The numerical simulation model included dispersion/diffusion, advection, ion exchange, formation of complexes in the aqueous phase, and the dissociation of water. Fifteen groundwater samples were collected from the study area to evaluate the quality parameters used for the purpose are pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and total hardness (TH). Only two samples were in dangerous category in terms of magnesium adsorption ratio. Rest of the parameters showed that groundwater is suitable for irrigation purpose. In the numerical simulation model the mass action, transport, and site action equations are expressed in a differential/algebraic form and solved by finite element method (FEM). Results revealed that the dissolution of limestone was directly proportional to the acidification of rainwater i.e. inversely proportional to the pH of rainwater. Dissolution of limestone was also proportional to the increase of intensity of rain that leads to the increase of velocity of water and vice versa. Dissolution of limestone was directly proportional to the increase of temperature as well. Among the factors that were included in the study, pH of water in contact had the maximum effect on the dissolution of limestone. The enhanced dissolution of calcium ions may be expected to block the filter of the pumping well and deteriorate the quality of groundwater as well. Water also becomes hard for increasing the dissolution of calcium ions will limit the suitability of the water for irrigation.
Paddy and Water Environment
Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 2017
A year-long survey was conducted on fish species used and fish drying activities ofgreater Sylhet... more A year-long survey was conducted on fish species used and fish drying activities ofgreater Sylhet. Data were collected from four upazilas under three districts of Sylhet divisionnamely Sylhet, Moulvibazar and Habiganj. The study revealed that fish drying methods weretraditional, undeveloped and unhygienic. A total of 21 freshwater fish species under 12 familiesand 1 prawn species were identified that were used for sun drying in the study areas 82% ofwhich were small fish. Drying of larger fishes was not common due to the scarcity and high priceof raw materials. It was also observed that fishes from Cyprinidae (18%), Bagridae (18%) andChannidae (14%) family were more abundant in the study areas because of the fish availability,price of the fish, easiness of drying and consumer demand. The study revealed that the supply offish has been decreased over the years which may impact the viability of their business. On thebasis of the findings, a number of recommendations have been suggested...
Journal of Agrometeorology
The Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation with its new definition of reference crop evapotranspiration (... more The Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation with its new definition of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is recommended by FAO as the standard method of crop water requirement calculation, and also to compare other methods. The ET0 component of the CROPWAT model, which is based on the P-M equation, was examined for sensitivity to errors in input data under the environment of a semi-humid sub-tropic region of Bangladesh. The results showed that the ET0 estimates are most sensitive to maximum temperature and least sensitive to minimum temperature. The order of sensitivity noticed is: maximum temperature > relative humidity > sunshine duration > wind speed > minimum temperature. The sensitivity coefficients showed seasonal variation. The model parameter‘Angstrom’s coefficients’ showed sensitivity to errors in single or pair values. The implications of sensitivity to ET0 estimates and in selecting appropriate method for ET0 estimation in a data-short environment are discussed.
To increase the crop production to its potential, it is needed first to know the upper limit of d... more To increase the crop production to its potential, it is needed first to know the upper limit of dry-matter production. Solar radiation data in the region of Comilla district was analyzed to estimate the potential crop production. The region received annual atmospheric radiation of 12,549 MJ/m2. Of this, 30 % reached the earth's surface as global radiation. Monthly mean daily global radiation varied from 8.4 MJ/m2/day in December to 15.2 MJ/m2/day in April. The annual global radiation received was 3792 MJ/m2. Based on 6.6 % photosynthetic efficiency, the available radiation could produce 117.4 t/ha drymatter in three crop seasons under optimum conditions of nutrition and other growth factors. Actual maximum dry-matter production during these three seasons was 32.6 t/ha (only 28 % of the solar potential). Hence, there is scope to further increase in crop production (by 260 %) in this area. Breading of crop varieties, selection of suitable crop rotations and agronomic practices can...
Solar radiation has a direct effect on plant growth and, thus, is required for many simulation mo... more Solar radiation has a direct effect on plant growth and, thus, is required for many simulation models of crop growth and productivity, and evapotranspiration. For locations where measured values are not available along temporal and/or spatial scales, it can be estimated using empirical models. This study was conducted to simulate the solar irradiance from temperature using Richardson model. The effect of seasonality was investigated by subdividing the yearly data into two subsets, wet and dry period. The calibration coefficients are comparable with the values developed elsewhere. The calibrated models were then tested against independent data sets. For the yearly data, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 1.38 MJ/m2/d compared with 1.82 MJ/m2/d for wet period and 1.33 MJ/m2/d for dry period. The percentage error for yearly data was 17 , compared with 26.6 for wet period and 14.5 for dry period. Results showed that the simulation models provide reasonably accurate estimates of irrad...
Progressive Agriculture, 2019
A study was conducted to analyze the quality of power plant disposed water for irrigation and its... more A study was conducted to analyze the quality of power plant disposed water for irrigation and its impact on the soil of Ashuganj agro-irrigation project in Bangladesh. Water samples were collected during the irrigation period and chemically analyzed for the assessment of their quality based on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), Kelley‘s ratio (KR), total hardness (TH), magnesium absorption ratio (MAR) and permeability index (PI). Most of the water samples were basically excellent in case of EC and SAR, satisfactory in respect of RSBC and good based on SSP and PI for irrigation use. The relationships between the pairs of KR-SAR, KR-SSP, and SSP-SAR of the water samples were very strong with correlation coefficient around 1. Moreover, the values of pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg and organic carbon of the soil samples were in the suitable range before and after crop cultivation. Therefore, it can b...
Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 2019
Progressive Agriculture, 2017
A study was carried out to analyze the rainfall and evapotranspiration for successful planning of... more A study was carried out to analyze the rainfall and evapotranspiration for successful planning of two aman rice varieties i.e., BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan34 in Bogra and Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) was determined by employing the FAO Penman-Monteith method. By multiplying ET0by crop coefficient (Kc) actual evapotranspiration of the two rice varieties at different growth stages was determined. Probability analysis was done by Weibulls method and the expected rainfall and actual evapotranspiration at 75% probability level were estimated for different growth stages of BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan34 for 14 years. The results revealed that the ETc varied over the total growing season. After probability analysis, the supplemental irrigation was calculated for BRRI dhan33 during mid and late stages; but for BRRI dhan34, it was calculated during development, mid and late stages in Bogra and Dinajpur districts. The study was found quite effective to...
British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2017
Aims: The focus of this study was to know usefulness of river training structures, controlling hy... more Aims: The focus of this study was to know usefulness of river training structures, controlling hydromorphological characteristics, socioeconomic benefits of inhabitants and current situation of these structures in Patuakhali District. Study Design: Evaluations were measured on hydro-morphological features of rivers, protection safety based on utility of structures, environmental and social benefits by spot visit, face to face interview and focus group discussion methods.
Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 2019
A study was carried out to evaluate the quality of groundwater and its suitability for irrigation... more A study was carried out to evaluate the quality of groundwater and its suitability for irrigation in Durgapur upazila under Netrokona district of Bangladesh. Fifteen groundwater samples were collected from different tubewells and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), major cations like Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + and anions like Cl-, SO 2-4 , PO 3-4 , CO 2-3 , HCO-3. Based on these analyses, irrigation water quality parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), total hardness (TH), Kelly's ratio (KR), permeability index (PI), potential salinity (PS) and salinity and alkalinity hazard were calculated. ArcGIS software was used to show the spatial distribution of different quality parameters across the study area. The groundwater of the study area was mildly acidic. Acidic water was observed in the northeastern part of the study area. All the groundwater samples were found to be suitable for the irrigation in terms of EC, TDS, SAR, SSP, RSC, TH, KR, PI and PS, and whereas in terms of MAR, 5 samples were in 'dangerous' category. High MAR values of groundwater were observed in the north western part of the study area. However, in terms of salinity and alkalinity hazard, all of the water samples were categorized as 'good to excellent' class for irrigation. Piper diagram showed that Ca 2+-Cltype water was the dominant form of groundwater in the study area. Gibbs diagram indicated that most of the cations and anions had a precipitation dominance origin. Overall for the groundwater samples, PIPS and SSP-KR had a very strong correlation with a correlation coefficient around 1, and whereas, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + and MAR showed a negative correlation with most of the variables. The study revealed that the quality of the groundwater of the study area is suitable for irrigation.
The effect of intensity and pH of rain on the dissolution of limestone was observed by using nume... more The effect of intensity and pH of rain on the dissolution of limestone was observed by using numerical simulation. Results showed that the rate of dissolution of limestone in natural environments may be influenced by both transport and surface-reaction process. When the acidification of the rain water progresses, the dissolution of limestone increases specially at shallow areas. Increase of intensity of water, which coincides with the increase of velocity of inlet water, caused the less increasing dissolution rate of limestone, while the transports of chemicals were increased.
International Journal of Geomate, 2011
The effect of climatic change on groundwater quality around subsurface dam area has been observed... more The effect of climatic change on groundwater quality around subsurface dam area has been observed using numerical simulation. The study is related to sustainable groundwater development from subsurface dams constructed in the south islands of Japan where limestone is the underground geology. The model includes dispersion/diffusion, advection, ion exchange, formation of complexes in the aqueous phase, and the dissociation of water. The mass action, transport, and site action equations are expressed in a differential/algebraic form and solved by FEM. Results reveal that dissolution of limestone is proportional to the acidification of rainwater i.e. inversely proportional to the pH of rainwater. The resulting increase in calcium ion concentration is expected to block the filter of the pumping well and deteriorate the quality of groundwater as well. Again, dissolution of limestone is proportional to the increase of intensity of rain that leads to the increase of velocity of water. Dissolution of limestone was inversely proportional to the temperature.
Fundamental and Applied Agriculture
Irrigation is one of the vital inputs to rice production in Bangladesh, where 78% of irrigation i... more Irrigation is one of the vital inputs to rice production in Bangladesh, where 78% of irrigation is dependent on groundwater (GW) resources. For the past two decades, GW level has been significantly declining across the country and on the other hand, surface water is limited in the dry season. This poses a great challenge to meet burgeoning irrigation demand of the country. Amid this situation, optimal and judicial use of water for irrigation is being thought to be a way out without compromising crop yield. In such context, an experiment was performed at the Field Irrigation Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University in Mymensing to investigate the water productivity, growth and yield characteristics of BRRI dhan28 under three different irrigation techniques i.e. alternate wetting and drying (AWD), raised bed (RB), and conventional continuous flooding (CF). Six treatments including four AWD variants with three replications for each treatment were laid out randomly in 18 plots. The highest yield was 6.63±0.65 t ha −1 under 10 cm disappearance AWD treatment (T2). But the lowest yield was (5.73±1.25 t ha −1) under mixed AWD treatment (T5) which did not show a significant variation on the yield of different techniques. CF treatment (T1) needed 68.94±3.44 cm of water and its water productivity was 0.48±0.08 kg m −3 , where the T2 treatment needed average 52.10±3.21 cm of water and average water productivity was 0.59±0.04 kg m −3. The study revealed that 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm disappearance AWD and mixed AWD treatments (respectively, T2, T3, T4, and T5) saved 24.42, 24.28, 28.92 and 38.56% of irrigation water, respectively, and where the RB also saved 15.52% over the conventional method. On the basis of the above consideration, it can be concluded that AWD technology can be adopted to increase the water productivity of dry season boro rice and thus to make its cultivation more profitable.
International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 2016
The focus of this study is to observe the influence of barb on channel bed configuration by using... more The focus of this study is to observe the influence of barb on channel bed configuration by using iRIC-Nays2D, a multi-dimensional computational model for river flow and riverbed variation analysis solver package. The two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation is represent the effects the pre-existing condition (i.e. before construction of barb) and in the presence of the barb installed on sidewall of the channel. The average flow depth, and discharge were used as 0.044 m and 0.028 m 3 /s, respectively. The numerical simulation reproduced the features of barb with time at upward side and creates scour holes at the leeward side of the structure. The simulation results confirmed that the vicinity of the barb head achieved a substantial reduction in scour, increase stream-wise velocity and sediment deposition at near bank. Bars were formed along the bank-line at the upstream portion of the structures. On the other hand, at the downstream side near the barb head scour occurs due to hydra...
Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Feb 29, 2016
An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Bangladesh Agricultural University (... more An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) to investigate the effects of dairy farm's wastewater irrigation on wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. BARI "Shatabdi") production and soil health during 30 November 2013 through 22 March 2014. Three irrigation and three fertilizer treatments were involved in the experiment. The experiment was laid down in a split-plot design with three replications of the treatments. Various growth and yield data of the crop were recorded. For the effect of irrigation water quality, the highest and the lowest grain yield (2.88 t ha-1 and 2.71 t ha-1) were obtained under I 3 and I 2 , respectively. For the effect of fertilizer, the highest and the lowest grain yield (4.42 t ha-1 and 1.59 t ha-1) were obtained under F 2 and F 0 , respectively. The interaction effect between irrigation and fertilizer exerted a significant impact on the grain yield of wheat. Irrigation by wastewater did not significantly alter the quality parameters of the irrigated soils. The raw wastewater supplied more nutrients to the soil of the wheat field. Therefore, it may be used as a source of irrigation and fertilizer for wheat production without any hazard of the soil health.
Research on Crops
Soil moisture is critical to the growth and yield-contributing character traits of rice. However,... more Soil moisture is critical to the growth and yield-contributing character traits of rice. However, few studies have yet to outline the effects of soil texture on irrigated paddy rice cultivation under diverse conservation techniques. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the Field Irrigation Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University to investigate the water productivity and yield-contributing characteristics of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.; variety: BRRI dhan 28) during Boro season for two years with two different soil textures (silt loam, 2019 and loam, 2020) and three different irrigation techniques, namely, Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), Raised Bed (RB) and the conventional Continuous Flooding (CF). It was observed that seepage in CF treatment was higher than that of AWD and RB. Highest grain yield (6.70±0.04 t/ha) was found for 15 cm AWD treatment (irrigation applied when water level reached 15 cm below ground surface) for silt loam and the same for loam soil ...
International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 2016
A study was carried out at Panchbibiupazila in Joypurhat district, Bangladesh, where underground ... more A study was carried out at Panchbibiupazila in Joypurhat district, Bangladesh, where underground geology is limestone enriched, to investigate the effect of climate change on groundwater quality for irrigation purpose using numerical simulation model. The numerical simulation model included dispersion/diffusion, advection, ion exchange, formation of complexes in the aqueous phase, and the dissociation of water. Fifteen groundwater samples were collected from the study area to evaluate the quality parameters used for the purpose are pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and total hardness (TH). Only two samples were in dangerous category in terms of magnesium adsorption ratio. Rest of the parameters showed that groundwater is suitable for irrigation purpose. In the numerical simulation model the mass action, transport, and site action equations are expressed in a differential/algebraic form and solved by finite element method (FEM). Results revealed that the dissolution of limestone was directly proportional to the acidification of rainwater i.e. inversely proportional to the pH of rainwater. Dissolution of limestone was also proportional to the increase of intensity of rain that leads to the increase of velocity of water and vice versa. Dissolution of limestone was directly proportional to the increase of temperature as well. Among the factors that were included in the study, pH of water in contact had the maximum effect on the dissolution of limestone. The enhanced dissolution of calcium ions may be expected to block the filter of the pumping well and deteriorate the quality of groundwater as well. Water also becomes hard for increasing the dissolution of calcium ions will limit the suitability of the water for irrigation.
Paddy and Water Environment
Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 2017
A year-long survey was conducted on fish species used and fish drying activities ofgreater Sylhet... more A year-long survey was conducted on fish species used and fish drying activities ofgreater Sylhet. Data were collected from four upazilas under three districts of Sylhet divisionnamely Sylhet, Moulvibazar and Habiganj. The study revealed that fish drying methods weretraditional, undeveloped and unhygienic. A total of 21 freshwater fish species under 12 familiesand 1 prawn species were identified that were used for sun drying in the study areas 82% ofwhich were small fish. Drying of larger fishes was not common due to the scarcity and high priceof raw materials. It was also observed that fishes from Cyprinidae (18%), Bagridae (18%) andChannidae (14%) family were more abundant in the study areas because of the fish availability,price of the fish, easiness of drying and consumer demand. The study revealed that the supply offish has been decreased over the years which may impact the viability of their business. On thebasis of the findings, a number of recommendations have been suggested...
Journal of Agrometeorology
The Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation with its new definition of reference crop evapotranspiration (... more The Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation with its new definition of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is recommended by FAO as the standard method of crop water requirement calculation, and also to compare other methods. The ET0 component of the CROPWAT model, which is based on the P-M equation, was examined for sensitivity to errors in input data under the environment of a semi-humid sub-tropic region of Bangladesh. The results showed that the ET0 estimates are most sensitive to maximum temperature and least sensitive to minimum temperature. The order of sensitivity noticed is: maximum temperature > relative humidity > sunshine duration > wind speed > minimum temperature. The sensitivity coefficients showed seasonal variation. The model parameter‘Angstrom’s coefficients’ showed sensitivity to errors in single or pair values. The implications of sensitivity to ET0 estimates and in selecting appropriate method for ET0 estimation in a data-short environment are discussed.
To increase the crop production to its potential, it is needed first to know the upper limit of d... more To increase the crop production to its potential, it is needed first to know the upper limit of dry-matter production. Solar radiation data in the region of Comilla district was analyzed to estimate the potential crop production. The region received annual atmospheric radiation of 12,549 MJ/m2. Of this, 30 % reached the earth's surface as global radiation. Monthly mean daily global radiation varied from 8.4 MJ/m2/day in December to 15.2 MJ/m2/day in April. The annual global radiation received was 3792 MJ/m2. Based on 6.6 % photosynthetic efficiency, the available radiation could produce 117.4 t/ha drymatter in three crop seasons under optimum conditions of nutrition and other growth factors. Actual maximum dry-matter production during these three seasons was 32.6 t/ha (only 28 % of the solar potential). Hence, there is scope to further increase in crop production (by 260 %) in this area. Breading of crop varieties, selection of suitable crop rotations and agronomic practices can...
Solar radiation has a direct effect on plant growth and, thus, is required for many simulation mo... more Solar radiation has a direct effect on plant growth and, thus, is required for many simulation models of crop growth and productivity, and evapotranspiration. For locations where measured values are not available along temporal and/or spatial scales, it can be estimated using empirical models. This study was conducted to simulate the solar irradiance from temperature using Richardson model. The effect of seasonality was investigated by subdividing the yearly data into two subsets, wet and dry period. The calibration coefficients are comparable with the values developed elsewhere. The calibrated models were then tested against independent data sets. For the yearly data, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 1.38 MJ/m2/d compared with 1.82 MJ/m2/d for wet period and 1.33 MJ/m2/d for dry period. The percentage error for yearly data was 17 , compared with 26.6 for wet period and 14.5 for dry period. Results showed that the simulation models provide reasonably accurate estimates of irrad...
Progressive Agriculture, 2019
A study was conducted to analyze the quality of power plant disposed water for irrigation and its... more A study was conducted to analyze the quality of power plant disposed water for irrigation and its impact on the soil of Ashuganj agro-irrigation project in Bangladesh. Water samples were collected during the irrigation period and chemically analyzed for the assessment of their quality based on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), Kelley‘s ratio (KR), total hardness (TH), magnesium absorption ratio (MAR) and permeability index (PI). Most of the water samples were basically excellent in case of EC and SAR, satisfactory in respect of RSBC and good based on SSP and PI for irrigation use. The relationships between the pairs of KR-SAR, KR-SSP, and SSP-SAR of the water samples were very strong with correlation coefficient around 1. Moreover, the values of pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg and organic carbon of the soil samples were in the suitable range before and after crop cultivation. Therefore, it can b...
Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 2019
Progressive Agriculture, 2017
A study was carried out to analyze the rainfall and evapotranspiration for successful planning of... more A study was carried out to analyze the rainfall and evapotranspiration for successful planning of two aman rice varieties i.e., BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan34 in Bogra and Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) was determined by employing the FAO Penman-Monteith method. By multiplying ET0by crop coefficient (Kc) actual evapotranspiration of the two rice varieties at different growth stages was determined. Probability analysis was done by Weibulls method and the expected rainfall and actual evapotranspiration at 75% probability level were estimated for different growth stages of BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan34 for 14 years. The results revealed that the ETc varied over the total growing season. After probability analysis, the supplemental irrigation was calculated for BRRI dhan33 during mid and late stages; but for BRRI dhan34, it was calculated during development, mid and late stages in Bogra and Dinajpur districts. The study was found quite effective to...
British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2017
Aims: The focus of this study was to know usefulness of river training structures, controlling hy... more Aims: The focus of this study was to know usefulness of river training structures, controlling hydromorphological characteristics, socioeconomic benefits of inhabitants and current situation of these structures in Patuakhali District. Study Design: Evaluations were measured on hydro-morphological features of rivers, protection safety based on utility of structures, environmental and social benefits by spot visit, face to face interview and focus group discussion methods.
Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 2019
A study was carried out to evaluate the quality of groundwater and its suitability for irrigation... more A study was carried out to evaluate the quality of groundwater and its suitability for irrigation in Durgapur upazila under Netrokona district of Bangladesh. Fifteen groundwater samples were collected from different tubewells and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), major cations like Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + and anions like Cl-, SO 2-4 , PO 3-4 , CO 2-3 , HCO-3. Based on these analyses, irrigation water quality parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), total hardness (TH), Kelly's ratio (KR), permeability index (PI), potential salinity (PS) and salinity and alkalinity hazard were calculated. ArcGIS software was used to show the spatial distribution of different quality parameters across the study area. The groundwater of the study area was mildly acidic. Acidic water was observed in the northeastern part of the study area. All the groundwater samples were found to be suitable for the irrigation in terms of EC, TDS, SAR, SSP, RSC, TH, KR, PI and PS, and whereas in terms of MAR, 5 samples were in 'dangerous' category. High MAR values of groundwater were observed in the north western part of the study area. However, in terms of salinity and alkalinity hazard, all of the water samples were categorized as 'good to excellent' class for irrigation. Piper diagram showed that Ca 2+-Cltype water was the dominant form of groundwater in the study area. Gibbs diagram indicated that most of the cations and anions had a precipitation dominance origin. Overall for the groundwater samples, PIPS and SSP-KR had a very strong correlation with a correlation coefficient around 1, and whereas, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + and MAR showed a negative correlation with most of the variables. The study revealed that the quality of the groundwater of the study area is suitable for irrigation.
The effect of intensity and pH of rain on the dissolution of limestone was observed by using nume... more The effect of intensity and pH of rain on the dissolution of limestone was observed by using numerical simulation. Results showed that the rate of dissolution of limestone in natural environments may be influenced by both transport and surface-reaction process. When the acidification of the rain water progresses, the dissolution of limestone increases specially at shallow areas. Increase of intensity of water, which coincides with the increase of velocity of inlet water, caused the less increasing dissolution rate of limestone, while the transports of chemicals were increased.
International Journal of Geomate, 2011
The effect of climatic change on groundwater quality around subsurface dam area has been observed... more The effect of climatic change on groundwater quality around subsurface dam area has been observed using numerical simulation. The study is related to sustainable groundwater development from subsurface dams constructed in the south islands of Japan where limestone is the underground geology. The model includes dispersion/diffusion, advection, ion exchange, formation of complexes in the aqueous phase, and the dissociation of water. The mass action, transport, and site action equations are expressed in a differential/algebraic form and solved by FEM. Results reveal that dissolution of limestone is proportional to the acidification of rainwater i.e. inversely proportional to the pH of rainwater. The resulting increase in calcium ion concentration is expected to block the filter of the pumping well and deteriorate the quality of groundwater as well. Again, dissolution of limestone is proportional to the increase of intensity of rain that leads to the increase of velocity of water. Dissolution of limestone was inversely proportional to the temperature.
Fundamental and Applied Agriculture
Irrigation is one of the vital inputs to rice production in Bangladesh, where 78% of irrigation i... more Irrigation is one of the vital inputs to rice production in Bangladesh, where 78% of irrigation is dependent on groundwater (GW) resources. For the past two decades, GW level has been significantly declining across the country and on the other hand, surface water is limited in the dry season. This poses a great challenge to meet burgeoning irrigation demand of the country. Amid this situation, optimal and judicial use of water for irrigation is being thought to be a way out without compromising crop yield. In such context, an experiment was performed at the Field Irrigation Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University in Mymensing to investigate the water productivity, growth and yield characteristics of BRRI dhan28 under three different irrigation techniques i.e. alternate wetting and drying (AWD), raised bed (RB), and conventional continuous flooding (CF). Six treatments including four AWD variants with three replications for each treatment were laid out randomly in 18 plots. The highest yield was 6.63±0.65 t ha −1 under 10 cm disappearance AWD treatment (T2). But the lowest yield was (5.73±1.25 t ha −1) under mixed AWD treatment (T5) which did not show a significant variation on the yield of different techniques. CF treatment (T1) needed 68.94±3.44 cm of water and its water productivity was 0.48±0.08 kg m −3 , where the T2 treatment needed average 52.10±3.21 cm of water and average water productivity was 0.59±0.04 kg m −3. The study revealed that 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm disappearance AWD and mixed AWD treatments (respectively, T2, T3, T4, and T5) saved 24.42, 24.28, 28.92 and 38.56% of irrigation water, respectively, and where the RB also saved 15.52% over the conventional method. On the basis of the above consideration, it can be concluded that AWD technology can be adopted to increase the water productivity of dry season boro rice and thus to make its cultivation more profitable.
International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 2016
The focus of this study is to observe the influence of barb on channel bed configuration by using... more The focus of this study is to observe the influence of barb on channel bed configuration by using iRIC-Nays2D, a multi-dimensional computational model for river flow and riverbed variation analysis solver package. The two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation is represent the effects the pre-existing condition (i.e. before construction of barb) and in the presence of the barb installed on sidewall of the channel. The average flow depth, and discharge were used as 0.044 m and 0.028 m 3 /s, respectively. The numerical simulation reproduced the features of barb with time at upward side and creates scour holes at the leeward side of the structure. The simulation results confirmed that the vicinity of the barb head achieved a substantial reduction in scour, increase stream-wise velocity and sediment deposition at near bank. Bars were formed along the bank-line at the upstream portion of the structures. On the other hand, at the downstream side near the barb head scour occurs due to hydra...
Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Feb 29, 2016
An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Bangladesh Agricultural University (... more An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) to investigate the effects of dairy farm's wastewater irrigation on wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. BARI "Shatabdi") production and soil health during 30 November 2013 through 22 March 2014. Three irrigation and three fertilizer treatments were involved in the experiment. The experiment was laid down in a split-plot design with three replications of the treatments. Various growth and yield data of the crop were recorded. For the effect of irrigation water quality, the highest and the lowest grain yield (2.88 t ha-1 and 2.71 t ha-1) were obtained under I 3 and I 2 , respectively. For the effect of fertilizer, the highest and the lowest grain yield (4.42 t ha-1 and 1.59 t ha-1) were obtained under F 2 and F 0 , respectively. The interaction effect between irrigation and fertilizer exerted a significant impact on the grain yield of wheat. Irrigation by wastewater did not significantly alter the quality parameters of the irrigated soils. The raw wastewater supplied more nutrients to the soil of the wheat field. Therefore, it may be used as a source of irrigation and fertilizer for wheat production without any hazard of the soil health.