A. Kosmol - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by A. Kosmol

Research paper thumbnail of Game Efficiency of Wheelchair Rugby Athletes at the 2008 Paralympic Games with Regard to Player Classification

Research paper thumbnail of Anaerobic performance of arms and legs in male and female free style wrestlers

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2004

The aim of the present study was to compare arm and leg anaerobic peak and mean power after norma... more The aim of the present study was to compare arm and leg anaerobic peak and mean power after normalisation for body mass (W/kg} and fat-free mass (W/kg FFM) of 12 female and 10 male wrestlers, members of the Polish Olympic team. Power outputs were assessed by 30 seconds leg cycling and 30 seconds arm cranking. It was determined that males had higher peak power (11.4 W/kg and 13.2 W/kg FFM for legs, 9.6 W/kg and 11.2 W/kg FFM for arms) as well as mean power (8.7 W/kg and 9.6 W/kg FFM for legs, 6.9 W/kg and 7.9 W/kg FFM for arms) than females (peak power 8.6 W/kg and 11.3 W/kg FFM for legs, and 5.9 W/kg, 7.8 W/kg FFM for arms, mean power 6.8 W/kg, 9.0 W/kg FFM for legs and 5.9 W/kg, 7.8 W/kg FFM for arms). Post-exercise maximal blood lactate concentration after 30 seconds leg cycling and 30 seconds arm cranking was also higher in male wrestlers (11.9 and 11.8 mmol/1, respectively) than in female wrestlers (10.4 and 9.1 mmol/1, respectively). However the ratios of lactate concentration to mean power expressed in W/kg FFM for males and females in leg cycling (1.18 and 1.17, respectively) and in arm cranking (1.48 and 1.50, respectively) were similar. These findings suggest that the amount of energy derived from glycolysis is not sex-dependent. Additionally it seems that the higher ratios for arms when compared to legs reflect closer relation of arm muscle energy metabolism to carbohydrate utilisation.

Research paper thumbnail of Wheelchair basketball skill tests: differences between athletes' functional classification level and disability type

fizyoterapirehabilitasyon.org

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate wheelchair basketball skills in athletes represent... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate wheelchair basketball skills in athletes representing the different functional classification levels and various types of disabilities. Materials and methods: One hundred nine athletes from the Polish and Lithuanian ...

Research paper thumbnail of Aerobic fitness of elite female and male wrestlers

Biology of Sport, 2009

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the aerobic fitness of elite female wrestlers, and t... more Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the aerobic fitness of elite female wrestlers, and to determine whether there are gender differences in the physiological response to graded exercise. Materials and Methods: Ten female and ten male freestyle wrestlers volunteered for the study. They all performed a graded exercise test on the treadmill until exhaustion. To measure lactate concentration capillary blood was taken from the finger tip at the end of every workload and after 3, 5 and 7 minutes of recovery. Anaerobic threshold was defined as the running velocity associated with 4 mmol/l during the incremental exercise test (AT 4 ) and as the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). Results: Maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) normalized to body mass or to fat free mass was significantly higher in male than in female wrestlers (59.8 and 49.7 ml/min/kg and 72.7 and 63.9 ml/min/kg FFA, respectively). Total oxygen uptake at the anaerobic thresholds (AT 4 and IAT) was similar in men and women, but when expressed as %VO 2 max, it was significantly higher in females. The peak blood lactate concentration was significantly higher in male than in female wrestlers (14.1 and 10.5 mmol/l, respectively). Conclusion: This study was the first to assess the aerobic fitness of female wrestlers. It demonstrated that there are significant gender related differences between female and male wrestlers. Possibly the lower VO 2 max in the female wrestlers was compensated by their higher oxygen utilization at the anaerobic threshold. This result indicates that AT 4 method is sufficiently reliable for measuring anaerobic threshold for female and male wrestlers.

Research paper thumbnail of Anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmers

Biomedical Human Kinetics, 2009

Study aim: To assess the anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmer... more Study aim: To assess the anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmers by applying two exercise tests. Material and methods: Male and female swimmers (n = 9 and 6, respectively), aged 19 -23 years and having training experience of over 10 years, were subjected to two tests: 30-s Wingate for upper extremities and semitethered swimming test. The following variables were determined: body fat content (from 4 skinfolds), maximum power output, heart rate (HR) and lactate (LA) concentration in blood. Results: Relative power outputs in the Wingate test and swimming force in semi-tethered swimming test (maximum and mean) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in male than in the female swimmers. Maximum LA concentrations were higher in male than in female swimmers, but maximum LA values related to relative power output were in both genders alike. Maximum force produced in the semi-tethered swimming test was strongly (r = 0.765; p<0.001) correlated with maximum relative power output in the Wingate test. Conclusions: Both tests may be interchangeably applied to determine the anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles in swimmers.

Research paper thumbnail of Game Efficiency of Wheelchair Rugby Athletes at the 2008 Paralympic Games with Regard to Player Classification

Research paper thumbnail of Anaerobic performance of arms and legs in male and female free style wrestlers

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2004

The aim of the present study was to compare arm and leg anaerobic peak and mean power after norma... more The aim of the present study was to compare arm and leg anaerobic peak and mean power after normalisation for body mass (W/kg} and fat-free mass (W/kg FFM) of 12 female and 10 male wrestlers, members of the Polish Olympic team. Power outputs were assessed by 30 seconds leg cycling and 30 seconds arm cranking. It was determined that males had higher peak power (11.4 W/kg and 13.2 W/kg FFM for legs, 9.6 W/kg and 11.2 W/kg FFM for arms) as well as mean power (8.7 W/kg and 9.6 W/kg FFM for legs, 6.9 W/kg and 7.9 W/kg FFM for arms) than females (peak power 8.6 W/kg and 11.3 W/kg FFM for legs, and 5.9 W/kg, 7.8 W/kg FFM for arms, mean power 6.8 W/kg, 9.0 W/kg FFM for legs and 5.9 W/kg, 7.8 W/kg FFM for arms). Post-exercise maximal blood lactate concentration after 30 seconds leg cycling and 30 seconds arm cranking was also higher in male wrestlers (11.9 and 11.8 mmol/1, respectively) than in female wrestlers (10.4 and 9.1 mmol/1, respectively). However the ratios of lactate concentration to mean power expressed in W/kg FFM for males and females in leg cycling (1.18 and 1.17, respectively) and in arm cranking (1.48 and 1.50, respectively) were similar. These findings suggest that the amount of energy derived from glycolysis is not sex-dependent. Additionally it seems that the higher ratios for arms when compared to legs reflect closer relation of arm muscle energy metabolism to carbohydrate utilisation.

Research paper thumbnail of Wheelchair basketball skill tests: differences between athletes' functional classification level and disability type

fizyoterapirehabilitasyon.org

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate wheelchair basketball skills in athletes represent... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate wheelchair basketball skills in athletes representing the different functional classification levels and various types of disabilities. Materials and methods: One hundred nine athletes from the Polish and Lithuanian ...

Research paper thumbnail of Aerobic fitness of elite female and male wrestlers

Biology of Sport, 2009

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the aerobic fitness of elite female wrestlers, and t... more Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the aerobic fitness of elite female wrestlers, and to determine whether there are gender differences in the physiological response to graded exercise. Materials and Methods: Ten female and ten male freestyle wrestlers volunteered for the study. They all performed a graded exercise test on the treadmill until exhaustion. To measure lactate concentration capillary blood was taken from the finger tip at the end of every workload and after 3, 5 and 7 minutes of recovery. Anaerobic threshold was defined as the running velocity associated with 4 mmol/l during the incremental exercise test (AT 4 ) and as the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). Results: Maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) normalized to body mass or to fat free mass was significantly higher in male than in female wrestlers (59.8 and 49.7 ml/min/kg and 72.7 and 63.9 ml/min/kg FFA, respectively). Total oxygen uptake at the anaerobic thresholds (AT 4 and IAT) was similar in men and women, but when expressed as %VO 2 max, it was significantly higher in females. The peak blood lactate concentration was significantly higher in male than in female wrestlers (14.1 and 10.5 mmol/l, respectively). Conclusion: This study was the first to assess the aerobic fitness of female wrestlers. It demonstrated that there are significant gender related differences between female and male wrestlers. Possibly the lower VO 2 max in the female wrestlers was compensated by their higher oxygen utilization at the anaerobic threshold. This result indicates that AT 4 method is sufficiently reliable for measuring anaerobic threshold for female and male wrestlers.

Research paper thumbnail of Anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmers

Biomedical Human Kinetics, 2009

Study aim: To assess the anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmer... more Study aim: To assess the anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmers by applying two exercise tests. Material and methods: Male and female swimmers (n = 9 and 6, respectively), aged 19 -23 years and having training experience of over 10 years, were subjected to two tests: 30-s Wingate for upper extremities and semitethered swimming test. The following variables were determined: body fat content (from 4 skinfolds), maximum power output, heart rate (HR) and lactate (LA) concentration in blood. Results: Relative power outputs in the Wingate test and swimming force in semi-tethered swimming test (maximum and mean) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in male than in the female swimmers. Maximum LA concentrations were higher in male than in female swimmers, but maximum LA values related to relative power output were in both genders alike. Maximum force produced in the semi-tethered swimming test was strongly (r = 0.765; p<0.001) correlated with maximum relative power output in the Wingate test. Conclusions: Both tests may be interchangeably applied to determine the anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles in swimmers.