Adam Markowski - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Adam Markowski
Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2019
It is increasingly recognised that all complex buildings should be covered by a relevant and up t... more It is increasingly recognised that all complex buildings should be covered by a relevant and up to date fire strategy. This is particularly the case for special infrastructures such as process plant buildings (for e.g. power stations). These buildings contain a number of risk areas, each of which requires an appropriate and specialised level of evaluation. A fire strategy should consider eight key elements (fire safety factors), all of which are relevant to their fire safety and protection. The fire safety elements are the basis for the determination of a new semi-quantitative methodology of the evaluation of the Fire Risk Index assessment. The methodology contains a number of checks appropriate for different industrial areas, graphical tools and calculation procedures. The process allows the comparison of an actual fire strategy against a pre-determined baseline strategy. The case study for an exemplar industrial boiler house is used to illustrate the proposed methodology.
Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, 2001
Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2019
The improvement of health, safety and protection of workers at risk from explosive in the workpla... more The improvement of health, safety and protection of workers at risk from explosive in the workplace is governed by the European ATEX Directives requiring the employer to carry out a risk assessment for possible explosion scenario. In order to determine explosion risk, the recently proposed methodology ExLOPA requires the identification of the explosion scenario and its structural elements, conventionally by applying different Process Hazard Analysis methods. This paper presents a novel strategy based on the combination of an expert system for explosion scenario identification (ExSys), with subsequent application of ExLOPA method. An expert system (ExSys) employs values from ad-hoc prepared engineering databases to identify the explosion loss event tailored for the selected target process and the given workplace. Subsequently, an explosion barrier model is developed, to provide data for a representative explosion scenario, which is finally used for explosion risk assessment by the Ex...
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008
Sustainability, 2021
In recent years, also in connection with Covid-19 pandemics and enforced restrictions, there has ... more In recent years, also in connection with Covid-19 pandemics and enforced restrictions, there has been the formation of large industrial corporations gathering separate companies with similar, sometimes complementary production profiles. This evolving trend has brought usually positive economic effects; however, it has also created some integration problems that include the process safety management. The Texas City BP accident in 2005 and its tremendous human and economic losses underlined the obstacles in defining a well-structured corporation process safety management. The main causes of the above-mentioned accident were connected to an inadequate safety culture at the managerial level. Strong leadership and high standards of corporate governance are required to inspire correct safety behavior in the staff. The so-called soft skills become even more important in the Industry 4.0 arena, where the foundation of the whole system is based on an intelligent use and interpretation of dat...
Safety analysis of each major hazard industry, extremely important for the safety report and emer... more Safety analysis of each major hazard industry, extremely important for the safety report and emergency planning required by an appropriate SEVESO Directive, is based on the analysis of several selected potential accident scenarios connected with loss of containment incidents. In fact, each point of the plant may be a potential source of a failure leading to the releases of the substance. Can we take all of such release sources into account or should we select those which may be considered representative accident scenarios (RAS)? This subject used to be the most debated for process risk management as well as for emergency planning. The paper discusses the problem of the selection of representative accident scenarios, understood as maximum credible accidents for major accident industry. The selection process is based on the risk ranking scheme applicable to all potential accident scenarios identified during PHA analysis for a major hazard plant. Unfortunately, the process, due to inco...
Despite the fact that LPG is used in a large number of cars, tests have not yet been carried out ... more Despite the fact that LPG is used in a large number of cars, tests have not yet been carried out on whether parked cars in enclosed garages are a greater threat than petrol cars. The problem of LPG-powered vehicles in enclosed car parks applies to both public and industrial areas. This paper describes real scale tests, which demonstrate conditions that can occur in a garage in the event of LPG release from a car installation. The validation of FDS code (NIST) for using in the case of modelling LPG release and dispersion in different situations is also described. Over the course of the tests, a series of six real scale LPG spillage experiments were performed to study emission time and cloud formation according to the leak size in the car installation. As a tested scenario, the release of 0.17 L of LPG in liquid phase, from the pipe connecting the tank and the engine, was used. On the basis of these measurements results, the distribution of LPG in the garage was obtained. The test res...
Sustainability
There is a mismatch between the desire to introduce greater levels of sustainability in engineeri... more There is a mismatch between the desire to introduce greater levels of sustainability in engineering design and in the need to provide effective engineering solutions, particularly where issues of human safety and asset protection are involved. Sustainability engineering typically incorporates economic, environmental, and social factors, all of which are highly relevant and applicable to fire safety and the design of fire protection systems. The term fire strategy denotes a documented methodology to encapsulate a full range of such systems, within a single framework, for more complex risks such as those found in the process industry. The subject of fire safety is emotive and its application within building design may not change unless we refocus on a holistic and strategic approach, especially for complex building profiles. Fire is a recognized critical safety issue for most types of industrial plants. Due to the complexity of the processes, even a relatively small fire accident can ...
Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries
Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2019
It is increasingly recognised that all complex buildings should be covered by a relevant and up t... more It is increasingly recognised that all complex buildings should be covered by a relevant and up to date fire strategy. This is particularly the case for special infrastructures such as process plant buildings (for e.g. power stations). These buildings contain a number of risk areas, each of which requires an appropriate and specialised level of evaluation. A fire strategy should consider eight key elements (fire safety factors), all of which are relevant to their fire safety and protection. The fire safety elements are the basis for the determination of a new semi-quantitative methodology of the evaluation of the Fire Risk Index assessment. The methodology contains a number of checks appropriate for different industrial areas, graphical tools and calculation procedures. The process allows the comparison of an actual fire strategy against a pre-determined baseline strategy. The case study for an exemplar industrial boiler house is used to illustrate the proposed methodology.
Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, 2001
Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2019
The improvement of health, safety and protection of workers at risk from explosive in the workpla... more The improvement of health, safety and protection of workers at risk from explosive in the workplace is governed by the European ATEX Directives requiring the employer to carry out a risk assessment for possible explosion scenario. In order to determine explosion risk, the recently proposed methodology ExLOPA requires the identification of the explosion scenario and its structural elements, conventionally by applying different Process Hazard Analysis methods. This paper presents a novel strategy based on the combination of an expert system for explosion scenario identification (ExSys), with subsequent application of ExLOPA method. An expert system (ExSys) employs values from ad-hoc prepared engineering databases to identify the explosion loss event tailored for the selected target process and the given workplace. Subsequently, an explosion barrier model is developed, to provide data for a representative explosion scenario, which is finally used for explosion risk assessment by the Ex...
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008
Sustainability, 2021
In recent years, also in connection with Covid-19 pandemics and enforced restrictions, there has ... more In recent years, also in connection with Covid-19 pandemics and enforced restrictions, there has been the formation of large industrial corporations gathering separate companies with similar, sometimes complementary production profiles. This evolving trend has brought usually positive economic effects; however, it has also created some integration problems that include the process safety management. The Texas City BP accident in 2005 and its tremendous human and economic losses underlined the obstacles in defining a well-structured corporation process safety management. The main causes of the above-mentioned accident were connected to an inadequate safety culture at the managerial level. Strong leadership and high standards of corporate governance are required to inspire correct safety behavior in the staff. The so-called soft skills become even more important in the Industry 4.0 arena, where the foundation of the whole system is based on an intelligent use and interpretation of dat...
Safety analysis of each major hazard industry, extremely important for the safety report and emer... more Safety analysis of each major hazard industry, extremely important for the safety report and emergency planning required by an appropriate SEVESO Directive, is based on the analysis of several selected potential accident scenarios connected with loss of containment incidents. In fact, each point of the plant may be a potential source of a failure leading to the releases of the substance. Can we take all of such release sources into account or should we select those which may be considered representative accident scenarios (RAS)? This subject used to be the most debated for process risk management as well as for emergency planning. The paper discusses the problem of the selection of representative accident scenarios, understood as maximum credible accidents for major accident industry. The selection process is based on the risk ranking scheme applicable to all potential accident scenarios identified during PHA analysis for a major hazard plant. Unfortunately, the process, due to inco...
Despite the fact that LPG is used in a large number of cars, tests have not yet been carried out ... more Despite the fact that LPG is used in a large number of cars, tests have not yet been carried out on whether parked cars in enclosed garages are a greater threat than petrol cars. The problem of LPG-powered vehicles in enclosed car parks applies to both public and industrial areas. This paper describes real scale tests, which demonstrate conditions that can occur in a garage in the event of LPG release from a car installation. The validation of FDS code (NIST) for using in the case of modelling LPG release and dispersion in different situations is also described. Over the course of the tests, a series of six real scale LPG spillage experiments were performed to study emission time and cloud formation according to the leak size in the car installation. As a tested scenario, the release of 0.17 L of LPG in liquid phase, from the pipe connecting the tank and the engine, was used. On the basis of these measurements results, the distribution of LPG in the garage was obtained. The test res...
Sustainability
There is a mismatch between the desire to introduce greater levels of sustainability in engineeri... more There is a mismatch between the desire to introduce greater levels of sustainability in engineering design and in the need to provide effective engineering solutions, particularly where issues of human safety and asset protection are involved. Sustainability engineering typically incorporates economic, environmental, and social factors, all of which are highly relevant and applicable to fire safety and the design of fire protection systems. The term fire strategy denotes a documented methodology to encapsulate a full range of such systems, within a single framework, for more complex risks such as those found in the process industry. The subject of fire safety is emotive and its application within building design may not change unless we refocus on a holistic and strategic approach, especially for complex building profiles. Fire is a recognized critical safety issue for most types of industrial plants. Due to the complexity of the processes, even a relatively small fire accident can ...
Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries