A. Muhammad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by A. Muhammad
2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), 2014
Survivable synthetic ROADMs are equipped with redundant switching modules to support failure reco... more Survivable synthetic ROADMs are equipped with redundant switching modules to support failure recovery. The paper proposes a dynamic connection provisioning strategy which exploits these idle redundant modules to provision regular traffic resulting in a substantial improvement in the blocking performance.
ISRN Nutrition, 2014
This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate composition, level of anti-nutrients, and the... more This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate composition, level of anti-nutrients, and the mineral composition of raw and processed Sphenostylis stenocarpa seeds and at examining the effect of processing on the parameters. From the proximate composition analysis, the ash content showed no significant difference ( > 0.05) between the processed and unprocessed (raw) samples. However, there was significant difference ( < 0.05) in the levels of moisture, crude lipid, nitrogen-free extract, gross energy, true protein, and crude fiber between the processed and unprocessed S. stenocarpa. Analyses of the antinutrient composition show that the processed S. stenocarpa registered significant reduction in levels of hydrogen cyanide, trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oxalate, and tannins compared to the unprocessed. Evaluation of the mineral composition showed that the level of sodium, calcium, and potassium was high in both the processed and unprocessed sample (150-400 mg/100 g). However, the level of iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium was low in both processed and unprocessed samples (2-45 mg/100 g). The correlation analysis showed that tannins and oxalate affected the levels of ash and nitrogen-free extract of processed and unprocessed seeds. These results suggest that the consumption of S. stenocarpa will go a long way in reducing the level of malnutrition in northern Nigeria.
Abstract: This paper gives an overview of already developed devices for helping the blind or visu... more Abstract: This paper gives an overview of already developed devices for helping the blind or visually impaired people in obstacle avoidance. Different technologies are described on the basis of certain parameters. Although many gadgets are currently available to help blind ...
... 27. Ali N, Anwar M, Bhatti FA, Nadeem M, Chang Gung Med J 2009;32: 400-7. Nadeem A, Ali AM. .... more ... 27. Ali N, Anwar M, Bhatti FA, Nadeem M, Chang Gung Med J 2009;32: 400-7. Nadeem A, Ali AM. ... Address for Correspondence: Dr. Mohammad Irshad Senior Registrar Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar - Pakistan 239 ...
5th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, 2014
Batch processes are considered to be very efficient in producing fine as well as specialty chemic... more Batch processes are considered to be very efficient in producing fine as well as specialty chemicals. The efficiency of batch processes is attributed to the scheduling of various tasks involved in the production of a desired product. A very common purpose of scheduling is to reduce the total completion time of the process and is referred to as makespan. One of the ways to reduce makespan is the selection of a proper production sequence i.e. a sequence in which the raw materials are processed to produce specific products. The determination of such production sequence becomes a time consuming task with increase in the number of products. The complexity further increases when dealing with various transfer policies used for the transfer of product intermediates during the production cycle. Although numerous techniques are available but most of them are based on complex mathematical equations and thus take longer CPU time to solve even for a small batch scheduling problem. Further, the search of the optimal solution is not an easy task when the number of optimal solutions increases with increase in problem size. The motivation behind current work is to reduce the mathematical complexity as well as suggesting some rule based guidelines that could speed up the solution procedure for any batch scheduling problem. A new heuristic approach is developed and applied to various problem sizes in conjunction with mathematical formulations developed in our previous work for various transfer policies. The results so obtained are very promising and shows significant contribution towards the solution of batch scheduling problems with less computational effort.
2013 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm), 2013
Energy and resource efficiency are two contrasting objectives to optimize in dynamic and survivab... more Energy and resource efficiency are two contrasting objectives to optimize in dynamic and survivable optical networks. Known solutions for improving the energy efficiency include the use of the shared path-protection (SPP) mechanism and of a low power consuming mode (i.e., sleep) for protection resources. On the other hand, resource efficiency can be improved by introducing the concept of Differentiated Reliability (DiR) which can be combined with SPP in order to match the level of provisioned protection resources to the reliability requirements for each specific demand.
2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010, 2010
Energy-efficient optical networks are gaining momentum as environmental-friendly solutions with r... more Energy-efficient optical networks are gaining momentum as environmental-friendly solutions with reduced operational costs. Energy-efficiency can be achieved by using devices in sleep mode, i.e., a low-power, inactive state in which devices can be suddenly waken-up upon occurrence of triggering events. This paper advocates a sleep mode option for the optical devices (e.g., amplifiers, optical switches) installed for protection purposes only. These devices can be put in sleep mode to reduce the network power consumption, but they can be promptly waken up (if necessary) upon a failure occurrence. This principle is proposed and applied in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks with dedicated-path protection to ensure survivability against single-link failures.
Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXX, 2013
International Journal of Academic Research, 2013
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2009
In the present work, thermophysical properties such as density (ρ), dynamic viscosity (η), refrac... more In the present work, thermophysical properties such as density (ρ), dynamic viscosity (η), refractive index (n D ), and surface tension (σ) of aqueous piperazine (PZ) solutions with mass fractions (100w = 1.74, 5.16, 10.35) have been measured from temperatures (298.15 to 338.15) K. ...
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2008
In batch process scheduling, the introduction of intermediate storage tanks between process stage... more In batch process scheduling, the introduction of intermediate storage tanks between process stages result in increasing the efficiency and productivity of the process. The main purpose of this is to minimize the process completion time, i.e. makespan. However, it is important to determine the right number and respective locations of the intermediate storage to ensure optimal investment and operational cost. The generally adopted transfer policies for handling intermediate storage tanks in batch processes are unlimited intermediate storage (UIS) and finite intermediate storage (FIS). In this work, new completion time algorithms for UIS and FIS transfer policies are proposed using matrix representation. The objective of the proposed approach is to calculate the makespan for all possible production sequences for given batch product recipes while at the same time determining the number and location of intermediate storage tanks required. With the assumptions that the intermediate storage could be used to store any intermediate product, the method is verified against the Gantt chart method and the results agreed well. A number of different product recipes are analyzed using a developed computer code. This enables the proposed algorithms to produce solution options for large size batch scheduling problems.
Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2011
... Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, sterols in petro-leum ether and chl... more ... Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, sterols in petro-leum ether and chloroform extracts, whereas tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins and triterpenoids inmethanol extract. The ability of the leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos to inhibit growth of ...
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2008
Scheduling of batch processes involves various parameters such as batch process recipes, sequence... more Scheduling of batch processes involves various parameters such as batch process recipes, sequence of production and transfer policy for product intermediates. All these parameters directly or indirectly affect the makespan, i.e. completion time of a batch process. The scheduling approaches reported in past literatures mostly refer to the use of complex mathematical models for determining makespan. These models require good understanding in formulating the problem using programming techniques to find the optimal solution. The current work proposes new completion time algorithms for multiproduct batch process with two commonly used transfer policies namely zero wait (ZW) and no intermediate storage (NIS). The batch process recipes are presented in the form of a matrix which is then used to solve for the completion time using developed algorithms. Rearrangement of the matrix rows reflects the changes in production sequences possible for the specified batch process recipes which then enable the makespan to be determined accordingly for the different sequences. Designer is then provided with the production sequence options with their corresponding makespan from which a selection could be made.
BMC Medical Genetics, 2011
Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a serious disorder of the central nervous system with... more Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a serious disorder of the central nervous system with a prevalence of 1-3% in a general population. In the past decades, the research focus has been predominantly on X-linked ID (68 loci and 19 genes for non syndromic X linked ID) while for autosomal recessive nonsyndromic ID (NSID) only 30 loci and 6 genes have been reported to date. Methods: Genome-wide homozygosity mapping with 500 K Nsp1 array (Affymetrix), CNV analysis, PCR based breakpoint mapping and DNA sequencing was performed to explore the genetic basis of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic ID in a large Pakistani family.
Archives of Biological Sciences, 2011
The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ethyl acetate (EAFSM) and n-butanol (NBFSM)... more The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ethyl acetate (EAFSM) and n-butanol (NBFSM) fractions of the alcoholic extract of S. mangifera bark were evaluated using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and by the tail-flick method in rats. The radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract, aqueous extract and fractions was determined with the DPPH radical scavenging capacity assay. Two fractions of the alcoholic extract, EAFSM and NBFSM, at doses of 75, 150, 300 mg/kg b.w. administered orally, showed a significant reduction in paw volume when compared with the respective control group challenged by carrageenan. Different doses of extract fractions also showed a significant prolongation of the tail-flick latency of the rat (P<0.01). Different concentrations of alcoholic, aqueous extracts and fractions of alcoholic extract showed significant free radical scavenging capacity against DPPH generated free radicals.
… JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 2005
In vitro response and its relationship with different varieties, explants and media were investig... more In vitro response and its relationship with different varieties, explants and media were investigated in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Direct In vitro regeneration protocol from diverse explant source is a prerequisite for transformation studies. Three potato cultivars viz., Cardinal, Altamash ...
2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), 2014
Survivable synthetic ROADMs are equipped with redundant switching modules to support failure reco... more Survivable synthetic ROADMs are equipped with redundant switching modules to support failure recovery. The paper proposes a dynamic connection provisioning strategy which exploits these idle redundant modules to provision regular traffic resulting in a substantial improvement in the blocking performance.
ISRN Nutrition, 2014
This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate composition, level of anti-nutrients, and the... more This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate composition, level of anti-nutrients, and the mineral composition of raw and processed Sphenostylis stenocarpa seeds and at examining the effect of processing on the parameters. From the proximate composition analysis, the ash content showed no significant difference ( > 0.05) between the processed and unprocessed (raw) samples. However, there was significant difference ( < 0.05) in the levels of moisture, crude lipid, nitrogen-free extract, gross energy, true protein, and crude fiber between the processed and unprocessed S. stenocarpa. Analyses of the antinutrient composition show that the processed S. stenocarpa registered significant reduction in levels of hydrogen cyanide, trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oxalate, and tannins compared to the unprocessed. Evaluation of the mineral composition showed that the level of sodium, calcium, and potassium was high in both the processed and unprocessed sample (150-400 mg/100 g). However, the level of iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium was low in both processed and unprocessed samples (2-45 mg/100 g). The correlation analysis showed that tannins and oxalate affected the levels of ash and nitrogen-free extract of processed and unprocessed seeds. These results suggest that the consumption of S. stenocarpa will go a long way in reducing the level of malnutrition in northern Nigeria.
Abstract: This paper gives an overview of already developed devices for helping the blind or visu... more Abstract: This paper gives an overview of already developed devices for helping the blind or visually impaired people in obstacle avoidance. Different technologies are described on the basis of certain parameters. Although many gadgets are currently available to help blind ...
... 27. Ali N, Anwar M, Bhatti FA, Nadeem M, Chang Gung Med J 2009;32: 400-7. Nadeem A, Ali AM. .... more ... 27. Ali N, Anwar M, Bhatti FA, Nadeem M, Chang Gung Med J 2009;32: 400-7. Nadeem A, Ali AM. ... Address for Correspondence: Dr. Mohammad Irshad Senior Registrar Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar - Pakistan 239 ...
5th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, 2014
Batch processes are considered to be very efficient in producing fine as well as specialty chemic... more Batch processes are considered to be very efficient in producing fine as well as specialty chemicals. The efficiency of batch processes is attributed to the scheduling of various tasks involved in the production of a desired product. A very common purpose of scheduling is to reduce the total completion time of the process and is referred to as makespan. One of the ways to reduce makespan is the selection of a proper production sequence i.e. a sequence in which the raw materials are processed to produce specific products. The determination of such production sequence becomes a time consuming task with increase in the number of products. The complexity further increases when dealing with various transfer policies used for the transfer of product intermediates during the production cycle. Although numerous techniques are available but most of them are based on complex mathematical equations and thus take longer CPU time to solve even for a small batch scheduling problem. Further, the search of the optimal solution is not an easy task when the number of optimal solutions increases with increase in problem size. The motivation behind current work is to reduce the mathematical complexity as well as suggesting some rule based guidelines that could speed up the solution procedure for any batch scheduling problem. A new heuristic approach is developed and applied to various problem sizes in conjunction with mathematical formulations developed in our previous work for various transfer policies. The results so obtained are very promising and shows significant contribution towards the solution of batch scheduling problems with less computational effort.
2013 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm), 2013
Energy and resource efficiency are two contrasting objectives to optimize in dynamic and survivab... more Energy and resource efficiency are two contrasting objectives to optimize in dynamic and survivable optical networks. Known solutions for improving the energy efficiency include the use of the shared path-protection (SPP) mechanism and of a low power consuming mode (i.e., sleep) for protection resources. On the other hand, resource efficiency can be improved by introducing the concept of Differentiated Reliability (DiR) which can be combined with SPP in order to match the level of provisioned protection resources to the reliability requirements for each specific demand.
2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010, 2010
Energy-efficient optical networks are gaining momentum as environmental-friendly solutions with r... more Energy-efficient optical networks are gaining momentum as environmental-friendly solutions with reduced operational costs. Energy-efficiency can be achieved by using devices in sleep mode, i.e., a low-power, inactive state in which devices can be suddenly waken-up upon occurrence of triggering events. This paper advocates a sleep mode option for the optical devices (e.g., amplifiers, optical switches) installed for protection purposes only. These devices can be put in sleep mode to reduce the network power consumption, but they can be promptly waken up (if necessary) upon a failure occurrence. This principle is proposed and applied in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks with dedicated-path protection to ensure survivability against single-link failures.
Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXX, 2013
International Journal of Academic Research, 2013
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2009
In the present work, thermophysical properties such as density (ρ), dynamic viscosity (η), refrac... more In the present work, thermophysical properties such as density (ρ), dynamic viscosity (η), refractive index (n D ), and surface tension (σ) of aqueous piperazine (PZ) solutions with mass fractions (100w = 1.74, 5.16, 10.35) have been measured from temperatures (298.15 to 338.15) K. ...
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2008
In batch process scheduling, the introduction of intermediate storage tanks between process stage... more In batch process scheduling, the introduction of intermediate storage tanks between process stages result in increasing the efficiency and productivity of the process. The main purpose of this is to minimize the process completion time, i.e. makespan. However, it is important to determine the right number and respective locations of the intermediate storage to ensure optimal investment and operational cost. The generally adopted transfer policies for handling intermediate storage tanks in batch processes are unlimited intermediate storage (UIS) and finite intermediate storage (FIS). In this work, new completion time algorithms for UIS and FIS transfer policies are proposed using matrix representation. The objective of the proposed approach is to calculate the makespan for all possible production sequences for given batch product recipes while at the same time determining the number and location of intermediate storage tanks required. With the assumptions that the intermediate storage could be used to store any intermediate product, the method is verified against the Gantt chart method and the results agreed well. A number of different product recipes are analyzed using a developed computer code. This enables the proposed algorithms to produce solution options for large size batch scheduling problems.
Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2011
... Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, sterols in petro-leum ether and chl... more ... Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, sterols in petro-leum ether and chloroform extracts, whereas tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins and triterpenoids inmethanol extract. The ability of the leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos to inhibit growth of ...
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2008
Scheduling of batch processes involves various parameters such as batch process recipes, sequence... more Scheduling of batch processes involves various parameters such as batch process recipes, sequence of production and transfer policy for product intermediates. All these parameters directly or indirectly affect the makespan, i.e. completion time of a batch process. The scheduling approaches reported in past literatures mostly refer to the use of complex mathematical models for determining makespan. These models require good understanding in formulating the problem using programming techniques to find the optimal solution. The current work proposes new completion time algorithms for multiproduct batch process with two commonly used transfer policies namely zero wait (ZW) and no intermediate storage (NIS). The batch process recipes are presented in the form of a matrix which is then used to solve for the completion time using developed algorithms. Rearrangement of the matrix rows reflects the changes in production sequences possible for the specified batch process recipes which then enable the makespan to be determined accordingly for the different sequences. Designer is then provided with the production sequence options with their corresponding makespan from which a selection could be made.
BMC Medical Genetics, 2011
Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a serious disorder of the central nervous system with... more Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a serious disorder of the central nervous system with a prevalence of 1-3% in a general population. In the past decades, the research focus has been predominantly on X-linked ID (68 loci and 19 genes for non syndromic X linked ID) while for autosomal recessive nonsyndromic ID (NSID) only 30 loci and 6 genes have been reported to date. Methods: Genome-wide homozygosity mapping with 500 K Nsp1 array (Affymetrix), CNV analysis, PCR based breakpoint mapping and DNA sequencing was performed to explore the genetic basis of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic ID in a large Pakistani family.
Archives of Biological Sciences, 2011
The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ethyl acetate (EAFSM) and n-butanol (NBFSM)... more The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ethyl acetate (EAFSM) and n-butanol (NBFSM) fractions of the alcoholic extract of S. mangifera bark were evaluated using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and by the tail-flick method in rats. The radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract, aqueous extract and fractions was determined with the DPPH radical scavenging capacity assay. Two fractions of the alcoholic extract, EAFSM and NBFSM, at doses of 75, 150, 300 mg/kg b.w. administered orally, showed a significant reduction in paw volume when compared with the respective control group challenged by carrageenan. Different doses of extract fractions also showed a significant prolongation of the tail-flick latency of the rat (P<0.01). Different concentrations of alcoholic, aqueous extracts and fractions of alcoholic extract showed significant free radical scavenging capacity against DPPH generated free radicals.
… JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 2005
In vitro response and its relationship with different varieties, explants and media were investig... more In vitro response and its relationship with different varieties, explants and media were investigated in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Direct In vitro regeneration protocol from diverse explant source is a prerequisite for transformation studies. Three potato cultivars viz., Cardinal, Altamash ...