Anders Nermoen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Other by Anders Nermoen

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

Experiments and modelling indicate that CCUS in tight formations can sequester large volumes of C... more Experiments and modelling indicate that CCUS in tight formations can sequester large volumes of CO2, improve energy recovery, provide positive economic drivers for CCS and deliver carbon neutral energy systems through integration with wind, solar and electric transportation vehicles. Such integrated systems can, therefore, provide reliable power at reduced costs to consumers, and halt greenhouse gas emissions to the environment.
In the special issue we welcome submissions on topics such as:
- Experimental, simulation or theoretical works
- Shales, carbonates, hydrates, coal-bed-methane
- CO2 for enhanced gas or oil recovery
- Core analyses; rock and fluid characterization; methane or CO2 storage capacity; flow behavior and mechanisms
- Pilot design and field case development
- Estimation of input for climate models and energy budgets
- Chemistry, thermodynamics, rock-fluid interactions
The following guidelines apply:
- Full paper submission opens 1 Feb 2019.
- Submission is handled via Elsevier’s EES system. Visit Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering’s home page https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-natural-gas-science-and-engineering, click ‘Submit your paper’ and log in with your Elsevier username and password. Then click ‘Submit new manuscript’ and under article type select ‘CCUS_in_tight_reservoirs’.
- The deadline for submissions is 31 Oct 2019 (exceptions can be made upon agreement with Managing Guest Editor P. Ø. Andersen)

Papers by Anders Nermoen

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 30, 2023

Proceedings, Apr 24, 2017

The paper presents the results of the experimental and simulation activities of the Czech-Norwegi... more The paper presents the results of the experimental and simulation activities of the Czech-Norwegian CO2 Pilot Preparation project (REPP-CO2) carried out under Norway Grants. A relatively small hydrocarbon field located in Vienna basin was selected as a candidate for the CO2-EOR and storage (CCUS) pilot. The field produced in 1950-1970’s, the available reservoir data is somewhat limited and uncertain as typical for old abandoned fields. Nevertheless, based on available geological knowledge, core material and fluid samples (sometimes from the neighboring analog fields) a geological model was build and an integrated approach to evaluation of CO2-EOR and storage (CCUS) potential was suggested. As a first approximation to the CCUS potential, a material balance model was established to evaluate aquifer size and connectivity, as well as potential CO2 storage capacity. The material balance study was based on available production history. Laboratory investigations of available core material and fluid samples allowed to identify and reduce the uncertainties related to fluid properties, geochemistry and geomechanics. An approach was suggested to link core scale geomechanical experiments to the field scale, while addressing the uncertainty in geomechanical parameters in a systematic way. Material balance studies, geological modelling and interpretation of experimental data enabled us to create a simulation model matched to available production and pressure data, therefore laying out a good basis for evaluation of CO2-EOR and storage (CCUS) potential. Simulations taking into account advantages in drilling, monitoring and reservoir technology over four decades since the field abandonment indicated a potential to recover approximately as much oil as was produced from the virgin reservoir. The CO2-EOR is also believed to create a business case suitable for paving the way for the storage project where estimated capacity is up to 1 million tons depending on technical and economic conditions.

Journal of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering, Aug 1, 2019

 Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose... more  Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.  You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain  You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

Acknowledgement I thank my main supervisor Dag Dysthe for being an important discussion partner, ... more Acknowledgement I thank my main supervisor Dag Dysthe for being an important discussion partner, teacher and mentor through my last years here on Physics of Geological Processes (PGP). I want to thank Adriano Mazzini for taking me to two field trips, the Lusi mud volcano on Java, Indonesia and the Salton Sea in California, USA. I thank my office partners, Espen Jettestuen and Simon Daniel deVilliers for always being helpful, supportive and open for discussions. I thank Olivier Galland for sharing his inspiration and knowledge through discussions, experimental collaboration, and advices on writing. I wish to thank Christophe Raufaste and Joachim Mathiesen for all the cooperation and interesting discussions. I thank Anders Malthe-Sørenssen and Jens Feder for providing the funding of my initial phd-project. I thank Yuri Podladchikov for being a whole hearted teacher, always willing to share knowledge and ideas and his endless belief in students. Thank you for your generosity! I want to thank Galen Gisler for always being so positive, helpful and supportive throughout my period here on PGP. In addition I want to thank both Torstein Jøssang and Karin Brastad for their positiveness and cheerful spirits, cheering up me and the community. I thank Olav Gundersen for the help in the laboratory such that ideas could manifested themselves as running experiments. I want to thank Paul Meakin for interesting discussions and advices on writing. I thank all my other discussion partners, friends and colleagues here on PGP and University of Oslo. In danger of forgetting someone, my thanks goes to

SSRN Electronic Journal

Carbon capture from industrial, high concentration CO2 sources, combined with CO2 transport, util... more Carbon capture from industrial, high concentration CO2 sources, combined with CO2 transport, utilization and storage (CCUS) is a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. CCUS will play an important role in our transition into, and, also beyond the green shift, as CCUS both significantly reduces emissions from industrial processes and offsets emissions from hard-to-remove sectors-leading to the global net-zero society. We study here how the deployment of CCUS networks and commonly shared infrastructure could be evaluated using a dedicated techno-economic analysis tool presented here. A scenario-approach was taken in the development of CCUS network to decarbonize industrialized regions. In this context, a scenario is defined as a planned deployment of capture, transport, utilization and storage units-each at a given location and at given time between now and 2050. The Excel-based tool presented in this paper, allows for both the design and technical-economic analysis at regional scale. It allowed to define scenarios in a time-dependent spatial network connecting capture points to CO2utilization factories and storage locations via transport by pipelines, or via trains, trucks, or vessels/barges. To set up different scenarios, and to ensure both their internal consistency and comparability with each other, a dedicated tool was developed in the STRATEGY CCUS project funded though EU Horizon 2020 program (grant agreement No 837754). The tool use common input variables shared between different modules of the tool and scenarios which enables comparison between decarbonization of different regions. The tool aims to provide more realistic, and comparable estimates for future energy and

SSRN Electronic Journal

Social Science Research Network, 2022

SINTEF Academic Press eBooks, 2021

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of key technologies to decarbonise the emission-intensive... more Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of key technologies to decarbonise the emission-intensive industries in the Czech Republic and reach the 2050 carbon-neutral economy target. An important step on the road to the deployment of the technology is to prepare and realise a CO2 storage pilot project in the country. The newly launched CO2-SPICER project has been designed to make significant progress in this direction. It is the first project in Europe, targeting an onshore hydrocarbon field situated in carbonates as a pilot CO2 storage site. Achieving the main project objective-to reach the implementation-ready stage of site development-would allow direct follow-up to project activities, using main project results as ready-made input. The target Zar-3 site is a hydrocarbon field located in the SE part of the Czech Republic. It is situated in an erosional relict of fractured carbonates of Jurassic age on the SE slopes of the Bohemian Massif, covered by Paleogene deposits and Carpathian flysch nappes. The field was discovered in 2001 and is now nearly depleted. This relatively "young age" of the field, together with active participation of field operator in the consortium and ongoing hydrocarbon production provide many advantages, such as direct access of the reservoir, availability of field monitoring data, generally good condition of wells, well-preserved core material and detailed reservoir description. However, the geology of naturally fractured carbonates brings specific research challenges. This paper provides a brief overview of the storage site and the project, its objectives, planned activities and expected outcomes.

Files with sample numbers are raw data combined with analyzed data for each temperature/stress cy... more Files with sample numbers are raw data combined with analyzed data for each temperature/stress cycle in individual sheets. 'kbulk for ax and ex' and 'residual strain' are summurized data pulled out the individual sample spreadsheets for easier representation and graphing.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020

Re-use of existing oil and gas infrastructure (pipelines, installations, wells) is often mentione... more Re-use of existing oil and gas infrastructure (pipelines, installations, wells) is often mentioned as an option to reduce the costs associated to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) deployment. The re-use of infrastructure entails, however, some challenges (e.g. infrastructure availability, capacity limitation, state). Total E&P Norge, together with Carbon Limits and NORCE, have looked more in detail at this topic in the 2nd Life CO2 project presented here. The aim of the 2nd Life CO2 project was to study, at a high level and not on a specific case-basis, the potential for re-use of offshore oil and gas pipelines, platforms and wells for CO2 transport throughout the North Sea in general, and the specific storage potential on the Norwegian Continental Shelf based on The Norwegian CO2 Storage Atlas developed by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. Alongside, an assessment of the economic and environmental benefits of such re-use was performed, and knowledge and data gaps were identified. In some cases, these gaps will require further de-risking to set up successful CCS projects involving re-use of infrastructure. For pipelines, open data sources from various countries (Norway, United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands) were used in the project. Several tasks of the project had to be done in an automated way considering the high number of data points. This approach entails some limitations. Examples include specific aspects of the infrastructure, such as flow direction and to what extent pipelines are linked, which have an important impact on availability. The core idea of the approach was to estimate the year in which hydrocarbon fields are depleted (referred to its ‘end of life’) to determine the time at which the connected infrastructure is available. The end of life of each field was estimated based on resource depletion rather than economic cash-flow evaluations. The collected data set of remaining producible hydrocarbon volume was divided by data of current yearly production rate to estimates how long the fields could operate under current conditions. The assumption is that after this time the connected infrastructure (platform, wells and pipelines) becomes available. The corresponding infrastructure was classified and mapped, and only those available in the upcoming 20 years were studied further. Based on the availability mapping exercise, focus was put on the pipelines that link existing CO2 sources / potential hubs and CO2 storages. Both deep saline aquifers and depleted hydrocarbon fields were considered for CO2 storage. The storage potential for relevant storage sites in the vicinity of the reusable infrastructure was evaluated based on results from The Norwegian CO2 Storage Atlas and specific logs in the considered area. The results from this project displayed that overall, the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) showed less infrastructure re-use potential in the coming 20 years compared to the UK continental shelf and offshore Netherlands. This finding was mainly related to the larger and less mature oil and gas fields on NCS. Thus, overall, the Netherlands and the UK seem more suited for smaller-scale re-use projects in a nearer future such as the Acorn project, whilst the Norwegian Continental Shelf seems more suited for larger-scale infrastructure re-use projects in more distant time-horizons. Some interesting cases on the Norwegian Continental Shelf were, however, singled out to be timely available of pipelines linking potential CO2 storage areas to shore. Given the limited number of large emitters in Norway in the vicinity of those pipelines, the best way to re-use those facilities would likely be to build an onshore hub that could import CO2 from large European emitters with an easy access to waterways or seaports. A few relevant cases were selected for economic and environmental assessment to compare the cost and environmental impact of re-use of oil and gas infrastructure for CCS with new built. The results of these assessments are presented in this article. Before launching CCS projects that make use of existing oil and gas infrastructure in the North Sea, there are, however, still significant data and technological uncertainties which need to be resolved. To ensure a satisfactory state of the re-used infrastructure as well as its availability, future re-use projects are recommended to align with decommissioning plans for oil and gas fields and related infrastructure.

Targeted sampling on the Dolgovskoy Mound (northern Shatsky Ridge) revealed the presence of spect... more Targeted sampling on the Dolgovskoy Mound (northern Shatsky Ridge) revealed the presence of spectacular laterally extensive and differently shaped authigenic carbonates. The sampling stations were selected based on sidescan sonar and profiler images that show patchy backscatter and irregular and discontinuous reflections in the near subsurface. The interpretation of acoustic data from the top part of the mound supports the seafloor observations and the sampling that revealed the presence of a complex subsurface plumbing system characterized by carbonates and gas. The crusts sampled consist of carbonate cemented layered hemipelagic sedimentary Unit 1 associated with several centimetres thick microbial mats. Three different carbonate morphologies were observed: (a) tabular slabs, (b) subsurface cavernous carbonates consisting of void chambers up to 20 cm**3 in size and (c) chimney and tubular conduits vertically oriented or forming a subhorizontal network in the subsurface. The methanogenic origin of the carbonates is established based on visual observations of fluids seepage structures, 13C depletion of the carbonates (d13C varying between -36.7 per mil and -27.4 per mil), and by thin carbonate layers present within the thick microbial mats. Laboratory experiments with a Hele–Shaw cell were conducted in order to simulate the gas seepage through contrasting grain size media present on the seafloor. Combined petrography, visual observations and sandbox simulations allowed a characterization of the dynamics and the structures of the plumbing system in the near subsurface. Based on sample observations and the experiments, three observed morphologies of authigenic carbonates are interpreted, respectively, as (a) Darcian porous flow through the finely laminated clayey/coccolith-rich layers, (b) gas accumulation chambers at sites where significant fluid escape was impeded by thicker clayey layers forming the laminated Unit1 and (c) focussed vertical fluid venting and subhorizontal migration of overpressured fluids releas [...]

This database contains experimental results performed on two different types of chalk investigati... more This database contains experimental results performed on two different types of chalk investigating the effect of temperature cycling.

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 30, 2023

Proceedings, Apr 24, 2017

Journal of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering, Aug 1, 2019

SSRN Electronic Journal

Social Science Research Network, 2022

SINTEF Academic Press eBooks, 2021

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020

ABSTRACT Injection of CO2 into carbonate oil reservoirs has been proposed as a possible utilizati... more ABSTRACT Injection of CO2 into carbonate oil reservoirs has been proposed as a possible utilization of the captured CO2 due to its capability to enhance the oil recovery. In offshore reservoirs such as Ekofisk and Valhall it has been discussed to alternate the CO2 and sea water injection (WAG) to reduce the cost and keep the beneficial effects of both the sea water (SSW) and the gas injection. Water and CO2 mix to form carbonic acids that enhance the solubility of carbonates into the pore fluid and thereby change the wettability of the chalk surface. Thus a serious concern has been raised upon the potential de-stabilization of the reservoirs during CO2 injection. In the presented work we focus on how carbonated sea water alters the mechanical integrity of carbonate rocks both to evaluate the safety of carbon storage sites and in the planning of production strategies in producing fields since enhanced compaction may have both detrimental and beneficial effects. Here we will present the results of long term tests (approx. half year each) performed on Kansas outcrop chalk (38-41% porosity) which serves as model materials to understand the physical and chemical interplay also found within reservoirs. All tests are performed at uni-axial strain conditions, meaning that the side stresses are automatically adjusted to ensure zero radial strain. The tests are performed at in-situ conditions and through a series of stages that mimic the reservoir history at Ekofisk and at Valhall. We observe the strain response to the injected brine. The experimental stages are: (a) differential stress buildup (axially) by pore pressure depletion to stresses above yield with NaCl-brine (which is inert to the chalk); (b) uni-axial creep at constant axial stresses with NaCl-brine; (c) sea water injection; and (d) injection of carbonated water (SSW+CO2) at various mixture concentrations. Two test series were performed in which the pore pressure was increased (re-pressurized) before stage (c) to explore the stress dependency of the fluid induced strain triggering. The main findings of our investigations are: 1. The creep rate in the plastic phase is pore fluid dependent. The injection of sea water induces a period of accelerating creep. 2. The injection of CO2 and sea water reduces the deformation rate, a result which is in contrast to what has been shown before. 3. The solid weight of the plugs is maintained during flooding which indicates that the observed carbonate dissolution at the inlet side is counteracted with secondary precipitation, possibly calciumsulphate, within the plug. In our study the plugs maintain their mechanical integrity during flooding of CO2 and sea water. This work separates from earlier studies by the significant deformation prior to CO2 + SSW injection, the low injection rate which allows the secondary precipitation process to complete within the plug, the chalk type, test temperature, stress conditions are different, all factors that affect the reported dynamics.