Adetola Oniku - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Adetola Oniku
Recent Advances in Natural Sciences, Feb 9, 2024
Recent Advances in Natural Sciences, Jan 19, 2024
This study investigates earthquakes in Nigeria since 1933, aiming to discern their precise causes... more This study investigates earthquakes in Nigeria since 1933, aiming to discern their precise causes. Focusing on Southwestern Nigeria, it explores underground geological frameworks and hydrothermal alteration zones that may influence seismic energy transmission, groundwater storage, and mineralization. Data optimization involved vertical derivatives, horizontal derivatives, upward continuation, and an analytic signal approach. The study area features sinistral and dextral faults along NE-SW, NW-SE, N-S, and E-W directions. The NE-SW trend, indicative of major lithospheric processes, intersects formations beneath key locations such as Ikogosi warm spring, Ipole-Iloro waterfall, Arinta waterfall, Effon-Alaaye waterfall (all in Ekiti state), and Erin-Ijesha waterfall (Osun State), aligning with granite and adjoining fractures. The quartzite belt in the NE-SW direction forms an aquifer network with substantial storage potential. The NNE-SSW trends correspond to significant lithospheric processes and fractures beneath locations like Ikogosi warm spring, Ipole-Iloro waterfall, Arinta waterfall, Effon-Alaaye waterfall (all in Ekiti state), and Erin-Ijesha waterfall (Osun State). These trends relate to the Ifewara-Kalangai fault, while NW-SE depicts the separation of the South American and African plates. Overlapping NW-SE and NE-SW lineaments suggest fractures from similar tectonic events, possibly the Pan African orogeny. Intersection points are plausible zones for groundwater, geothermal resources, and mineralized targets, evidenced by small-scale mining activities. Fault lines act as channels for seismic energy transmission, leading to earth tremors, and serve as guides for solid mineral prospecting and geothermal exploration. The study enriches knowledge about future earthquake occurrences, aiding hazard prevention measures.
Research Square (Research Square), Dec 20, 2023
Advances in science, technology & innovation, Dec 31, 2022
African Scientific Reports, Apr 22, 2024
In a bid to explore unconventional electricity generation sources and reduce effects of fossil fu... more In a bid to explore unconventional electricity generation sources and reduce effects of fossil fuels, this study evaluates geothermal resource potentials over parts of Southwestern Nigeria, precisely depth to the bottom of magnetic source (DBMS), heat flow, geothermal gradient and their relationships. Regional-residual anomaly separation was conducted, and spectral analysis was applied on the residual anomaly component of 14 aeromagnetic data sheets. Depth to the bottom of magnetic source varies between 1.87 and 6.26 km, with average value of 3.50 km, heat flow varies between 23.18 and 77.38 mWm −2 , with average value of 43.79 mWm −2 , while geothermal gradient varies between 9.27 and 30.95°C/km with average value of 17.52°C/km. Northcentral region has the highest heat flow (77.4 mWm −2), followed by Northeast (68.3 mWm −2), Southwest has the least (< 40.0 mWm −2) while Southeast has values in between the extremes. A comparison between the average heat flow and that of 'thermally stable' continental regions of the world (60 or 65) mW/m 2 gives 72.98 or 67.37% respectively. The estimated heat is probably from mantle plumes, radioactive sources or heat generated from pressures within basements that are overlaid by thick thermally insulated sediments, hence hot magmatic fluid flows into fractured basement and cause hydrothermal alterations of surrounding rocks. Since most geodynamic operations depends on thermal structure of the earth's crust, the result of this study has undoubtedly contributed significantly to the body of existing thermal knowledge and closed the information gap regarding crustal temperature distribution at depth in Southwest part of Nigeria and Nigeria in general.
Open Journal of Geology, 2014
The evaluation of an intra-plate earthquake that occurred on Friday, 11 th September, 2009 and fe... more The evaluation of an intra-plate earthquake that occurred on Friday, 11 th September, 2009 and felt in parts of Abeokuta, Ago-Iwoye, Ajambata, Ajegunle, Imeko, Ijebu-Ode, Ilaro and Ibadan, all in south western Nigeria is presented. This event has been the largest inland earthquake recorded since the inception of digital seismological recording in Nigeria in 2008 was incepted. The event was recorded by three seismological stations operated by Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics (CGG), Toro. Data obtained from the CGG stations and others distributed around the world were analysed to determine precise earthquake locations and focal mechanism and to assess the regional tectonic stress. The data recorded in MiniSEED format at a sampling rate of 40 samples per second (sps) were analyzed using the SEISAN earthquake analysis software. The result showed an epicentral location situated about 108 km west of Lagos, a focal depth of 10.0 km and an origin time of 03:10:21.60 GMT. The local and moment magnitudes were 4.5 and 4.2 respectively. The P-wave to S-wave velocity ratio was 1.72. The fault plane solutions obtained for the rupture process indicated that a normal dip-slip fault with median solution of strike 325˚, dip 40˚ and rake −90˚ was the probable trigger mechanism for this earthquake. It suggested that the event was a reactivation of a buried high-angle fault in the Precambrian basement represented by the contemporary northeast-southwest trending regional horizontal compressive stress. Generally, the seismotectonics of the region was linked to the fracture zones in the Atlantic Ocean.
Communication in Physical Sciences, Nov 22, 2020
The aquifer hydraulic parameters of Gashua in Yobe State were evaluated (using electrical resisti... more The aquifer hydraulic parameters of Gashua in Yobe State were evaluated (using electrical resistivity survey method) to describe the hydraulic characteristics of the groundwater in the area. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) with Schlumberger electrode configuration was deployed to obtain the geoelectric data. The results obtained reveals that the transmissivity and porosity of the aquifer were moderately high. The aquifer thickness in the study area ranged from 66.7 m to 120 m with an average value of 84.32 m. The aquifer resistivity in the study area ranged from 100.7 Ωm to 350 Ωm with an average value of 280 Ωm. The transmissivity of the aquifer ranged from 110.91 m 2 /day to 348.88 m 2 /day with an average value of 182.55 m 2 /day. The porosity of the aquifer ranged from 27.7% to 32.9% with an average value of 28.8%. Contour maps developed from the estimated values of the aquifer hydraulic parameters (hydraulic conductivity, porosity, resistivity, formation factor and transmissivity) revealed that the study area has great potential for the production of groundwater. The magnitude and the spatial distribution of the aquifer parameters in the study area also confirmed that the aquifer has moderate groundwater production and sustainability.
International Journal of Advanced Geosciences, 2020
Well logs from ATG- field wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 were calibrated to develop Mechanical Earth Mod... more Well logs from ATG- field wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 were calibrated to develop Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) based on elastic parameter, failure parameters, in-situ stresses, pore pressure using well logs to predict wellbore failure. Poisson’s ratio derived from compressional and shear velocities interval transit time and density logs (RHOB), showed that the values ranges from 0.17 to 0.48 and 0.09 to 0.49, and the dynamic Young's Modulus derived from the Compressional and Shear velocity Logs, ranges from 6.0 GPa to 7.8 GPa and 3.6 GPa to 6.6 GPa, the dynamic shear modulus derived from dynamic young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio which ranges from 3.8 GPa to 5.1 GPa and 2.1 GPa to 5.4 GPa, while the dynamic Bulk modulus ranges from 0.25 GPa to 1.67 GPa and 0.43 GPa to 1.18 GPa for wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 respectively. The calibrated failure parameters or rock strengths derived from compressional velocity logs include: the internal friction angle (ϕ) from Plumb’s correlation, these r...
Kuwait Journal of Science, 2022
The conventional approach in reservoir characterization uses an extrapolation of petrophysical pr... more The conventional approach in reservoir characterization uses an extrapolation of petrophysical properties calculated from well logs in determining the entire field volume. This technique fails to acknowledge/ factor in the heterogeneity of a reservoir, and consequently leads to errors in reservoir capacity quantification. This research work employs a deterministic seismic inversion approach in determining the petrophysical properties of each reservoir sand. First, the reservoir sand was identified from intervals of low gamma-ray value with corresponding high resistivity log value. A synthetic seismogram was generated to tie the well to the seismic data and identify events that correspond to the reservoir sands. This was done by convolving the generated reflectivity series, derived from approximated Zeoppritz reflectivity with a zero-phase wavelet generated using the seismic. Acoustic impedance from the well and seismic were analyzed and proved to have a strong correlation. The imped...
Scientific Reports
This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare par... more This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare part market in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil and water samples were collected within and outside the market for heavy metal (As, Pb, Mg, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Ag) analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results indicate that all the heavy metals analyzed show higher concentration within the recycling market than the control location. The concentration of heavy metals at the market decreases with an increasing depth between 0 and 50 cm and appears to be stable below 50 cm of the soil depth. All the Hazard Indices (HI) estimated for the soil samples are less than one (
Open Journal of Geology, 2014
The evaluation of an intra-plate earthquake that occurred on Friday, 11 th September, 2009 and fe... more The evaluation of an intra-plate earthquake that occurred on Friday, 11 th September, 2009 and felt in parts of Abeokuta, Ago-Iwoye, Ajambata, Ajegunle, Imeko, Ijebu-Ode, Ilaro and Ibadan, all in south western Nigeria is presented. This event has been the largest inland earthquake recorded since the inception of digital seismological recording in Nigeria in 2008 was incepted. The event was recorded by three seismological stations operated by Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics (CGG), Toro. Data obtained from the CGG stations and others distributed around the world were analysed to determine precise earthquake locations and focal mechanism and to assess the regional tectonic stress. The data recorded in MiniSEED format at a sampling rate of 40 samples per second (sps) were analyzed using the SEISAN earthquake analysis software. The result showed an epicentral location situated about 108 km west of Lagos, a focal depth of 10.0 km and an origin time of 03:10:21.60 GMT. The local and moment magnitudes were 4.5 and 4.2 respectively. The P-wave to S-wave velocity ratio was 1.72. The fault plane solutions obtained for the rupture process indicated that a normal dip-slip fault with median solution of strike 325˚, dip 40˚ and rake −90˚ was the probable trigger mechanism for this earthquake. It suggested that the event was a reactivation of a buried high-angle fault in the Precambrian basement represented by the contemporary northeast-southwest trending regional horizontal compressive stress. Generally, the seismotectonics of the region was linked to the fracture zones in the Atlantic Ocean.
Well logs from ATGfield wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 were calibrated to develop Mechanical Earth Model... more Well logs from ATGfield wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 were calibrated to develop Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) based on elastic parameter, failure parameters, in-situ stresses, pore pressure using well logs to predict wellbore failure. Poisson’s ratio derived from compressional and shear velocities interval transit time and density logs (RHOB), showed that the values ranges from 0.17 to 0.48 and 0.09 to 0.49, and the dynamic Young's Modulus derived from the Compressional and Shear velocity Logs, ranges from 6.0 GPa to 7.8 GPa and 3.6 GPa to 6.6 GPa, the dynamic shear modulus derived from dynamic young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio which ranges from 3.8 GPa to 5.1 GPa and 2.1 GPa to 5.4 GPa, while the dynamic Bulk modulus ranges from 0.25 GPa to 1.67 GPa and 0.43 GPa to 1.18 GPa for wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 respectively. The calibrated failure parameters or rock strengths derived from compressional velocity logs include: the internal friction angle (φ) from Plumb’s correlation, these ran...
Pore pressure is the pressure associated with fluids in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks. Thi... more Pore pressure is the pressure associated with fluids in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks. This pressure varies from hydrostatic to severe overpressure. It is classified as abnormal pressure when it deviates from hydrostatic pressure. Incorrect prediction or the absence of pore pressure evaluation can lead to severe damage of the drilling platform, loss of personnel, waste of resources and environmental pollution. This study was carried out in an offshore field in Niger Delta with an objective of predicting the abnormal pressure regime from the seismic volume using seismic inversion technique. First, we employed the Eaton’s and Bower’s model of predicting pore pressure from Well log. The predicted pore pressure from the well was used to calibrate the P-impedance that was used in the inversion process. A pressure-based model for the seismic inversion process was developed. This was constrained by the relationship between the P-impedance and pore pressure in the study area. The pre...
FUTY Journal of the Environment, Feb 9, 2011
Petrophysical measurements namely; electrical resistivity, density, porosity, electrical resistiv... more Petrophysical measurements namely; electrical resistivity, density, porosity, electrical resistivity anisotropy and water saturation were performed on fourteen representative surface rock samples from Girei, part of the Yola arm of the Upper Benue trough, NE Nigeria. The purpose was to provide information required for determining the electrical conductivity mechanism of these rocks. This will further aid in the interpretation of down hole, ground and airborne electromagnetic surveys. The two electrode method was used in the resistivity measurements while density and porosity were measured following Olhoeft and Johnson, 1990 and Scromeda and Connell, 2001 techniques. Results obtained showed that the dry bulk density, ñd, were in the range of 1.86 to 2.23g/cm 3 with an average of 2.08±0.03g/cm 3 , wet density, ñw ranged from 2.11 to 2.55g/cm 3 with an average of 2.23± 0.03 g/cm 3 and particle or grain density ñg ranged from 2.47 to 2.81g/cm 3 having an average of 2.59±0.03. Porosity, Ô values were in the range of 0.12-0.28 with a mean value of 0.20±0.01. Results of the electrical resistivity of the saturated rock samples gave values of 7.485 to 10.690 x 10 3 m with an average of 8.160 ± 0.229 x 10 3 m. Investigation of the relationship of porosity and water saturation showed a direct proportionality with saturation increasing with increasing porosity. The preferred orientation of the water wet pores results in low electrical anisotropy values from 1.2:1 to 1.7:1.
Acta Geophysica
The study analyzed the relationship between mineral magnetic properties and particle size in orde... more The study analyzed the relationship between mineral magnetic properties and particle size in order to determine the suitability of magnetic measurements to serve as particle size proxy for urban top soils samples collected from Jalingo, NE Nigeria. Pearson correlation analyses between mineral magnetic parameters (χlf, χfd%, χARM, SIRM, Soft IRM, ARM/SIRM) and particle size properties (PM2.5, PM10, clay, silt and sand) are reported. Results indicate that each particle size class shows different strength of correlation with magnetic parameters, implying that each particle class contains a proportion of magnetic minerals. For the whole data set (n = 154), χfd%, χARM and ARM/SIRM show significant positive correlation with the fine size fractions (PM2.5, PM10, clay and silt) but negatively correlated with the sand proportion, while χlf, SIRM and Soft IRM exhibit contrasting relationship. Of all the magnetic parameters, the magnetic parameters indicating fine-grained ferrimagnetic minerals (ARM/SIRM and χARM) have the strongest and most significant correlations. The nature of the magneto-particle size relationship is different when examined in terms of land use. The fact that magnetic properties and textural parameters have strong relationship indicates that magnetic methods could be considered a potential particle size proxy in Jalingo. However, since the relationship does not follow predictable and consistent patterns of other studies in top soils and sedimentary settings, it brings to fore the non-universality of the method. Hence, the type of relationship existing between magnetic and particle size properties in an environmental setting must be determined before applying the magnetic method as particle size proxy.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
The use of mineral magnetic techniques as pollution proxy for road deposited sediment was explore... more The use of mineral magnetic techniques as pollution proxy for road deposited sediment was explored using various statistical approaches. Standard techniques were adopted for measurement of mineral magnetic and geochemical parameters. The analyses of magnetic parameters revealed that the samples were dominated by ferrimagnetic minerals and multidomain grains. This implied that the magnetic fractions in the samples might be of anthropogenic origin. Results also indicate that the samples were dominated by low coercive, magnetically soft minerals. Thermomagnetic curves confirmed magnetite as the remanence bearing magnetic mineral having a Curie point temperature of ~580 °C. The strong association observed between magnetic susceptibility, susceptibility of anhysteric remanent magnetization and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization and aluminum, titanium, manganese, iron, chromium and lead demonstrated that these metals occurred as ferrimagnetic particles of technogenic origin resulting from vehicular sources. Assessment of pollution status of the road deposited sediment identified silicon and lead as the priority pollutants of concern. Generally, pollution load index was <1 (mean, 0.66 ± 0.14), indicating that the samples were not polluted in the overall, but the metals were in the buildup stage requiring constant monitoring. The sources of pollutants from principal component and cluster analyses identified the sources of pollution to be mainly from vehicular emissions such as brake linings, exhaust materials, tire wear, corroded metal parts, abrasion of lubricating oil and road construction materials. This study found that mineral magnetic techniques offer great potential as pollution proxy for soil pollution studies.
Geofísica Internacional, 2014
An investigation of the effect of some human activities on the magnetic susceptibility and freque... more An investigation of the effect of some human activities on the magnetic susceptibility and frequency dependent susceptibility was conducted on top soil samples from, a commercial area, a motor park and a school environment in Jalingo, Taraba State, N-E Nigeria. The purpose was to assess the variation grains or SP grains < 0.05μm. The value of χ fd % range from 2.68 to 13.80% with an average value of 8.67% in the JCOE samples, 0.49 to 10.04% with an average of 5.05% in the JMM samples and 0.56 to 13.04% with an average value of 5.86% in the JMP samples.
Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(3):281-290 Authors: Agada Livinus Emeka, Adetola Sunda... more Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(3):281-290 Authors: Agada Livinus Emeka, Adetola Sunday Oniku, and Osita Meludu Received 25 April 2020/Accepted 17 June 2020 Electrical resistivity method was used to evaluate the groundwater potential of Gashua, Northeast Nigeria. A total of ten (10) vertical electrical sounding (VES) using Schlumberger electrode configuration were carried out. The field data was interpreted using Winresist version 1. The results of the electrical resistivity survey indicated that the study area is composed of five geoelectrical layers namely; the topsoil (which is a mixture of sand and clay materials), clay, sand, sandy clay and sand. The resistivity of the first layer range from 42.7 to 199.7 Ωm and its thickness range from 0.6 to 1.9 m, the second layer had resistivity ranging from 16.5 to 37.9 Ωm with a thickness ranging from 4.1 to 10.7 m. The resistivity of the third layer ranged from 101.2 to 288.2 Ωm and the thickness ranged from 38.9 to 99.7 m, t...
Scientific Reports, 2020
This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare par... more This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare part market in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil and water samples were collected within and outside the market for heavy metal (As, Pb, Mg, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Ag) analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results indicate that all the heavy metals analyzed show higher concentration within the recycling market than the control location. The concentration of heavy metals at the market decreases with an increasing depth between 0 and 50 cm and appears to be stable below 50 cm of the soil depth. All the Hazard Indices (HI) estimated for the soil samples are less than one (< 1) which is the standard set by USEPA, whereas, the Hazard Index (HI) for the water samples within the station is greater than 1. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for soil samples ranged from level I to level V, while that of water samples ranged from level VI to Level VII based on Delphii method of class...
Recent Advances in Natural Sciences, Feb 9, 2024
Recent Advances in Natural Sciences, Jan 19, 2024
This study investigates earthquakes in Nigeria since 1933, aiming to discern their precise causes... more This study investigates earthquakes in Nigeria since 1933, aiming to discern their precise causes. Focusing on Southwestern Nigeria, it explores underground geological frameworks and hydrothermal alteration zones that may influence seismic energy transmission, groundwater storage, and mineralization. Data optimization involved vertical derivatives, horizontal derivatives, upward continuation, and an analytic signal approach. The study area features sinistral and dextral faults along NE-SW, NW-SE, N-S, and E-W directions. The NE-SW trend, indicative of major lithospheric processes, intersects formations beneath key locations such as Ikogosi warm spring, Ipole-Iloro waterfall, Arinta waterfall, Effon-Alaaye waterfall (all in Ekiti state), and Erin-Ijesha waterfall (Osun State), aligning with granite and adjoining fractures. The quartzite belt in the NE-SW direction forms an aquifer network with substantial storage potential. The NNE-SSW trends correspond to significant lithospheric processes and fractures beneath locations like Ikogosi warm spring, Ipole-Iloro waterfall, Arinta waterfall, Effon-Alaaye waterfall (all in Ekiti state), and Erin-Ijesha waterfall (Osun State). These trends relate to the Ifewara-Kalangai fault, while NW-SE depicts the separation of the South American and African plates. Overlapping NW-SE and NE-SW lineaments suggest fractures from similar tectonic events, possibly the Pan African orogeny. Intersection points are plausible zones for groundwater, geothermal resources, and mineralized targets, evidenced by small-scale mining activities. Fault lines act as channels for seismic energy transmission, leading to earth tremors, and serve as guides for solid mineral prospecting and geothermal exploration. The study enriches knowledge about future earthquake occurrences, aiding hazard prevention measures.
Research Square (Research Square), Dec 20, 2023
Advances in science, technology & innovation, Dec 31, 2022
African Scientific Reports, Apr 22, 2024
In a bid to explore unconventional electricity generation sources and reduce effects of fossil fu... more In a bid to explore unconventional electricity generation sources and reduce effects of fossil fuels, this study evaluates geothermal resource potentials over parts of Southwestern Nigeria, precisely depth to the bottom of magnetic source (DBMS), heat flow, geothermal gradient and their relationships. Regional-residual anomaly separation was conducted, and spectral analysis was applied on the residual anomaly component of 14 aeromagnetic data sheets. Depth to the bottom of magnetic source varies between 1.87 and 6.26 km, with average value of 3.50 km, heat flow varies between 23.18 and 77.38 mWm −2 , with average value of 43.79 mWm −2 , while geothermal gradient varies between 9.27 and 30.95°C/km with average value of 17.52°C/km. Northcentral region has the highest heat flow (77.4 mWm −2), followed by Northeast (68.3 mWm −2), Southwest has the least (< 40.0 mWm −2) while Southeast has values in between the extremes. A comparison between the average heat flow and that of 'thermally stable' continental regions of the world (60 or 65) mW/m 2 gives 72.98 or 67.37% respectively. The estimated heat is probably from mantle plumes, radioactive sources or heat generated from pressures within basements that are overlaid by thick thermally insulated sediments, hence hot magmatic fluid flows into fractured basement and cause hydrothermal alterations of surrounding rocks. Since most geodynamic operations depends on thermal structure of the earth's crust, the result of this study has undoubtedly contributed significantly to the body of existing thermal knowledge and closed the information gap regarding crustal temperature distribution at depth in Southwest part of Nigeria and Nigeria in general.
Open Journal of Geology, 2014
The evaluation of an intra-plate earthquake that occurred on Friday, 11 th September, 2009 and fe... more The evaluation of an intra-plate earthquake that occurred on Friday, 11 th September, 2009 and felt in parts of Abeokuta, Ago-Iwoye, Ajambata, Ajegunle, Imeko, Ijebu-Ode, Ilaro and Ibadan, all in south western Nigeria is presented. This event has been the largest inland earthquake recorded since the inception of digital seismological recording in Nigeria in 2008 was incepted. The event was recorded by three seismological stations operated by Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics (CGG), Toro. Data obtained from the CGG stations and others distributed around the world were analysed to determine precise earthquake locations and focal mechanism and to assess the regional tectonic stress. The data recorded in MiniSEED format at a sampling rate of 40 samples per second (sps) were analyzed using the SEISAN earthquake analysis software. The result showed an epicentral location situated about 108 km west of Lagos, a focal depth of 10.0 km and an origin time of 03:10:21.60 GMT. The local and moment magnitudes were 4.5 and 4.2 respectively. The P-wave to S-wave velocity ratio was 1.72. The fault plane solutions obtained for the rupture process indicated that a normal dip-slip fault with median solution of strike 325˚, dip 40˚ and rake −90˚ was the probable trigger mechanism for this earthquake. It suggested that the event was a reactivation of a buried high-angle fault in the Precambrian basement represented by the contemporary northeast-southwest trending regional horizontal compressive stress. Generally, the seismotectonics of the region was linked to the fracture zones in the Atlantic Ocean.
Communication in Physical Sciences, Nov 22, 2020
The aquifer hydraulic parameters of Gashua in Yobe State were evaluated (using electrical resisti... more The aquifer hydraulic parameters of Gashua in Yobe State were evaluated (using electrical resistivity survey method) to describe the hydraulic characteristics of the groundwater in the area. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) with Schlumberger electrode configuration was deployed to obtain the geoelectric data. The results obtained reveals that the transmissivity and porosity of the aquifer were moderately high. The aquifer thickness in the study area ranged from 66.7 m to 120 m with an average value of 84.32 m. The aquifer resistivity in the study area ranged from 100.7 Ωm to 350 Ωm with an average value of 280 Ωm. The transmissivity of the aquifer ranged from 110.91 m 2 /day to 348.88 m 2 /day with an average value of 182.55 m 2 /day. The porosity of the aquifer ranged from 27.7% to 32.9% with an average value of 28.8%. Contour maps developed from the estimated values of the aquifer hydraulic parameters (hydraulic conductivity, porosity, resistivity, formation factor and transmissivity) revealed that the study area has great potential for the production of groundwater. The magnitude and the spatial distribution of the aquifer parameters in the study area also confirmed that the aquifer has moderate groundwater production and sustainability.
International Journal of Advanced Geosciences, 2020
Well logs from ATG- field wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 were calibrated to develop Mechanical Earth Mod... more Well logs from ATG- field wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 were calibrated to develop Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) based on elastic parameter, failure parameters, in-situ stresses, pore pressure using well logs to predict wellbore failure. Poisson’s ratio derived from compressional and shear velocities interval transit time and density logs (RHOB), showed that the values ranges from 0.17 to 0.48 and 0.09 to 0.49, and the dynamic Young's Modulus derived from the Compressional and Shear velocity Logs, ranges from 6.0 GPa to 7.8 GPa and 3.6 GPa to 6.6 GPa, the dynamic shear modulus derived from dynamic young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio which ranges from 3.8 GPa to 5.1 GPa and 2.1 GPa to 5.4 GPa, while the dynamic Bulk modulus ranges from 0.25 GPa to 1.67 GPa and 0.43 GPa to 1.18 GPa for wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 respectively. The calibrated failure parameters or rock strengths derived from compressional velocity logs include: the internal friction angle (ϕ) from Plumb’s correlation, these r...
Kuwait Journal of Science, 2022
The conventional approach in reservoir characterization uses an extrapolation of petrophysical pr... more The conventional approach in reservoir characterization uses an extrapolation of petrophysical properties calculated from well logs in determining the entire field volume. This technique fails to acknowledge/ factor in the heterogeneity of a reservoir, and consequently leads to errors in reservoir capacity quantification. This research work employs a deterministic seismic inversion approach in determining the petrophysical properties of each reservoir sand. First, the reservoir sand was identified from intervals of low gamma-ray value with corresponding high resistivity log value. A synthetic seismogram was generated to tie the well to the seismic data and identify events that correspond to the reservoir sands. This was done by convolving the generated reflectivity series, derived from approximated Zeoppritz reflectivity with a zero-phase wavelet generated using the seismic. Acoustic impedance from the well and seismic were analyzed and proved to have a strong correlation. The imped...
Scientific Reports
This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare par... more This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare part market in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil and water samples were collected within and outside the market for heavy metal (As, Pb, Mg, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Ag) analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results indicate that all the heavy metals analyzed show higher concentration within the recycling market than the control location. The concentration of heavy metals at the market decreases with an increasing depth between 0 and 50 cm and appears to be stable below 50 cm of the soil depth. All the Hazard Indices (HI) estimated for the soil samples are less than one (
Open Journal of Geology, 2014
The evaluation of an intra-plate earthquake that occurred on Friday, 11 th September, 2009 and fe... more The evaluation of an intra-plate earthquake that occurred on Friday, 11 th September, 2009 and felt in parts of Abeokuta, Ago-Iwoye, Ajambata, Ajegunle, Imeko, Ijebu-Ode, Ilaro and Ibadan, all in south western Nigeria is presented. This event has been the largest inland earthquake recorded since the inception of digital seismological recording in Nigeria in 2008 was incepted. The event was recorded by three seismological stations operated by Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics (CGG), Toro. Data obtained from the CGG stations and others distributed around the world were analysed to determine precise earthquake locations and focal mechanism and to assess the regional tectonic stress. The data recorded in MiniSEED format at a sampling rate of 40 samples per second (sps) were analyzed using the SEISAN earthquake analysis software. The result showed an epicentral location situated about 108 km west of Lagos, a focal depth of 10.0 km and an origin time of 03:10:21.60 GMT. The local and moment magnitudes were 4.5 and 4.2 respectively. The P-wave to S-wave velocity ratio was 1.72. The fault plane solutions obtained for the rupture process indicated that a normal dip-slip fault with median solution of strike 325˚, dip 40˚ and rake −90˚ was the probable trigger mechanism for this earthquake. It suggested that the event was a reactivation of a buried high-angle fault in the Precambrian basement represented by the contemporary northeast-southwest trending regional horizontal compressive stress. Generally, the seismotectonics of the region was linked to the fracture zones in the Atlantic Ocean.
Well logs from ATGfield wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 were calibrated to develop Mechanical Earth Model... more Well logs from ATGfield wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 were calibrated to develop Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) based on elastic parameter, failure parameters, in-situ stresses, pore pressure using well logs to predict wellbore failure. Poisson’s ratio derived from compressional and shear velocities interval transit time and density logs (RHOB), showed that the values ranges from 0.17 to 0.48 and 0.09 to 0.49, and the dynamic Young's Modulus derived from the Compressional and Shear velocity Logs, ranges from 6.0 GPa to 7.8 GPa and 3.6 GPa to 6.6 GPa, the dynamic shear modulus derived from dynamic young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio which ranges from 3.8 GPa to 5.1 GPa and 2.1 GPa to 5.4 GPa, while the dynamic Bulk modulus ranges from 0.25 GPa to 1.67 GPa and 0.43 GPa to 1.18 GPa for wells ATG-10 and ATG-11 respectively. The calibrated failure parameters or rock strengths derived from compressional velocity logs include: the internal friction angle (φ) from Plumb’s correlation, these ran...
Pore pressure is the pressure associated with fluids in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks. Thi... more Pore pressure is the pressure associated with fluids in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks. This pressure varies from hydrostatic to severe overpressure. It is classified as abnormal pressure when it deviates from hydrostatic pressure. Incorrect prediction or the absence of pore pressure evaluation can lead to severe damage of the drilling platform, loss of personnel, waste of resources and environmental pollution. This study was carried out in an offshore field in Niger Delta with an objective of predicting the abnormal pressure regime from the seismic volume using seismic inversion technique. First, we employed the Eaton’s and Bower’s model of predicting pore pressure from Well log. The predicted pore pressure from the well was used to calibrate the P-impedance that was used in the inversion process. A pressure-based model for the seismic inversion process was developed. This was constrained by the relationship between the P-impedance and pore pressure in the study area. The pre...
FUTY Journal of the Environment, Feb 9, 2011
Petrophysical measurements namely; electrical resistivity, density, porosity, electrical resistiv... more Petrophysical measurements namely; electrical resistivity, density, porosity, electrical resistivity anisotropy and water saturation were performed on fourteen representative surface rock samples from Girei, part of the Yola arm of the Upper Benue trough, NE Nigeria. The purpose was to provide information required for determining the electrical conductivity mechanism of these rocks. This will further aid in the interpretation of down hole, ground and airborne electromagnetic surveys. The two electrode method was used in the resistivity measurements while density and porosity were measured following Olhoeft and Johnson, 1990 and Scromeda and Connell, 2001 techniques. Results obtained showed that the dry bulk density, ñd, were in the range of 1.86 to 2.23g/cm 3 with an average of 2.08±0.03g/cm 3 , wet density, ñw ranged from 2.11 to 2.55g/cm 3 with an average of 2.23± 0.03 g/cm 3 and particle or grain density ñg ranged from 2.47 to 2.81g/cm 3 having an average of 2.59±0.03. Porosity, Ô values were in the range of 0.12-0.28 with a mean value of 0.20±0.01. Results of the electrical resistivity of the saturated rock samples gave values of 7.485 to 10.690 x 10 3 m with an average of 8.160 ± 0.229 x 10 3 m. Investigation of the relationship of porosity and water saturation showed a direct proportionality with saturation increasing with increasing porosity. The preferred orientation of the water wet pores results in low electrical anisotropy values from 1.2:1 to 1.7:1.
Acta Geophysica
The study analyzed the relationship between mineral magnetic properties and particle size in orde... more The study analyzed the relationship between mineral magnetic properties and particle size in order to determine the suitability of magnetic measurements to serve as particle size proxy for urban top soils samples collected from Jalingo, NE Nigeria. Pearson correlation analyses between mineral magnetic parameters (χlf, χfd%, χARM, SIRM, Soft IRM, ARM/SIRM) and particle size properties (PM2.5, PM10, clay, silt and sand) are reported. Results indicate that each particle size class shows different strength of correlation with magnetic parameters, implying that each particle class contains a proportion of magnetic minerals. For the whole data set (n = 154), χfd%, χARM and ARM/SIRM show significant positive correlation with the fine size fractions (PM2.5, PM10, clay and silt) but negatively correlated with the sand proportion, while χlf, SIRM and Soft IRM exhibit contrasting relationship. Of all the magnetic parameters, the magnetic parameters indicating fine-grained ferrimagnetic minerals (ARM/SIRM and χARM) have the strongest and most significant correlations. The nature of the magneto-particle size relationship is different when examined in terms of land use. The fact that magnetic properties and textural parameters have strong relationship indicates that magnetic methods could be considered a potential particle size proxy in Jalingo. However, since the relationship does not follow predictable and consistent patterns of other studies in top soils and sedimentary settings, it brings to fore the non-universality of the method. Hence, the type of relationship existing between magnetic and particle size properties in an environmental setting must be determined before applying the magnetic method as particle size proxy.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
The use of mineral magnetic techniques as pollution proxy for road deposited sediment was explore... more The use of mineral magnetic techniques as pollution proxy for road deposited sediment was explored using various statistical approaches. Standard techniques were adopted for measurement of mineral magnetic and geochemical parameters. The analyses of magnetic parameters revealed that the samples were dominated by ferrimagnetic minerals and multidomain grains. This implied that the magnetic fractions in the samples might be of anthropogenic origin. Results also indicate that the samples were dominated by low coercive, magnetically soft minerals. Thermomagnetic curves confirmed magnetite as the remanence bearing magnetic mineral having a Curie point temperature of ~580 °C. The strong association observed between magnetic susceptibility, susceptibility of anhysteric remanent magnetization and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization and aluminum, titanium, manganese, iron, chromium and lead demonstrated that these metals occurred as ferrimagnetic particles of technogenic origin resulting from vehicular sources. Assessment of pollution status of the road deposited sediment identified silicon and lead as the priority pollutants of concern. Generally, pollution load index was <1 (mean, 0.66 ± 0.14), indicating that the samples were not polluted in the overall, but the metals were in the buildup stage requiring constant monitoring. The sources of pollutants from principal component and cluster analyses identified the sources of pollution to be mainly from vehicular emissions such as brake linings, exhaust materials, tire wear, corroded metal parts, abrasion of lubricating oil and road construction materials. This study found that mineral magnetic techniques offer great potential as pollution proxy for soil pollution studies.
Geofísica Internacional, 2014
An investigation of the effect of some human activities on the magnetic susceptibility and freque... more An investigation of the effect of some human activities on the magnetic susceptibility and frequency dependent susceptibility was conducted on top soil samples from, a commercial area, a motor park and a school environment in Jalingo, Taraba State, N-E Nigeria. The purpose was to assess the variation grains or SP grains < 0.05μm. The value of χ fd % range from 2.68 to 13.80% with an average value of 8.67% in the JCOE samples, 0.49 to 10.04% with an average of 5.05% in the JMM samples and 0.56 to 13.04% with an average value of 5.86% in the JMP samples.
Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(3):281-290 Authors: Agada Livinus Emeka, Adetola Sunda... more Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(3):281-290 Authors: Agada Livinus Emeka, Adetola Sunday Oniku, and Osita Meludu Received 25 April 2020/Accepted 17 June 2020 Electrical resistivity method was used to evaluate the groundwater potential of Gashua, Northeast Nigeria. A total of ten (10) vertical electrical sounding (VES) using Schlumberger electrode configuration were carried out. The field data was interpreted using Winresist version 1. The results of the electrical resistivity survey indicated that the study area is composed of five geoelectrical layers namely; the topsoil (which is a mixture of sand and clay materials), clay, sand, sandy clay and sand. The resistivity of the first layer range from 42.7 to 199.7 Ωm and its thickness range from 0.6 to 1.9 m, the second layer had resistivity ranging from 16.5 to 37.9 Ωm with a thickness ranging from 4.1 to 10.7 m. The resistivity of the third layer ranged from 101.2 to 288.2 Ωm and the thickness ranged from 38.9 to 99.7 m, t...
Scientific Reports, 2020
This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare par... more This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare part market in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil and water samples were collected within and outside the market for heavy metal (As, Pb, Mg, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Ag) analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results indicate that all the heavy metals analyzed show higher concentration within the recycling market than the control location. The concentration of heavy metals at the market decreases with an increasing depth between 0 and 50 cm and appears to be stable below 50 cm of the soil depth. All the Hazard Indices (HI) estimated for the soil samples are less than one (< 1) which is the standard set by USEPA, whereas, the Hazard Index (HI) for the water samples within the station is greater than 1. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for soil samples ranged from level I to level V, while that of water samples ranged from level VI to Level VII based on Delphii method of class...