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Papers by Annise Proboningrat

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Currently, reptiles, especially snakes, are increasingly popular as pets worldwide and are often ... more Currently, reptiles, especially snakes, are increasingly popular as pets worldwide and are often consumed by several communities in Indonesia. This trend needs attention from a public health perspective because it can potentially cause zoonotic diseases, including parasitic disease such as pentastomiasis. This study aimed to determine: the prevalence of pentastomiasis, identify the parasite and observe the pulmonary histopathology in Oriental Rat Snakes (Ptyas mucosa Linnaeus 1758) collected in Tulangan, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The methods used were calculating the prevalence of pentastomiasis, semichen-acetic carmine staining, and identifying parasites and eggs based on references as a comparison. Furthermore, histopathological preparation and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed on the lungs infected with the parasite to observe the microscopic lesions. The results showed that 65% of the snakes had pentastomiasis, and the parasites were called Kiricephalus pattoni Stephens 1908. Furthermore, a microscopical examination revealed mild fibrosis in the pulmonary area due to pentastomid infestation. This study is the first reported pentastomida in P. mucosa in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, showing that snakes caught and commonly consumed were infected with zoonotic pentastomic.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Globally, the leading cause of death from cancer in women is infection with the human papillomavi... more Globally, the leading cause of death from cancer in women is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). This calls for imperative actions to explore anticancer drugs against this threatening viral infection, in which case, natural ingredients are presumed to be a promising source. Several studies show that plant-origin compounds such as allicin, apigenin, capsaicin, cyanidin, fisetin, genistein, laricitrin, naringenin, piperine, and syringetin have demonstrated therapeutic effects against several cancer types. In this study, the interaction mechanism of these compounds with HPV-18 E6 oncoprotein, that is known to downregulate tumor suppressor p53, was predicted using an in silico approach. Molecular docking simulations of natural ligands and E6 protein were performe, followed by chemical interaction analysis and 3D molecular visualization. Results indicated that fisetin is the best natural inhibitor as it has the lowest binding energy. It is highly recommended that the results o...

Indian Veterinary Association, Oct 1, 2019

Herbal remedy is a type of alternative medicine that originates from plants and have been around ... more Herbal remedy is a type of alternative medicine that originates from plants and have been around for centuries. This study to analyze Phaleria macrocarpa L. pulp extract (PMPE) on male fertility by assesing its effect on sperm characteristic including sperm count, motility, viability and membrane integrity.Twenty four males adult of Rattus norvegicus were seperated into four groups. The treatment of three groups were done orally, once a day with 0.25 mL supplemented for four weeks either with PMPE at doses 7.5 mg/kg (P1), 15 mg/kg (P2), 30 mg/kg (P4) and CMCNa 0.5% (P0). PMPE significantly increases the percentage of sperm characteristic.

Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services), 2021

Community service of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga aimed to overcome probl... more Community service of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga aimed to overcome problems related to the continuous supply of animal feed. This implementation of community service activities in collaboration with Pupus Village, Lembeyan District, Magetan Regency. The activities started from preparation to implementation in July – September 2021. This program introduces the use of agricultural waste and secondary crops for the manufacture of haylage feed and the manufacture of Temulawak Molasses Block (TMB) to increase the productivity of beef cattle and also as an effort to increase the income and prosperity of farmers. The method used to achieve the output target is through coaching and evaluation. Based on the results of the posttest, it shows an increase in the understanding of farmers about 80% regarding the manufacture of animal feed using the haylage and TMB techniques as a way to provide sustainable animal feed.Keywords: haylage, TMB, beef cattle, meat self-suffici...

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2020

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can l... more Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can lead to the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is a solemn illness with no endowed antiviral medication or recognized vaccine. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the activity of Annona squamosa leaf extract (ASLE) against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013 (NCBI accession number: KT012509). Methods: In this study, the antiviral activity of ASLE was evaluated against DENV-2 in Vero cells using Viral ToxGlo™ Assay. In addition, we used CellTiter-Glo ® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay to set the amount of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP. Results: DENV-2 replication inhibited by ASLE in Vero cells with IC 50 = 73.78 μg/mL and SI = 4.49 when cells were treated two days after virus infection, whereas its CC 50 for cytotoxicity to Vero cells was 331.54 μg/mL. Interestingly, this is the first report on the investigation of ASLE against DENV-2. Conclusion: In summary, ASLE demonstrated the antiviral activity against DENV-2 with less toxicity, and high possibility as a drug candidate. Therefore, it might be suggested for in vivo assessment in the progress of a potent antiviral against DENV-2.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2019

The extract of Allium cepa L. is commonly used as adjuvant therapy for cancer that includes a pot... more The extract of Allium cepa L. is commonly used as adjuvant therapy for cancer that includes a potential source of anticancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity from a crude extract of Allium cepa L. against human colon cancer (WiDr) cells. The cytotoxic effect of Allium cepa L. extract was determined using MTT assay. The Allium cepa L. extract inhibited the proliferation of WiDr cells, but revealed no potent cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 1363.29 µg/mL on WiDr cells. The results showed that Allium cepa L. extract was no longer active as an anticancer drug, but it would be more active using the direct-bioactive compound of Allium cepa L. Some intens observations are still required to maximize its potential as one of chemotherapeutic agents in the future. On the other hand, further studies are needed to obtain the right dose of Allium cepa L. extract that can inhibit the cell growth well and determine the accuracy of its mechanism on WiDr cells as one of therapeutic strategies to treat human colon cancer.

Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 2019

This study aimed to prepare Annona squamosa leaf extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE... more This study aimed to prepare Annona squamosa leaf extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE) against human colon cancer (WiDr) cells. Nano-ASLE was made with ionic gelation method. Four concentrations of the nano-ASLE (50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) in dimethyl sulfoxide were prepared on WiDr cells to determine the IC50 value using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Then, it was divided into three groups of concentration of IC50, 2IC50, and 4IC50 and continued with analysis of caspase-3 expression and cell cycle arrest. The results of particles size were obtained 535.1 nm and showed potent cytotoxicity with IC50 292.39 μg/mL. The expression of caspase-3 increased significantly and caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis on WiDr cells. Further studies are needed to obtain the loading efficiency, release of drug concentration, and in vivo study of nano-ASLE to suppress WiDr cells.

Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2019

Objectives: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) belongs to the congenital anomaly that is clinically seen ... more Objectives: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) belongs to the congenital anomaly that is clinically seen as cleft in lip, alveolar bone, palate, and nasal septum. The patients suffer from esthetic and various functional defects. CLP is resulted from impaired palatogenesis during the embryonic phase. The etiology of CLP is influenced by genetic, environmental, and combination of both. According to the literature, CLP is highly associated with defect in interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) and poliovirus receptor-like (PVRL1) genes. The present study aimed to investigate the total protein profile and to identify protein IRF6 and PVRL1 in plasma of CLP patients. Materials and Methods: Dot-Blot analysis was performed to identify protein target of IRF6 and PVRL1. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed in gel concentration 12% using plasma of CLP patients, their parents, and control population. The gels were stained by Coomassie blue afterward. Gels were analyzed through ImageLab 5.2.1 software. Results: The intensity of major bands in CLP patients was darker than control group, but remains similar to the parents group. The target protein IRF6 and PVRL1 were positively identified through Dot-Blot. Retardation factor value was significantly different in major bands of CLP patients compared to control group. Conclusion: There pattern of protein profile in CLP patients was different compared to non-CLP.

Ecology, Environment and Conservation

This study aims to prove the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histopathological fea... more This study aims to prove the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histopathological features of seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to methylmercury. A total of 20 male mice were divided into five groups (C-, C+, T1, T2, T3) and treated for 21 days. C- given 0.01 ml of aquadest, C+ was given 0.4 mg/kg of methyl mercury, T1 was given 200 mg/Kg of Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/Kg of methyl mercury, T2 was given 400 mg/Kg of Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/Kg bw of methylmercury, and T3 were given 800 mg/Kg of Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/Kg of methylmercury. The histopathological features of the seminiferous tubules were examined using the Modified Johnsen Scoring method. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that Moringa oleifera leaf extract reduced the level of damage to the testicular Seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to methylmercury. Moringa oleifer...

October-2019, 2019

Background and Aim: Cervical cancer accounts for the fourth as a cause of death from cancer in wo... more Background and Aim: Cervical cancer accounts for the fourth as a cause of death from cancer in women worldwide, with more than 85% of events and deaths occurring in developing countries. The main problems of chemotherapy are the lack of selectivity and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the signal transduction of chitosan-based Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles (Nano-PMBE) as an anticancer on HeLa cell line. Materials and Methods: Nano-PMBE was prepared based on the ionic gelation method. Its anticancer activities in HeLa cells were investigated through cytotoxicity test, cell cycle, and apoptosis analysis. The expression of p53 and caspase-9 was also observed. Results: The results showed that Nano-PMBE has a size of 394.3 nm. Meanwhile, the Nano-PMBE was cytotoxic to HeLa cells ( IC50 of 384.10 μg/ml), caused G0/G1 phase arrest and cell apoptosis in HeLa cells. Besides, the expression of p53 and caspase-9 has increased. Conclusion: The results showed a notable...

This research aimed to demonstrate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histopathol... more This research aimed to demonstrate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histopathological features of testicular seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to methylmercury. Twenty male mice were divided into five groups (C –, C +, T 1, T 2, T 3) and treated for 21 days. C – were administered 0.01 ml aquadest, C + were administered 0.4 mg/kg bw methylmercury, T 1 were administered 200 mg/kg bw Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/kg bw of methylmercury, T 2 were administered 400 mg/kg bw Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/kg bw methylmercury, and T 3 were administered 800 mg/kg bw Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/kg bw methylmercury. The histopathological features of testicular seminiferous tubules were examined using Modified Johnsen Scoring method. The obtained data were analyzed with Kruskal- Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. The result showed that Moringa oleifera leaf extract reduced the damage of testicular seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus muscu...

This research aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activities of Pinus merkusii (Jungh. et de Vri... more This research aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activities of Pinus merkusii (Jungh. et de Vriese) bark extract nanoparticles on human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles were prepared using ionotropic gelation method, then were characterized using particle size analyzer and screened for the phytochemical contents. The anti-cancer activities of Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles against HeLa cells were evaluated for the cytotoxicity effect based on MTT assay, the cell cycle arrest by flowcytometry, apoptosis induction using Annexin V/PI binding methods, and, further, the p53 and caspase-9 expression with the help of immunocytochemistry staining. The results showed that Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles have a size of 394,3 nm and phytochemical contents in the form of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. Meanwhile, the Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles were found to be cytotoxic to Hela cells with an IC50 of ...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021

Dengue is a major mosquito-borne disease that currently has no effective antiviral or vaccine ava... more Dengue is a major mosquito-borne disease that currently has no effective antiviral or vaccine available. Recently, Indonesia is one of the largest countries in the dengue-endemic region, with a total population of more than 250 million. In the present study, the antiviral activity of P. merkusii stem bark and cone were evaluated against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2; NCBI accession number: KT012509) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia. We revealed that P. merkusii stem bark and cone inhibited DENV-2 in Vero cells (originally from African green monkey kidney) with IC50= 140.63 μg/mL and 73.78 μg/mL, CC50= 89.65 μg/mL and 249.5 μg/mL, SI= 0.64 and 3.38, respectively. The findings presented here suggest that P. merkusii stem bark and cone exerts potent antiviral activity against DENV-2. Hence, P. merkusii stem bark and cone are potent to inhibit DENV-2 and should be considered for in vivo evaluation in the development of an effective antiviral compound against DENV-2.

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2020

Middle class people who live in rural or urban areas often find it difficult to access modern hea... more Middle class people who live in rural or urban areas often find it difficult to access modern health services, so they more often use traditional medicines obtained from herbal plants that grow around them. Alpinia galanga (Zingiberaceae), often referred to as galangal, is one type of herbal plant that is widely grown in Asia. Many developing countries cultivate this plant, including Indonesia. This plant has a variety of benefits, ranging from being used as a food flavoring, which creates a distinctive aroma in cooking. This plant can also be used as a treatment for various diseases. Although the galangal rhizome is the most widely used and studied part of the plant, the flower on the galangal plant can also provide additional benefits because these flowers have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, although their chemical composition is different from parts of the galangal rhizome. This study, therefore, aimed to describe the traditional use of rhizome galangal, its phytochemi...

Several efforts have been made to discover new anticancer agents based on natural ingredients. Me... more Several efforts have been made to discover new anticancer agents based on natural ingredients. Meanwhile, previous studies have shown that different Pine genus species exhibit cytotoxic activity against various types of cancer cells. This plant is rich in phenolic compounds, especially procyanidins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Pinus merkusii needles extract on HeLa cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity assessment was measured using MTT assay and expressed as IC50 value. The results showed that the ethanolic extract poses a dose and time-dependent cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 542.5 µg/ml at 48 hours of incubation. Based on this result, Pinus merkusii needles’ ethanolic extract has the potential of a novel candidate for an anticancer agent.

Pharmacognosy Journal

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can l... more Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can lead to the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is a solemn illness with no endowed antiviral medication or recognized vaccine. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the activity of Annona squamosa leaf extract (ASLE) against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013 (NCBI accession number: KT012509). Methods: In this study, the antiviral activity of ASLE was evaluated against DENV-2 in Vero cells using Viral ToxGlo™ Assay. In addition, we used CellTiter-Glo ® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay to set the amount of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP. Results: DENV-2 replication inhibited by ASLE in Vero cells with IC 50 = 73.78 μg/mL and SI = 4.49 when cells were treated two days after virus infection, whereas its CC 50 for cytotoxicity to Vero cells was 331.54 μg/mL. Interestingly, this is the first report on the investigation of ASLE against DENV-2. Conclusion: In summary, ASLE demonstrated the antiviral activity against DENV-2 with less toxicity, and high possibility as a drug candidate. Therefore, it might be suggested for in vivo assessment in the progress of a potent antiviral against DENV-2.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Cancer is a significant global health problem today and responsible for most deaths after cardiov... more Cancer is a significant global health problem today and responsible for most deaths after cardiovascular diseases. One of the conventional modalities for cancer treatment is chemotherapy. However, it has many side effects and complications. Therefore, the search for novel drug candidates from natural ingredients that are more effective and have minimal side effects is critical. This study is aimed to determine the cytotoxic effect of Allium cepa L. extract on human cervical cancer cells. The cytotoxicity test procedure was performed using MTT assay against HeLa cells. The result revealed that Allium cepa L. ethanolic extract has a weak cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells with IC50 of 900.88 µg/ml. Further research into Allium cepa L. is required to isolate and identify its components and determine their potential as new agents against HeLa cells.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

Background: Annona squamosa is reported has a significant cytotoxic activity in some cancer cells... more Background: Annona squamosa is reported has a significant cytotoxic activity in some cancer cells. Objectives: Thus, this study aim to investigate Annona squamosa leaf extract induced by chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE) to enhance their biological activity as anticancer agent on HeLa cells. Methods: Nano-ASLE (50, 100, 200, 400 µg/mL in DMSO) given on HeLa cells to determined IC 50 value by MTT assay. Then, it was devided into three groups as follow IC 50 , 2IC 50 , 4IC 50 continued with analysis of caspase-3 expression. Results: The present study demonstrated that nano-ASLE can surpress HeLa cells proliferation with the IC 50 value of 344.48 µg/mL and rapid enhancement of caspase-3 activity has the mean score of 65.3 cell expression and the lowest score shows 45.3 cell expression. Conclusion: Nano-ASLE lead to HeLa cell death via the mitochondrial pathway on caspase-3 expression. In addition, the further studies are needed to obtain the loading efficiency, release of drug concentration and in vivo study of nano-ASLE to suppress HeLa cells.

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Currently, reptiles, especially snakes, are increasingly popular as pets worldwide and are often ... more Currently, reptiles, especially snakes, are increasingly popular as pets worldwide and are often consumed by several communities in Indonesia. This trend needs attention from a public health perspective because it can potentially cause zoonotic diseases, including parasitic disease such as pentastomiasis. This study aimed to determine: the prevalence of pentastomiasis, identify the parasite and observe the pulmonary histopathology in Oriental Rat Snakes (Ptyas mucosa Linnaeus 1758) collected in Tulangan, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The methods used were calculating the prevalence of pentastomiasis, semichen-acetic carmine staining, and identifying parasites and eggs based on references as a comparison. Furthermore, histopathological preparation and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed on the lungs infected with the parasite to observe the microscopic lesions. The results showed that 65% of the snakes had pentastomiasis, and the parasites were called Kiricephalus pattoni Stephens 1908. Furthermore, a microscopical examination revealed mild fibrosis in the pulmonary area due to pentastomid infestation. This study is the first reported pentastomida in P. mucosa in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, showing that snakes caught and commonly consumed were infected with zoonotic pentastomic.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Globally, the leading cause of death from cancer in women is infection with the human papillomavi... more Globally, the leading cause of death from cancer in women is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). This calls for imperative actions to explore anticancer drugs against this threatening viral infection, in which case, natural ingredients are presumed to be a promising source. Several studies show that plant-origin compounds such as allicin, apigenin, capsaicin, cyanidin, fisetin, genistein, laricitrin, naringenin, piperine, and syringetin have demonstrated therapeutic effects against several cancer types. In this study, the interaction mechanism of these compounds with HPV-18 E6 oncoprotein, that is known to downregulate tumor suppressor p53, was predicted using an in silico approach. Molecular docking simulations of natural ligands and E6 protein were performe, followed by chemical interaction analysis and 3D molecular visualization. Results indicated that fisetin is the best natural inhibitor as it has the lowest binding energy. It is highly recommended that the results o...

Indian Veterinary Association, Oct 1, 2019

Herbal remedy is a type of alternative medicine that originates from plants and have been around ... more Herbal remedy is a type of alternative medicine that originates from plants and have been around for centuries. This study to analyze Phaleria macrocarpa L. pulp extract (PMPE) on male fertility by assesing its effect on sperm characteristic including sperm count, motility, viability and membrane integrity.Twenty four males adult of Rattus norvegicus were seperated into four groups. The treatment of three groups were done orally, once a day with 0.25 mL supplemented for four weeks either with PMPE at doses 7.5 mg/kg (P1), 15 mg/kg (P2), 30 mg/kg (P4) and CMCNa 0.5% (P0). PMPE significantly increases the percentage of sperm characteristic.

Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services), 2021

Community service of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga aimed to overcome probl... more Community service of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga aimed to overcome problems related to the continuous supply of animal feed. This implementation of community service activities in collaboration with Pupus Village, Lembeyan District, Magetan Regency. The activities started from preparation to implementation in July – September 2021. This program introduces the use of agricultural waste and secondary crops for the manufacture of haylage feed and the manufacture of Temulawak Molasses Block (TMB) to increase the productivity of beef cattle and also as an effort to increase the income and prosperity of farmers. The method used to achieve the output target is through coaching and evaluation. Based on the results of the posttest, it shows an increase in the understanding of farmers about 80% regarding the manufacture of animal feed using the haylage and TMB techniques as a way to provide sustainable animal feed.Keywords: haylage, TMB, beef cattle, meat self-suffici...

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2020

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can l... more Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can lead to the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is a solemn illness with no endowed antiviral medication or recognized vaccine. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the activity of Annona squamosa leaf extract (ASLE) against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013 (NCBI accession number: KT012509). Methods: In this study, the antiviral activity of ASLE was evaluated against DENV-2 in Vero cells using Viral ToxGlo™ Assay. In addition, we used CellTiter-Glo ® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay to set the amount of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP. Results: DENV-2 replication inhibited by ASLE in Vero cells with IC 50 = 73.78 μg/mL and SI = 4.49 when cells were treated two days after virus infection, whereas its CC 50 for cytotoxicity to Vero cells was 331.54 μg/mL. Interestingly, this is the first report on the investigation of ASLE against DENV-2. Conclusion: In summary, ASLE demonstrated the antiviral activity against DENV-2 with less toxicity, and high possibility as a drug candidate. Therefore, it might be suggested for in vivo assessment in the progress of a potent antiviral against DENV-2.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2019

The extract of Allium cepa L. is commonly used as adjuvant therapy for cancer that includes a pot... more The extract of Allium cepa L. is commonly used as adjuvant therapy for cancer that includes a potential source of anticancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity from a crude extract of Allium cepa L. against human colon cancer (WiDr) cells. The cytotoxic effect of Allium cepa L. extract was determined using MTT assay. The Allium cepa L. extract inhibited the proliferation of WiDr cells, but revealed no potent cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 1363.29 µg/mL on WiDr cells. The results showed that Allium cepa L. extract was no longer active as an anticancer drug, but it would be more active using the direct-bioactive compound of Allium cepa L. Some intens observations are still required to maximize its potential as one of chemotherapeutic agents in the future. On the other hand, further studies are needed to obtain the right dose of Allium cepa L. extract that can inhibit the cell growth well and determine the accuracy of its mechanism on WiDr cells as one of therapeutic strategies to treat human colon cancer.

Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 2019

This study aimed to prepare Annona squamosa leaf extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE... more This study aimed to prepare Annona squamosa leaf extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE) against human colon cancer (WiDr) cells. Nano-ASLE was made with ionic gelation method. Four concentrations of the nano-ASLE (50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) in dimethyl sulfoxide were prepared on WiDr cells to determine the IC50 value using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Then, it was divided into three groups of concentration of IC50, 2IC50, and 4IC50 and continued with analysis of caspase-3 expression and cell cycle arrest. The results of particles size were obtained 535.1 nm and showed potent cytotoxicity with IC50 292.39 μg/mL. The expression of caspase-3 increased significantly and caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis on WiDr cells. Further studies are needed to obtain the loading efficiency, release of drug concentration, and in vivo study of nano-ASLE to suppress WiDr cells.

Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2019

Objectives: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) belongs to the congenital anomaly that is clinically seen ... more Objectives: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) belongs to the congenital anomaly that is clinically seen as cleft in lip, alveolar bone, palate, and nasal septum. The patients suffer from esthetic and various functional defects. CLP is resulted from impaired palatogenesis during the embryonic phase. The etiology of CLP is influenced by genetic, environmental, and combination of both. According to the literature, CLP is highly associated with defect in interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) and poliovirus receptor-like (PVRL1) genes. The present study aimed to investigate the total protein profile and to identify protein IRF6 and PVRL1 in plasma of CLP patients. Materials and Methods: Dot-Blot analysis was performed to identify protein target of IRF6 and PVRL1. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed in gel concentration 12% using plasma of CLP patients, their parents, and control population. The gels were stained by Coomassie blue afterward. Gels were analyzed through ImageLab 5.2.1 software. Results: The intensity of major bands in CLP patients was darker than control group, but remains similar to the parents group. The target protein IRF6 and PVRL1 were positively identified through Dot-Blot. Retardation factor value was significantly different in major bands of CLP patients compared to control group. Conclusion: There pattern of protein profile in CLP patients was different compared to non-CLP.

Ecology, Environment and Conservation

This study aims to prove the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histopathological fea... more This study aims to prove the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histopathological features of seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to methylmercury. A total of 20 male mice were divided into five groups (C-, C+, T1, T2, T3) and treated for 21 days. C- given 0.01 ml of aquadest, C+ was given 0.4 mg/kg of methyl mercury, T1 was given 200 mg/Kg of Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/Kg of methyl mercury, T2 was given 400 mg/Kg of Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/Kg bw of methylmercury, and T3 were given 800 mg/Kg of Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/Kg of methylmercury. The histopathological features of the seminiferous tubules were examined using the Modified Johnsen Scoring method. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that Moringa oleifera leaf extract reduced the level of damage to the testicular Seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to methylmercury. Moringa oleifer...

October-2019, 2019

Background and Aim: Cervical cancer accounts for the fourth as a cause of death from cancer in wo... more Background and Aim: Cervical cancer accounts for the fourth as a cause of death from cancer in women worldwide, with more than 85% of events and deaths occurring in developing countries. The main problems of chemotherapy are the lack of selectivity and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the signal transduction of chitosan-based Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles (Nano-PMBE) as an anticancer on HeLa cell line. Materials and Methods: Nano-PMBE was prepared based on the ionic gelation method. Its anticancer activities in HeLa cells were investigated through cytotoxicity test, cell cycle, and apoptosis analysis. The expression of p53 and caspase-9 was also observed. Results: The results showed that Nano-PMBE has a size of 394.3 nm. Meanwhile, the Nano-PMBE was cytotoxic to HeLa cells ( IC50 of 384.10 μg/ml), caused G0/G1 phase arrest and cell apoptosis in HeLa cells. Besides, the expression of p53 and caspase-9 has increased. Conclusion: The results showed a notable...

This research aimed to demonstrate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histopathol... more This research aimed to demonstrate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histopathological features of testicular seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to methylmercury. Twenty male mice were divided into five groups (C –, C +, T 1, T 2, T 3) and treated for 21 days. C – were administered 0.01 ml aquadest, C + were administered 0.4 mg/kg bw methylmercury, T 1 were administered 200 mg/kg bw Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/kg bw of methylmercury, T 2 were administered 400 mg/kg bw Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/kg bw methylmercury, and T 3 were administered 800 mg/kg bw Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/kg bw methylmercury. The histopathological features of testicular seminiferous tubules were examined using Modified Johnsen Scoring method. The obtained data were analyzed with Kruskal- Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. The result showed that Moringa oleifera leaf extract reduced the damage of testicular seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus muscu...

This research aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activities of Pinus merkusii (Jungh. et de Vri... more This research aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activities of Pinus merkusii (Jungh. et de Vriese) bark extract nanoparticles on human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles were prepared using ionotropic gelation method, then were characterized using particle size analyzer and screened for the phytochemical contents. The anti-cancer activities of Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles against HeLa cells were evaluated for the cytotoxicity effect based on MTT assay, the cell cycle arrest by flowcytometry, apoptosis induction using Annexin V/PI binding methods, and, further, the p53 and caspase-9 expression with the help of immunocytochemistry staining. The results showed that Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles have a size of 394,3 nm and phytochemical contents in the form of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. Meanwhile, the Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles were found to be cytotoxic to Hela cells with an IC50 of ...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021

Dengue is a major mosquito-borne disease that currently has no effective antiviral or vaccine ava... more Dengue is a major mosquito-borne disease that currently has no effective antiviral or vaccine available. Recently, Indonesia is one of the largest countries in the dengue-endemic region, with a total population of more than 250 million. In the present study, the antiviral activity of P. merkusii stem bark and cone were evaluated against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2; NCBI accession number: KT012509) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia. We revealed that P. merkusii stem bark and cone inhibited DENV-2 in Vero cells (originally from African green monkey kidney) with IC50= 140.63 μg/mL and 73.78 μg/mL, CC50= 89.65 μg/mL and 249.5 μg/mL, SI= 0.64 and 3.38, respectively. The findings presented here suggest that P. merkusii stem bark and cone exerts potent antiviral activity against DENV-2. Hence, P. merkusii stem bark and cone are potent to inhibit DENV-2 and should be considered for in vivo evaluation in the development of an effective antiviral compound against DENV-2.

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2020

Middle class people who live in rural or urban areas often find it difficult to access modern hea... more Middle class people who live in rural or urban areas often find it difficult to access modern health services, so they more often use traditional medicines obtained from herbal plants that grow around them. Alpinia galanga (Zingiberaceae), often referred to as galangal, is one type of herbal plant that is widely grown in Asia. Many developing countries cultivate this plant, including Indonesia. This plant has a variety of benefits, ranging from being used as a food flavoring, which creates a distinctive aroma in cooking. This plant can also be used as a treatment for various diseases. Although the galangal rhizome is the most widely used and studied part of the plant, the flower on the galangal plant can also provide additional benefits because these flowers have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, although their chemical composition is different from parts of the galangal rhizome. This study, therefore, aimed to describe the traditional use of rhizome galangal, its phytochemi...

Several efforts have been made to discover new anticancer agents based on natural ingredients. Me... more Several efforts have been made to discover new anticancer agents based on natural ingredients. Meanwhile, previous studies have shown that different Pine genus species exhibit cytotoxic activity against various types of cancer cells. This plant is rich in phenolic compounds, especially procyanidins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Pinus merkusii needles extract on HeLa cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity assessment was measured using MTT assay and expressed as IC50 value. The results showed that the ethanolic extract poses a dose and time-dependent cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 542.5 µg/ml at 48 hours of incubation. Based on this result, Pinus merkusii needles’ ethanolic extract has the potential of a novel candidate for an anticancer agent.

Pharmacognosy Journal

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can l... more Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can lead to the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is a solemn illness with no endowed antiviral medication or recognized vaccine. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the activity of Annona squamosa leaf extract (ASLE) against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013 (NCBI accession number: KT012509). Methods: In this study, the antiviral activity of ASLE was evaluated against DENV-2 in Vero cells using Viral ToxGlo™ Assay. In addition, we used CellTiter-Glo ® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay to set the amount of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP. Results: DENV-2 replication inhibited by ASLE in Vero cells with IC 50 = 73.78 μg/mL and SI = 4.49 when cells were treated two days after virus infection, whereas its CC 50 for cytotoxicity to Vero cells was 331.54 μg/mL. Interestingly, this is the first report on the investigation of ASLE against DENV-2. Conclusion: In summary, ASLE demonstrated the antiviral activity against DENV-2 with less toxicity, and high possibility as a drug candidate. Therefore, it might be suggested for in vivo assessment in the progress of a potent antiviral against DENV-2.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Cancer is a significant global health problem today and responsible for most deaths after cardiov... more Cancer is a significant global health problem today and responsible for most deaths after cardiovascular diseases. One of the conventional modalities for cancer treatment is chemotherapy. However, it has many side effects and complications. Therefore, the search for novel drug candidates from natural ingredients that are more effective and have minimal side effects is critical. This study is aimed to determine the cytotoxic effect of Allium cepa L. extract on human cervical cancer cells. The cytotoxicity test procedure was performed using MTT assay against HeLa cells. The result revealed that Allium cepa L. ethanolic extract has a weak cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells with IC50 of 900.88 µg/ml. Further research into Allium cepa L. is required to isolate and identify its components and determine their potential as new agents against HeLa cells.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

Background: Annona squamosa is reported has a significant cytotoxic activity in some cancer cells... more Background: Annona squamosa is reported has a significant cytotoxic activity in some cancer cells. Objectives: Thus, this study aim to investigate Annona squamosa leaf extract induced by chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE) to enhance their biological activity as anticancer agent on HeLa cells. Methods: Nano-ASLE (50, 100, 200, 400 µg/mL in DMSO) given on HeLa cells to determined IC 50 value by MTT assay. Then, it was devided into three groups as follow IC 50 , 2IC 50 , 4IC 50 continued with analysis of caspase-3 expression. Results: The present study demonstrated that nano-ASLE can surpress HeLa cells proliferation with the IC 50 value of 344.48 µg/mL and rapid enhancement of caspase-3 activity has the mean score of 65.3 cell expression and the lowest score shows 45.3 cell expression. Conclusion: Nano-ASLE lead to HeLa cell death via the mitochondrial pathway on caspase-3 expression. In addition, the further studies are needed to obtain the loading efficiency, release of drug concentration and in vivo study of nano-ASLE to suppress HeLa cells.