A. Raymer - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by A. Raymer
Neuropsychologia, 1997
Two patients with dominant thalamic infarction, one in the tuberothalamic artery territory, the o... more Two patients with dominant thalamic infarction, one in the tuberothalamic artery territory, the other in the paramedian artery territory, demonstrated language impairment limited to word retrieval difficulties in spontaneous language and structured naming tasks. Using a cognitive neuropsychological model of lexical processing developed in the study of patients with cortical lesions. We carried out a detailed investigation of their lexical abilities. Both patients demonstrated impairment restricted to oral and written picture naming and oral naming to definition and spared performance on tasks of lexical comprehension, oral word reading, and writing to dictation, as well as syntactic comprehension and production. Naming impairment disproportionately affected lower frequency words, and word substitutions often corresponded to objects that were semantically-related to target words. We propose that our patients' word retrieval impairments reflect a failure of thalamic input to effectively engage the cortical networks subserving lexical semantic processing, leading to degraded levels of activation as the semantic system interfaces with subsequent stages of lexical processing.
Neurocase, 2000
Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (GPC) allows the pronunciation of nonword letter strings and of re... more Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (GPC) allows the pronunciation of nonword letter strings and of real words with which the literate reader has no previous experience. Although cross-modal association between visual (orthographic) and auditory (phonemic-input) representations may contribute to GPC, many cases of deep or phonologic alexia result from injury to anterior perisylvian regions. Thus, GPC may rely upon associations between orthographic and articulatory (phonemic-output) representations. Detailed analysis of a patient with phonologic alexia suggests that defective knowledge of the position and motion of the articulatory apparatus might contribute to impaired transcoding from letters to sounds.
Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 2000
Neuropsychiatry, neuropsychology, and behavioral neurology, 1999
Ideomotor apraxia was studied in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and unilateral left hemisph... more Ideomotor apraxia was studied in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and unilateral left hemispheric damaged (LHD) stroke to determine whether these groups differed. Given that the neuropathology of AD is bilateral and more diffuse than the localized involvement in patients after an LHD stroke, and given that the cognitive deficits in AD are more widespread than in LHD stroke, the authors predicted that patients with these disorders would differ in response to an auditory command task administered to evaluate ideomotor apraxia, and that the two patient groups would be significantly more impaired than healthy matched control subjects. Twenty-one persons were studied, including equal numbers of patients with AD, patients with unilateral LHD stroke, and control subjects. An auditory command test of limb apraxia was administered and videotaped to score performance and to code spatial-temporal or content errors. The patients with AD and LHD stroke were significantly more impaired than h...
Clinics in communication disorders, 1991
1. Clin Commun Disord. 1991 Spring;1(1):7-20. Assessment of naming failures in neurological commu... more 1. Clin Commun Disord. 1991 Spring;1(1):7-20. Assessment of naming failures in neurological communication disorders. Rothi LJ, Raymer AM, Maher L, Greenwald M, Morris M. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608-1197. ...
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1995
Humans learn skilled acts in order to effectively interact with their environment. A loss of the ... more Humans learn skilled acts in order to effectively interact with their environment. A loss of the ability to perform skilled acts is termed apraxia. Apraxia has been thought to be of theoretical interest, but the ecological implications of apraxia are controversial and have not been fully studied. We examined ten patients with unilateral left hemisphere cerebral infarctions (eight of whom were apraxic) and compared their mealtime eating behavior to a group of neurologically normal, age-matched controls. The stroke patients were less efficient in completing the meal. They made more action errors and were less organized in the sequencing of mealtime activities. Because the patients made more errors while using tools than when performing nontool actions, their deficit could not be accounted for by an elemental motor deficit. A positive relationship was found between mealtime action errors and the severity of apraxia. These findings suggest that limb apraxia may adversely influence activ...
Brain and Cognition, 1995
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1996
Recent modifications of the lexical model of oral reading make the prediction that under conditio... more Recent modifications of the lexical model of oral reading make the prediction that under conditions where sublexical reading processes alone cannot achieve the target pronunciation (i.e., when words have exceptional spellings or when sublexical processes are impaired), patients with severe semantic impairment should have more difficulty reading aloud semantically impaired words than semantically retained words. In a battery of lexical-semantic and reading tasks, two neurologically normal control subjects and two subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and only moderate semantic impairment read aloud all words accurately. One AD subject with severe semantic impairment was impaired in word reading but demonstrated no difference in reading words with regular and exceptional spellings. Another AD subject with severe semantic impairment read aloud without error virtually all regular and exception words. Neither severely impaired AD subject demonstrated any relationship betwee...
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2005
Objective: To gain an insight into speech and language therapists' perspectives and practices on ... more Objective: To gain an insight into speech and language therapists' perspectives and practices on quality of life in aphasia. Participants and Methods: The International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics Aphasia Committee developed a survey questionnaire, which was delivered on-line, anonymously, through SurveyMonkey (November 2012-April 2013) to clinicians working with people with aphasia in 16 countries across the world. Results: A large number of speech and language therapists responded to the survey, with 19/21 questions answered by 385-579 participants. Clinicians were well informed on what constitutes quality of life and viewed it as a complex construct influenced by health, participation, in/dependence, communication, personal factors, and environmental factors. In their clinical practice, they considered quality of life as important, used informal approaches to explore it and aimed to address quality of life goals; yet the majority did not evaluate quality of life in a systematic way. Conclusion: There is a need for training on quality of life to facilitate speech and language therapists to incorporate quality of life outcome measures in their interventions. There is also a need for further research on what interventions improve quality of life in aphasia.
Neuropsychiatry, neuropsychology, and behavioral neurology, 1999
Several studies have demonstrated that patients with right hemisphere damage, when compared with ... more Several studies have demonstrated that patients with right hemisphere damage, when compared with left-hemisphere damaged controls, are impaired at comprehending emotional prosody. Critics of these studies, however, note that selection may have been biased because left-hemisphere-damaged subjects had good verbal comprehension. To learn whether a subject with a large left hemisphere stroke and global aphasia could comprehend emotional prosody in spoken material. The authors formally tested speech and language with the Western Aphasia Battery and comprehension of emotional prosody and emotional facial expression with the Florida Affect Battery. The patient could not perform verbally mediated tests but demonstrated spared ability to match emotional prosody to emotional facial expressions under a variety of conditions. These observations further support the idea that verbal and emotional communication systems are independent and mediated by different hemispheres.
International journal of speech-language pathology, Jan 24, 2014
Purpose: Listening in noise is an everyday activity and poses a challenge for many people. To imp... more Purpose: Listening in noise is an everyday activity and poses a challenge for many people. To improve the ability to understand speech in noise, a computerized auditory rehabilitation game was developed. In Trivia Game players are challenged to answer trivia questions spoken aloud. As players progress through the game, the level of background noise increases. A study using Trivia Game was conducted as a proof-of-concept investigation in healthy participants. Method: College students with normal hearing were randomly assigned to a control (n = 13) or a treatment (n = 14) group. Treatment participants played Trivia Game 12 times over a 4-week period. All participants completed objective (auditory-only and audiovisual formats) and subjective listening in noise measures at baseline and 4 weeks later. Results: There were no statistical differences between the groups at baseline. At post-test, the treatment group significantly improved their overall speech understanding in noise in the au...
International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2013
Twenty-three studies identified from a previous systematic review examining the effects of commun... more Twenty-three studies identified from a previous systematic review examining the effects of communication partner training on persons with aphasia and their communication partners were evaluated for methodological quality. Two reviewers rated the studies on defined methodological quality criteria relevant to each study design. There were 11 group studies, seven single-subject participant design studies, and five qualitative studies. Quality scores were derived for each study. The mean inter-rater reliability of scores for each study design ranged from 85-93%, with Cohen's Kappa indicating substantial agreement between raters. Methodological quality of research on communication partner training in aphasia was highly varied. Overall, group studies employed the least rigorous methodology as compared to single subject and qualitative research. Only two of 11 group studies complied with more than half of the quality criteria. No group studies reported therapist blinding and only one group study reported participant blinding. Across all types of studies, the criterion of treatment fidelity was most commonly omitted. Failure to explicitly report certain methodological quality criteria may account for low ratings. Using methodological rating scales specific to the type of study design may help improve the methodological quality of aphasia treatment studies, including those on communication partner training.
Neurorehabilitation, 1995
Recently, researchers have advocated the use of cognitive neuropsychological models as an infrast... more Recently, researchers have advocated the use of cognitive neuropsychological models as an infrastructure for efforts in language rehabilitation. In this approach, clinicians characterize language impairments in individual patients with respect to cognitive models of lexical and sentence processing. This approach contrasts with many earlier efforts in which evaluation and treatment focused on the presence or absence of aphasia viewed as a general language impairment, or on syndromes of aphasia. We consider the structure that cognitive neuropsychological models may provide in different portions of the rehabilitation process and find that this approach, when applied with methodological rigor, has practical implications for practice in aphasia assessment and treatment. In turn, some hope that data derived from clinical applications with this approach may support the modification of cognitive neuropsychological models.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1995
Little is known about the treatment of object naming impairments in patients with multiple loci o... more Little is known about the treatment of object naming impairments in patients with multiple loci of deficit in the cognitive processes underlying picture naming. We evaluated the outcome of naming treatment in two such patients. We developed two treatments on the basis of a ...
Neurocase, 2007
Blunted facial expressions and diminished expressions of emotional prosody associated with Parkin... more Blunted facial expressions and diminished expressions of emotional prosody associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) could be attributed to motor rigidity/akinesia. Although impaired recognition of emotional faces and prosody in PD suggests emotional dysfunction is not entirely motor-efferent, comprehension might depend upon imitation with motor feedback. Thus, to learn if patients with PD have an emotional conceptual defect, we examined their ratings for the emotional connotations of words on a 1-9 scale for valence and arousal. When compared to control participants the valence (positive-negative) and arousal (excited-calm) ratings of the PD patients were blunted, but their ratings of the control expense words (expensive-cheap) were not. These blunted emotion ratings suggest that patients with PD have a degradation of their emotional conceptual-semantic system.
Neurocase, 1997
We describe a patient with inordinate impairment in oral picture naming (as opposed to oral namin... more We describe a patient with inordinate impairment in oral picture naming (as opposed to oral naming to definitions and viewed gestures). His naming errors were primarily semantically related or perseverative responses. He also had greater difficulty gesturing in response to viewed pictures than gesturing to verbal commands, and produced many semantic and perseverative gesture errors. He performed relatively well in
Little is known about the independent usefulness of MossTalk Words, a computerized training progr... more Little is known about the independent usefulness of MossTalk Words, a computerized training program for word retrieval, nor how training effects generalize to other untrained words. In a single-participant design, we investigated effects of independent ...
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2000
Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) often have difficulties associated with seman... more Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) often have difficulties associated with semantic knowledge. Therefore, conceptual apraxia, a defect of action semantics and mechanical knowledge, may be an early sign of this disease. The Florida Action Recall Test (FLART), developed to assess conceptual apraxia, consists of 45 line drawings of objects or scenes. The subject must imagine the proper tool to apply to each pictured object or scene and then pantomime its use. Twelve participants with Alzheimer's disease (NINCDS–ADRDA criteria) and 21 age- and education-matched controls were tested. Nine Alzheimer's disease participants scored below a 2-standarddeviation cutoff on conceptual accuracy, and the three who scored above the cutoff were beyond a 2-standard-deviation cutoff on completion time. The FLART appears to be a sensitive measure of conceptual apraxia in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. (JINS, 2000, 6, 265–270.)
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2008
Purpose In this article, the authors encapsulate discussions of the Language Work Group that took... more Purpose In this article, the authors encapsulate discussions of the Language Work Group that took place as part of the Workshop in Plasticity/NeuroRehabilitation Research at the University of Florida in April 2005. Method In this narrative review, they define neuroplasticity and review studies that demonstrate neural changes associated with aphasia recovery and treatment. The authors then summarize basic science evidence from animals, human cognition, and computational neuroscience that is relevant to aphasia treatment research. They then turn to the aphasia treatment literature in which evidence exists to support several of the neuroscience principles. Conclusion Despite the extant aphasia treatment literature, many questions remain regarding how neuroscience principles can be manipulated to maximize aphasia recovery and treatment. They propose a framework, incorporating some of these principles, that may serve as a potential roadmap for future investigations of aphasia treatment a...
Neuropsychologia, 1997
Two patients with dominant thalamic infarction, one in the tuberothalamic artery territory, the o... more Two patients with dominant thalamic infarction, one in the tuberothalamic artery territory, the other in the paramedian artery territory, demonstrated language impairment limited to word retrieval difficulties in spontaneous language and structured naming tasks. Using a cognitive neuropsychological model of lexical processing developed in the study of patients with cortical lesions. We carried out a detailed investigation of their lexical abilities. Both patients demonstrated impairment restricted to oral and written picture naming and oral naming to definition and spared performance on tasks of lexical comprehension, oral word reading, and writing to dictation, as well as syntactic comprehension and production. Naming impairment disproportionately affected lower frequency words, and word substitutions often corresponded to objects that were semantically-related to target words. We propose that our patients' word retrieval impairments reflect a failure of thalamic input to effectively engage the cortical networks subserving lexical semantic processing, leading to degraded levels of activation as the semantic system interfaces with subsequent stages of lexical processing.
Neurocase, 2000
Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (GPC) allows the pronunciation of nonword letter strings and of re... more Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (GPC) allows the pronunciation of nonword letter strings and of real words with which the literate reader has no previous experience. Although cross-modal association between visual (orthographic) and auditory (phonemic-input) representations may contribute to GPC, many cases of deep or phonologic alexia result from injury to anterior perisylvian regions. Thus, GPC may rely upon associations between orthographic and articulatory (phonemic-output) representations. Detailed analysis of a patient with phonologic alexia suggests that defective knowledge of the position and motion of the articulatory apparatus might contribute to impaired transcoding from letters to sounds.
Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 2000
Neuropsychiatry, neuropsychology, and behavioral neurology, 1999
Ideomotor apraxia was studied in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and unilateral left hemisph... more Ideomotor apraxia was studied in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and unilateral left hemispheric damaged (LHD) stroke to determine whether these groups differed. Given that the neuropathology of AD is bilateral and more diffuse than the localized involvement in patients after an LHD stroke, and given that the cognitive deficits in AD are more widespread than in LHD stroke, the authors predicted that patients with these disorders would differ in response to an auditory command task administered to evaluate ideomotor apraxia, and that the two patient groups would be significantly more impaired than healthy matched control subjects. Twenty-one persons were studied, including equal numbers of patients with AD, patients with unilateral LHD stroke, and control subjects. An auditory command test of limb apraxia was administered and videotaped to score performance and to code spatial-temporal or content errors. The patients with AD and LHD stroke were significantly more impaired than h...
Clinics in communication disorders, 1991
1. Clin Commun Disord. 1991 Spring;1(1):7-20. Assessment of naming failures in neurological commu... more 1. Clin Commun Disord. 1991 Spring;1(1):7-20. Assessment of naming failures in neurological communication disorders. Rothi LJ, Raymer AM, Maher L, Greenwald M, Morris M. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608-1197. ...
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1995
Humans learn skilled acts in order to effectively interact with their environment. A loss of the ... more Humans learn skilled acts in order to effectively interact with their environment. A loss of the ability to perform skilled acts is termed apraxia. Apraxia has been thought to be of theoretical interest, but the ecological implications of apraxia are controversial and have not been fully studied. We examined ten patients with unilateral left hemisphere cerebral infarctions (eight of whom were apraxic) and compared their mealtime eating behavior to a group of neurologically normal, age-matched controls. The stroke patients were less efficient in completing the meal. They made more action errors and were less organized in the sequencing of mealtime activities. Because the patients made more errors while using tools than when performing nontool actions, their deficit could not be accounted for by an elemental motor deficit. A positive relationship was found between mealtime action errors and the severity of apraxia. These findings suggest that limb apraxia may adversely influence activ...
Brain and Cognition, 1995
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1996
Recent modifications of the lexical model of oral reading make the prediction that under conditio... more Recent modifications of the lexical model of oral reading make the prediction that under conditions where sublexical reading processes alone cannot achieve the target pronunciation (i.e., when words have exceptional spellings or when sublexical processes are impaired), patients with severe semantic impairment should have more difficulty reading aloud semantically impaired words than semantically retained words. In a battery of lexical-semantic and reading tasks, two neurologically normal control subjects and two subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and only moderate semantic impairment read aloud all words accurately. One AD subject with severe semantic impairment was impaired in word reading but demonstrated no difference in reading words with regular and exceptional spellings. Another AD subject with severe semantic impairment read aloud without error virtually all regular and exception words. Neither severely impaired AD subject demonstrated any relationship betwee...
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2005
Objective: To gain an insight into speech and language therapists' perspectives and practices on ... more Objective: To gain an insight into speech and language therapists' perspectives and practices on quality of life in aphasia. Participants and Methods: The International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics Aphasia Committee developed a survey questionnaire, which was delivered on-line, anonymously, through SurveyMonkey (November 2012-April 2013) to clinicians working with people with aphasia in 16 countries across the world. Results: A large number of speech and language therapists responded to the survey, with 19/21 questions answered by 385-579 participants. Clinicians were well informed on what constitutes quality of life and viewed it as a complex construct influenced by health, participation, in/dependence, communication, personal factors, and environmental factors. In their clinical practice, they considered quality of life as important, used informal approaches to explore it and aimed to address quality of life goals; yet the majority did not evaluate quality of life in a systematic way. Conclusion: There is a need for training on quality of life to facilitate speech and language therapists to incorporate quality of life outcome measures in their interventions. There is also a need for further research on what interventions improve quality of life in aphasia.
Neuropsychiatry, neuropsychology, and behavioral neurology, 1999
Several studies have demonstrated that patients with right hemisphere damage, when compared with ... more Several studies have demonstrated that patients with right hemisphere damage, when compared with left-hemisphere damaged controls, are impaired at comprehending emotional prosody. Critics of these studies, however, note that selection may have been biased because left-hemisphere-damaged subjects had good verbal comprehension. To learn whether a subject with a large left hemisphere stroke and global aphasia could comprehend emotional prosody in spoken material. The authors formally tested speech and language with the Western Aphasia Battery and comprehension of emotional prosody and emotional facial expression with the Florida Affect Battery. The patient could not perform verbally mediated tests but demonstrated spared ability to match emotional prosody to emotional facial expressions under a variety of conditions. These observations further support the idea that verbal and emotional communication systems are independent and mediated by different hemispheres.
International journal of speech-language pathology, Jan 24, 2014
Purpose: Listening in noise is an everyday activity and poses a challenge for many people. To imp... more Purpose: Listening in noise is an everyday activity and poses a challenge for many people. To improve the ability to understand speech in noise, a computerized auditory rehabilitation game was developed. In Trivia Game players are challenged to answer trivia questions spoken aloud. As players progress through the game, the level of background noise increases. A study using Trivia Game was conducted as a proof-of-concept investigation in healthy participants. Method: College students with normal hearing were randomly assigned to a control (n = 13) or a treatment (n = 14) group. Treatment participants played Trivia Game 12 times over a 4-week period. All participants completed objective (auditory-only and audiovisual formats) and subjective listening in noise measures at baseline and 4 weeks later. Results: There were no statistical differences between the groups at baseline. At post-test, the treatment group significantly improved their overall speech understanding in noise in the au...
International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2013
Twenty-three studies identified from a previous systematic review examining the effects of commun... more Twenty-three studies identified from a previous systematic review examining the effects of communication partner training on persons with aphasia and their communication partners were evaluated for methodological quality. Two reviewers rated the studies on defined methodological quality criteria relevant to each study design. There were 11 group studies, seven single-subject participant design studies, and five qualitative studies. Quality scores were derived for each study. The mean inter-rater reliability of scores for each study design ranged from 85-93%, with Cohen's Kappa indicating substantial agreement between raters. Methodological quality of research on communication partner training in aphasia was highly varied. Overall, group studies employed the least rigorous methodology as compared to single subject and qualitative research. Only two of 11 group studies complied with more than half of the quality criteria. No group studies reported therapist blinding and only one group study reported participant blinding. Across all types of studies, the criterion of treatment fidelity was most commonly omitted. Failure to explicitly report certain methodological quality criteria may account for low ratings. Using methodological rating scales specific to the type of study design may help improve the methodological quality of aphasia treatment studies, including those on communication partner training.
Neurorehabilitation, 1995
Recently, researchers have advocated the use of cognitive neuropsychological models as an infrast... more Recently, researchers have advocated the use of cognitive neuropsychological models as an infrastructure for efforts in language rehabilitation. In this approach, clinicians characterize language impairments in individual patients with respect to cognitive models of lexical and sentence processing. This approach contrasts with many earlier efforts in which evaluation and treatment focused on the presence or absence of aphasia viewed as a general language impairment, or on syndromes of aphasia. We consider the structure that cognitive neuropsychological models may provide in different portions of the rehabilitation process and find that this approach, when applied with methodological rigor, has practical implications for practice in aphasia assessment and treatment. In turn, some hope that data derived from clinical applications with this approach may support the modification of cognitive neuropsychological models.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1995
Little is known about the treatment of object naming impairments in patients with multiple loci o... more Little is known about the treatment of object naming impairments in patients with multiple loci of deficit in the cognitive processes underlying picture naming. We evaluated the outcome of naming treatment in two such patients. We developed two treatments on the basis of a ...
Neurocase, 2007
Blunted facial expressions and diminished expressions of emotional prosody associated with Parkin... more Blunted facial expressions and diminished expressions of emotional prosody associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) could be attributed to motor rigidity/akinesia. Although impaired recognition of emotional faces and prosody in PD suggests emotional dysfunction is not entirely motor-efferent, comprehension might depend upon imitation with motor feedback. Thus, to learn if patients with PD have an emotional conceptual defect, we examined their ratings for the emotional connotations of words on a 1-9 scale for valence and arousal. When compared to control participants the valence (positive-negative) and arousal (excited-calm) ratings of the PD patients were blunted, but their ratings of the control expense words (expensive-cheap) were not. These blunted emotion ratings suggest that patients with PD have a degradation of their emotional conceptual-semantic system.
Neurocase, 1997
We describe a patient with inordinate impairment in oral picture naming (as opposed to oral namin... more We describe a patient with inordinate impairment in oral picture naming (as opposed to oral naming to definitions and viewed gestures). His naming errors were primarily semantically related or perseverative responses. He also had greater difficulty gesturing in response to viewed pictures than gesturing to verbal commands, and produced many semantic and perseverative gesture errors. He performed relatively well in
Little is known about the independent usefulness of MossTalk Words, a computerized training progr... more Little is known about the independent usefulness of MossTalk Words, a computerized training program for word retrieval, nor how training effects generalize to other untrained words. In a single-participant design, we investigated effects of independent ...
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2000
Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) often have difficulties associated with seman... more Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) often have difficulties associated with semantic knowledge. Therefore, conceptual apraxia, a defect of action semantics and mechanical knowledge, may be an early sign of this disease. The Florida Action Recall Test (FLART), developed to assess conceptual apraxia, consists of 45 line drawings of objects or scenes. The subject must imagine the proper tool to apply to each pictured object or scene and then pantomime its use. Twelve participants with Alzheimer's disease (NINCDS–ADRDA criteria) and 21 age- and education-matched controls were tested. Nine Alzheimer's disease participants scored below a 2-standarddeviation cutoff on conceptual accuracy, and the three who scored above the cutoff were beyond a 2-standard-deviation cutoff on completion time. The FLART appears to be a sensitive measure of conceptual apraxia in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. (JINS, 2000, 6, 265–270.)
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2008
Purpose In this article, the authors encapsulate discussions of the Language Work Group that took... more Purpose In this article, the authors encapsulate discussions of the Language Work Group that took place as part of the Workshop in Plasticity/NeuroRehabilitation Research at the University of Florida in April 2005. Method In this narrative review, they define neuroplasticity and review studies that demonstrate neural changes associated with aphasia recovery and treatment. The authors then summarize basic science evidence from animals, human cognition, and computational neuroscience that is relevant to aphasia treatment research. They then turn to the aphasia treatment literature in which evidence exists to support several of the neuroscience principles. Conclusion Despite the extant aphasia treatment literature, many questions remain regarding how neuroscience principles can be manipulated to maximize aphasia recovery and treatment. They propose a framework, incorporating some of these principles, that may serve as a potential roadmap for future investigations of aphasia treatment a...