ASHOK KUMAR RAMCHANDER - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by ASHOK KUMAR RAMCHANDER

Castings of various shapes and sizes are formed in foundry by melting and pouring the molten meta... more Castings of various shapes and sizes are formed in foundry by melting and pouring the molten metal in moulds. Foundries will normally have a Core Room, Mouldings Section, Melting & Pouring Section and Fettling Section besides service departments including Pattern Shop, Stores and Maintenance Departments. Foundry operations, machines and equipment used, hazards inherent in foundry operations including health hazards, methods of safe guarding against these hazards, safe practices & procedures in foundry operations and general preventive measures are discussed department-wise in the paragraphs below. CORE ROOM A) Operations: Sand is received in bags or loose, drying of sand in sand drier, feeding of sand to core sand mixer through the skip hoist, sieving of sand for some cores, mixing of sand in core mixer, after mixing prepared sand is taken in a trolley bucket for supply to core making machines.

Safety Education & Training is a process of learning about structured SHE Management Systems & P... more Safety Education & Training is a process of learning about structured SHE Management Systems & Procedures in Industry

Mine Safety Science and Engineering, 2019

Safety education is developing and broadening one’s knowledge of Safety for the purpose of perfor... more Safety education is developing and broadening one’s knowledge of Safety for the purpose of performing Industrial production or service activity eliminating accidents and developing mental alertness in identifying and correcting, conditions and practices that might cause injury while performing production or service activity in an Industrial set up.

To ensure a consistant approach to safeguarding Safety, Health, Environment & Security thaat have... more To ensure a consistant approach to safeguarding Safety, Health, Environment & Security thaat have developed a global SHE Management System supported by the SHE processs, procedures, instructions and guidelines, as well as a meture security system. The Business Management System is a controlled suite of documentationof which this book forms a part.

Industrial development in India has been very rapid in the last two decades. Chemicals, Fertilize... more Industrial development in India has been very rapid in the last two decades. Chemicals, Fertilizer & Petrochemical Industries occupy a key position in the economic life of the nation and the growth of these has been spectacular in the last 15 years. In these industries, thousands of hazardous chemicals are handled either as raw materials or as end-products. There is a lot of movement of material from one unit to another and the distance may range from a few kms. to thousand kms. The chemical industries are inter-dependent and the by-products of one industry are used as raw materials by another.

The objective of this paper is to highlight the safety aspects of not only transportation but also loading/unloading operations of hazardous chemicals.

Motivation is one of the most overworked word of the decade. Along with safety consciousness, inv... more Motivation is one of the most overworked word of the decade. Along with safety consciousness, involvement, participation, communication etc., it appeared in variety of context. There is a widespread belief that key to better safety performance is locked in a bottle labeled “Motivation” and management must learn how to uncork the bottle and unloose the genie. But unfortunately the bottle remained corked because in most cases these ideas are introduced from the top down as a symbolic solution to ideological contradiction, when we talk of motivation from the view point of safety we must not view it only from Herzberq-Maslow’s theoretical formulation. The problem of motivation and communication is to be viewed from following three levels.

i) Broad Socio-economic level
ii) Organisation level
iii) Individual (as a psychosomatic organism) level

At the Socio-economic level, several dilemma and paradoxical situations are observed in the field of Safety. In a developing country like India the field and foremost dilemma is whether to die out of starvation quickly or do any dam job under any hazardous condition and die gradually, slowly and insidiously being afflicted with hundreds of toxic substances in the around the environment. When there is no job to what extent one can afford to be choosy about the content or conditions of work? Under such a situation, the greatest challenge of the Safety Specialists is to convince themselves first and then management, Trade Unions and even Government about the priority-food for work or content and conditions of work.

Safety performance might be regarded as a measure of the commitment of the workforce to the build... more Safety performance might be regarded as a measure of the commitment of the workforce to the building of a Safe and Accident free environment. In order to achieve this every worker form Chairman down must understand fully what is expected of them. Also targets for both
team and individual should reflect the strategic direction of the Company, and employees must know when they are successful.
Among the tools available to check and reassure the effectiveness of compliance with statutory regulations, and with company, national and international standards on Safety,
Health, the most useful tool is Safety Audit. Safety Audit is elaborate exercise, taken up at scheduled intervals, to identify, assess and control risks associated with storage, processing, and transportation of materials. The audit demands active involvement of cross sections of Management and Work force of the Factory. This exercise is carried out by a team which will examine all facilities and activities of an Organization from the point of view of Safety,
assess the current level of prevention, protection and Emergency management preparedness and subsequently prepare an action plan to upgrade the Safety inputs to avert mishaps and limit the consequences.

The main casuative factor for accidents are: 􀀩 Attitude 􀀩 Trait 􀀩 Habit Today India ranks first i... more The main casuative factor for accidents are:
􀀩 Attitude
􀀩 Trait
􀀩 Habit
Today India ranks first in road accidents fatality. Some
two decades back Nigeria was first and now they have
taken 13th position. Why this ? Today’s parents to be
blamed. Today children are pampered too much by
the parents because in most cases both the parents
are working and they are unable to give any time to
their children and they expect too much from their kids.

The Principal purpose is to obtain information that will help in the prevention of the similar, o... more The Principal purpose is to obtain information that will help in the prevention of the similar, or other accidents, either in the area affected or elsewhere in the organisation.

Teaching Documents by ASHOK KUMAR RAMCHANDER

Identifying potential electrical hazards to prevent or minimize loss of life and property is perc... more Identifying potential electrical hazards to prevent or minimize loss of life and property is perceived seriously
by many chemical industries the world over. General safety auditing is popular where the objectives &
concepts are clear whereas ESA is a specialized area that is still in the process of being understood by
many.
Chemical industries are exposed to fires and explosion hazards due to the combustible properties of the
chemicals handled. As per the statistics available from Indian Oil Companies, for a five-year period, 263
major accidents took place out of which 42% were due to fire. While analyzing the probable causes for fires
& explosions, electrical reasons are undoubtedly the top among the ‘most probable causes’. Hence,
electrical safety deserves maximum attention especially in hydrocarbon industry, where classified
hazardous atmosphere is normally encountered and electricity constitutes one of the major sources of
ignition that could cause a fire or an explosion.
In factories, around 8% of all fatalities are due to accidents caused by electricity. Data compiled by
international organizations like Fire Protection Association (FPA), UK and the National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA), USA indicate that nearly one fourth of all fires are caused by electrical appliances or
installations. In India, the condition is still worse. Investigations of major fire incidents in various types of
occupancies over a number of years show that nearly 40% of the fires are initiated by electrical causes
such as short circuits, overloading, loose electrical connections, etc.

Introduction: Here is a riddle for you to solve “As a servant he cooks your food, as a master h... more Introduction:

Here is a riddle for you to solve “As a servant he cooks your food, as a master he consumes you”. Who is that unreliable ‘he’? The answer is “FIRE”.

Now if we try to understand the riddle again, we will catch the point. Fire is a good servant but a bad master. So long as you have control over it, it serves you well. But if you allows yourself to be a little careless or trifle with it, it could bring disaster to you. Fire is as dangerous as it is useful.

You might have come across such head lines in the newspapers as:

- State bank building goes up in flames.
- Big blaze in textile mill
- Cracker shops gutted.

In the news we find that the possible cause of the fire was a burning cigarette butt or an old electric wiring or a burning cracker. Several such fires take place all over the country every year due to negligence and they result in enormous losses of the valuable lives and property. Prevention is better than cure. We should therefore, know the principles of combustion and extinction of fire if it breaks out.

Welding in India has developed to a great extent and has become indispensable tool for fabricatio... more Welding in India has developed to a great extent and has become indispensable tool for fabrication. Besides, oxy-acetylene and electric arc welding, other modes used are submerged arc welding, gas shielded arc welding processes TIG and MIG, plasma arc cutting and gauging etc. All these types of operations are associated with various hazards.

In general welding is carried out almost in all factories and workshops and the sites can be broadly divided into four categories.
(a) Open workshop
(b) Open are
(c) Semi-confined spaces
(d) Confined spaces.

Hazards associated with welding and cutting can be classified as:
i. Radiation hazards – which are usually visual hazards
ii. Hazards due to dangerous fumes and gases.
iii. Burns and eye injuries.
iv. Fire & explosion.
v. Electric shock.
vi. Environment/Atmospheric condition.
vii. Postural fatigue
viii. Hazards associated with working at height.
ix. High noise level during certain operations.

Safety is one of the core values, and we believe that by working together with integrity, will cr... more Safety is one of the core values, and we believe that by
working together with integrity, will create an incident-free
workplace every day, everywhere.
We can make this a reality if we have the right
attitude to Safety. Health, & Environmental and Security
management: by following instructions and procedures; by
upholding the high standards and never cutting corners; by
helping others who may be new to a particular work site
and by challenging those who disregard the rules.
We all have a part to play. The project management
team will help you to succeed by setting safety priorities
as part of the project work execution. I believe that safety,
quality and good management are inextricably linked.
A safe worksite is a well run worksite. A well run
worksite, onshore or offshore, is a safe place to work.
This handbook will give you an overview of how to
manage SHE issues across the business. It also introduces
the key management principles that you must follow 􀀃on barges, ships and on shore yard, offices and in all worksites.
Day to day management of SHE is a line management
responsibility supported by our SHE professionals.
Please take the time to read this document carefully.
Keep it with you as a useful reference and act on the
advice it offers. Make sure you do not become complacent.
Remember: it is vital to maintain your safety focus at all
times. If we all do so, we can create a business which is
second to none in terms of safe project delivery.

Accelerating the rate of economic growth is an imposing challenge for our country. Productivity, ... more Accelerating the rate of economic growth is an imposing challenge for our country. Productivity, which encompasses every activity concerning the socioeconomic betterment of the people, has a positive role to play in accomplishing this formidable task, its focal point being the optimization or the net value of output resulting from the development of economic resources. In this context, the waste of human Material values constitutes serious national problem and if our industries take a toll of human lives, it constitutes a misdemeanour, a reflection, and a stigma on the recognition of human values which we cherish so dearly. SAFETY & TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT An important aspect of technological development has been the growing realisation that preoccupation with productivity and full capacity utilization of equipment cannot be divorced from preoccupation of safety. In the earlier phase of industrial engineering volume of production was the principal concern and safety was considered separately, all too often at a much lower level of premium. However, safety today has to be given due cognizance in production planning and at the design stage, both of machinery and of layout. This has resulted in safety devices being designed into the equipment, rather than being superimposed on it after completion, with adverse results of operation, efficiency and productivity. It has further brought about improvements in the layout of new installations where certain traditional danger spots have been eliminated, such as conveyor devices, unsafe walking areas and poor visibility. Analysing things more intimately, one finds that the causes of production troubles are the same as those of accidents. Time is lost because material is not piled properly. Time is lost because aisles are blocked with boxes or materials that should not be there. Time is lost because the wrong type of tool is used. And every time such situation arises, operating efficiency suffers and there is an interference with the job of getting out production. As such, accidents whether they cause personal injury or only property damage, destroy efficiency. Furthermore, they are symptoms that something is wrong. They stem from lack of control over men, materials and processes and lack of control spells inefficient operations and lower productivity. SAFETY: ITS INFLUENCE ON PRODUCTIVITY In analysing the importance of safety on productivity, a number of researchers have been undertaken. Though it is different to establish a direct relationship between safety and productivity, yet in a large industrial group, the increasing productivity could almost certainly indicate the existence of an increasing industrial efficiency and further that a combination of low accident rates and higher production rates is possible if attainment by any industrial organisation. In other study undertaken by the " Opinion Research Corporation " , USA, two significant aspects were analysed. 1. Harder and faster people work, higher the output and greater the likelihood of more accidents. 2. The greater the productivity the less the chances that there will be accidents. The second viewpoint has been found to be more accurate. Higher productivity and safety go hand in hand. In analysing close correlation between safety and productivity, the following constitute vital factors: 1. Efficient operation run more smoothly leaving time for management and employees to work hard on safety. 2. Employees' morale is better in a productive plant, and as a result there is a more positive response for safety activities. 3. In higher and productive operations, not only management but employees as well are also to visualise the close relationship of output and safety. The above, undoubtedly, point to the need for effective action in safety. In any case, they do not bear out that driving people harder will improve safety (not will this improve efficiency and productivity). Enlightened efforts to upgrade output through better utilisation of men and machines is bound to improve safety and help improve efficiency and productivity.

Drafts by ASHOK KUMAR RAMCHANDER

The definition of a pressure vessel as given in the Rule 65 of Maharashtra Factories Rules, 1963 ... more The definition of a pressure vessel as given in the Rule 65 of Maharashtra Factories Rules, 1963 (as amended in May, 1982) is "any vessel subjected to or operated at a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure" (i.e. exceeding 15 psi or 1 kg/cm 2 absolute). Thus it is basically a leak proof vessel of any size and shape, where the internal pressure of the fluid or vapour is above the atmospheric pressure. As per the same Rule, a pressure plant, means "a pressure vessel along with its piping and other fittings operated at a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure". This Rule 65 is appropriately termed "Safety measures for pressure plants and vessels operated under pressure above atmospheric pressure." 2. WHY IS THERE A SEPARATE ACT FOR FIRED PRESSURE VESSELS? The steam boilers, steam feed pipes and their fittings coming under the purview of the Indian Boilers Act, 1923 are exempted from the provisions of Rule 65 of the Sate Factories Rules. Thus this talk excludes fired pressure vessels, the explosions of which are much more violent, since there is steam as well as hot water inside. The latter is being steadily converted into steam, since the vessel is continuously fired. The boiling point of water rises with the pressure it is under. Water held in liquid from above its ordinary boiling point (212 o F at sea level) will tend to flash into steam if the pressure is released. For instance, at 100 psi Boiling Point of water is 337F or 125F above released by the rupture of the containing part of the vessel, part of hot water will flash into steam, with terrific violence, often this produces a rocket effect which carries the boiler shell over distance of thousands of feet. The failure of such a vessel changes the boiling point of the hot water suddenly and this results in a sudden transformation of large quantities of hot water flashing into steam, resulting in instant release of pressure energy of the steam in vapour from and heat energy present in the liquid. This pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy, when there is a failure of a pressure vessel. It is this sudden and violent formation of a large quantity of steam in this way, which causes a heavy destruction in case of such vessels, which is capable of tearing away the shell of the vessel from its foundations and the shell being projected at high speed like a rocket destroyed any person, property or equipment coming in the way of its destructive flight. Hence the design, construction, fabrication, installation and operation of steam boilers are governed under the Indian Boilers Act, 1923 and are under the control of a separate State Boilers Inspectorate.

Mine Safety Science and Engineering, 2019

The objective of this paper is to highlight the safety aspects of not only transportation but also loading/unloading operations of hazardous chemicals.

i) Broad Socio-economic level
ii) Organisation level
iii) Individual (as a psychosomatic organism) level

Introduction: Here is a riddle for you to solve “As a servant he cooks your food, as a master h... more Introduction:

Here is a riddle for you to solve “As a servant he cooks your food, as a master he consumes you”. Who is that unreliable ‘he’? The answer is “FIRE”.

You might have come across such head lines in the newspapers as:

- State bank building goes up in flames.
- Big blaze in textile mill
- Cracker shops gutted.