Amsalu Tolessa - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Amsalu Tolessa

Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research

Production of sustainable and renewable energy source from locally available biomass feedstock’s ... more Production of sustainable and renewable energy source from locally available biomass feedstock’s provides great opportunities to achieve sustainable growth and development in economic, social and environmental aspects for all nations across the globe. This study focused on production and characterization of charcoal briquettes from forest biomasses such as, Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Arundinaria alpina, Acacia mellifera and Prosopis juliflora, which were collected from different regions of Ethiopia (Amhara, Oromia and Somali). The experiment was conducted to determine moisture content (MC), volatile matter (VM), ash content (AC), calorific value (CV), fixed carbon (FC) and sulfur content (SC). The results were analyzed by using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. The analysis indicated that the effect of parameters considered in the experiment (i.e. Temperature, Binder ratio, Number of press and pressure) on the four species type and sample types were significant at level of ...

International Journal of Management, IT, and Engineering, 2017

Bamboo is a fast growing non-wood plant with long and thin fibers. Therefore, it has potential as... more Bamboo is a fast growing non-wood plant with long and thin fibers. Therefore, it has potential as a raw material for pulping and papermaking. Oxytenanthera abyssinica bamboo samples were harvested, sorted, dried and milled using Wiley Mill and sieved with 250μm mesh for chemical analysis. In this work, the chemical composition of Oxytenanthera abyssinica bam-boo, the effect of soda-AQ pulping conditions on pulp yield and kappa number and also the mechanical properties of paper made from lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) was evaluated. Oxytenanthera abyssinica bamboo chemical composition contains higher cellulose content (52.06%) and pulp yield which make bamboo a preferred raw material for pulping. The bamboo chips were pulped using digester pulping unit with 15, 20 and 25% varying alkali charge; 60, 120 and 180 min cooking times and 150, 175 and 200oC cooking temperature. The maximum pulp yield and minimum kappa number obtained was 52.24% and 12.16 respectively were achieve...

Background: In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the biomass energy is consumed by domestic households... more Background: In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the biomass energy is consumed by domestic households and the demand is growing from 10-14%. However, there are little/no practical experiences or documented indigenous knowledge on how traditional people identify and select high biomass producing plant species with short rotation periods at Boset District. Therefore, the present study was aimed at: (1) selecting and documenting high biomass energy producing plant species at Boset District; (2) identifying major predictor variables that influence the prioritization and selection of species; and (3) develop a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to predict the selection of species. Methods: A total of 96 informants comprising 59 men and 37 women between the ages of 18 and 81 were sampled. Data were collected using structured interviews, guided field walk, discussions and field observations. Results: Collected data indicated that 88.5% of the informants involved in firewood collection, while 90% p...

Waste Management, 2022

Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology holds numerous potential benefits for farmers, however, chall... more Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology holds numerous potential benefits for farmers, however, challenges persist in terms of implementation costs and sustainability in developing countries. This paper presents a probabilistic techno-economic assessment tool for AD. A clear distinction is made between direct financial feasibility and wider (socio) economic feasibility. The tool identifies the technical- and economic factors influencing the returns of a particular AD process as well as the sensitivity of model predictions to variations in the value of the identified factors using a Monte Carlo approach. The tool is applied to assess the feasibility of a smallholder farm-based AD installation under a variety of substrates and operating conditions as an illustrative case study, where on-going flows of costs and benefits were considered over a 15-year period and discounted at a rate of 8%. The results of the case study revealed that the installation of a 10 m3 smallholder farm-based anaerobic digester are likely to be financially and economically viable with a financial benefit-cost ratio of 1.30-1.38 and an economic benefit-cost ratio ranged from 5.49 to 6.01. Risk assessment results confirmed the strong economic feasibility of a smallholder farm-based AD implementation: under the most conservative cost estimates, there is a 73% probability of achieving a financial benefit-cost ratio > 1, while there is a 96.6% probability of achieving an economic benefit-cost ratio > 1. The case study demonstrated the utility of probabilistic techno-economic assessments for informed decision making, a tool which can be readily generalized to other settings.

The aim of this study was to make comparison of chemical compositions of the indigenous species o... more The aim of this study was to make comparison of chemical compositions of the indigenous species of bamboo, Yushania alpina, which is grown at Tikur-Enchini in the north part of Ethiopia. The experiment has been conducted to determine extractive yield, cellulose content, lignin content and ash content based on the culm position of the bamboo species. Chemical characterization was carried out according to the standard outlined in American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) except, determination of cellulose content, which was conducted using Kurschner and Hoffer method. The results were analyzed by using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Software. From the study, it has been shown that the main effect of culm positions on cellulose content and the interaction effect between age and culm positions on cellulose and lignin content is not significantly (p<0.05) different. The main effects of extractive yield and ash content with respect to bamboo age and culm position is highly signi...

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Gesho (Rhamnus priniodes) solvent extract and he... more The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Gesho (Rhamnus priniodes) solvent extract and herkule bitterness power at different boiling conditions for production of beer in order to find possible sources for future novel bittering agent in brewing industries. In this study, different hop ratios were controlled as constant during each brewing process. The influence of process variables on bitterness of beer was analyzed with a 2 Full-Factorial experiment with the aid of design expert 7.0.0 software package has been employed. The study showed the presence of bittering agent in large amounts in R. priniodes crude extract. The results revealed that R. priniodes fraction up to fifty percent exhibited the highest bittering value (24.02±0.295Bu) at P =5.4, temp. =80C, and time=45min. and good beer quality as compared to the other fractions and herkule. The various crude extracts and fractions of R. priniodes significantly had bittering power and reduced the fractions of herkule. Leaf ...

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2021

Background In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the fuelwood (firewood and/or charcoal) is consumed fo... more Background In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the fuelwood (firewood and/or charcoal) is consumed for cooking, heating and lighting purposes by domestic households and the demand is growing from 10 to 14%. However, there are little/no practical experiences or documented indigenous knowledge on how traditional people identify and select high fuelwood producing plant species with short rotation periods at Boset District. Therefore, the present study was aimed at: (1) selecting and documenting high fuelwood producing plant species at Boset District; (2) identifying major predictor variables that influence the prioritization and selection of species; and (3) develop a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to predict the selection of species. Methods A total of 96 informants comprising 59 men and 37 women between the ages of 18 and 81 were sampled. Data were collected using structured interviews, guided field walk, discussions and field observations. Results Collected data indicated that 88.5% of ...

The selection of bamboo species for various applications in the chemical and biochemical related ... more The selection of bamboo species for various applications in the chemical and biochemical related industry is related to the chemical composition. This research was carried out to study the major chemical compositions of bamboo culms grown around Assosa town in Ethiopia. Lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) samples were harvested, sorted, dried, milled using Wiley Mill, sieved and all chemical characteristics were determined in accordance with the standards outlined in ASTM except Kurchner-Hoffer and Alkali extraction method for cellulose and hemicellose determination, respectively. From the study it showed that the average results of the main chemical composition (Cellulose, Hemicelluloses and Lignin) were 52.06, 16.90 and 22.47%, respectively. The Ash content of Oxytenanthera abyssinica was 5.30% while the extractives content (Hot-water & Alcohol-toluene solubility) was 6.80 and 5.60%, respectively.

BioEnergy Research, 2021

This study estimates agricultural residue biomass available for biogas generation in small farmin... more This study estimates agricultural residue biomass available for biogas generation in small farming systems in the rural Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar, during 2017-2018. Estimations of biomass were done using a combination of agricultural household surveys, literature models, and publicly available data. Manure from four types of farm animals and 17 residue types from ten crops were assessed. In the studied period, gross biomass produced from animal manure and crop residue was 19.4+7.41 and 7.3+1.08 tonnes fresh weight per year per agricultural household, respectively, of which up to 54% and 83% are estimated as recoverable for the production of bioenergy in the studied area, respectively. Estimations indicate that available animal manure and crop residue have the potential to generate 291+92 and 745+122 Nm 3 of methane per year per agricultural household respectively, equivalent to 10.5+3.34 and 26.8+4.28 GJ of heat energy from manure and residues, respectively. Theoretically, the average estimated energy potential can result in the complete substitution of domestic fuels in agricultural households. Approximately 0.12 tonnes of nitrogen per household per year can be recovered from the estimated digestate (using all residue types) after energy recovery, which can be employed for crop fertilization. The recovered nitrogen corresponds to 0.26 tonnes urea fertilizer per household per year. The investigation shows that anaerobic digestion based on crop residue and manure has the potential to meet a significant portion of energy needs of smallholder farmers in the Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar and can make an important contribution to providing fertilizer for on-farm use.

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2020

This paper assesses agricultural residues available for biogas production in smallholder farming ... more This paper assesses agricultural residues available for biogas production in smallholder farming systems in the KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces of South Africa, during 2017-2018. Biomass estimations were done using a combination of smallholder surveys, publicly available data, and literature models, and 11 residue types from 5 crops and manure from 5 types of livestock were estimated. During the investigated period, gross biomass generated from crop residue was 11 and 13 t per smallholder household, of which 63% and 84% are estimated as surplus in KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, respectively. The gross biomass generated from animal manure was 158 and 84 t per smallholder household in KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, respectively, of which 48% are estimated as surplus. Estimated biomethane potential from the surplus crop residue is approximately 1370 Nm 3 CH 4 per year per smallholder household, equivalent to 49.3 GJ of heat energy. For methane, estimated potential from animal manure is 2105 and 1135 Nm 3 CH 4 per year per smallholder household, equivalent to 76 and 41 GJ of heat energy, for KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, respectively. The estimated energy potential is higher than low-income South African households' cooking (19.8 GJ y − 1) and total (49.3 GJ y − 1) energy demand, theoretically enabling the complete substitution of current domestic fuels. The total estimated digestate from all residues contains approximately 0.32 t nitrogen, equivalent to 0.70 t urea fertilizer, per year per smallholder household. The analysis indicates that anaerobic digestion based on agricultural residues can make a significant contribution to meeting energy and fertilizer needs of smallholder farmers in KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019

This paper studied the chemical composition of cultivated 3, 4 and 5 year-old highland bamboo (Y.... more This paper studied the chemical composition of cultivated 3, 4 and 5 year-old highland bamboo (Y. alpina) which were classified into three position (top, medium and bottom) to determined the main compositions especially cellulose, lignin, extractive and ash content. From all culms representative samples were converted to the required size of wood chips to prepared sample for chemical testing. Then the specimens prepared from bottom, middle and top portions for the three ages were used to determine the chemical properties in accordance to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards except for cellulose test determined according to Kurschner and Hoffer method. All parameters in the experiment were expressed by percent based on dry basis. From this research, we have found small but significant increases in mean cellulose content from the base to the top of the culm at all three ages. The lignin content in Y. alpina species of bamboo is in the ranged of 23.04 to 30.03%. ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Gesho (Rhamnus priniodes) solvent extract and he... more The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Gesho (Rhamnus priniodes) solvent extract and herkule bitterness power at different boiling conditions for production of beer in order to find possible sources for future novel bittering agent in brewing industries. In this study, different hop ratios were controlled as constant during each brewing process. The influence of process variables on bitterness of beer was analyzed with a 2 3 Full-Factorial experiment with the aid of design expert 7.0.0 software package has been employed. The study showed the presence of bittering agent in large amounts in R. priniodes crude extract. The results revealed that R. priniodes fraction up to fifty percent exhibited the highest bittering value (24.02±0.295Bu) at P H =5.4, temp. =80 o C, and time=45min. and good beer quality as compared to the other fractions and herkule. The various crude extracts and fractions of R. priniodes significantly had bittering power and reduced the fractions of herkule. Leaf of R. priniodes can be used as source of natural bittering agent and a potential alternative raw material for brewing industries.

Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research

Production of sustainable and renewable energy source from locally available biomass feedstock’s ... more Production of sustainable and renewable energy source from locally available biomass feedstock’s provides great opportunities to achieve sustainable growth and development in economic, social and environmental aspects for all nations across the globe. This study focused on production and characterization of charcoal briquettes from forest biomasses such as, Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Arundinaria alpina, Acacia mellifera and Prosopis juliflora, which were collected from different regions of Ethiopia (Amhara, Oromia and Somali). The experiment was conducted to determine moisture content (MC), volatile matter (VM), ash content (AC), calorific value (CV), fixed carbon (FC) and sulfur content (SC). The results were analyzed by using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. The analysis indicated that the effect of parameters considered in the experiment (i.e. Temperature, Binder ratio, Number of press and pressure) on the four species type and sample types were significant at level of ...

International Journal of Management, IT, and Engineering, 2017

Bamboo is a fast growing non-wood plant with long and thin fibers. Therefore, it has potential as... more Bamboo is a fast growing non-wood plant with long and thin fibers. Therefore, it has potential as a raw material for pulping and papermaking. Oxytenanthera abyssinica bamboo samples were harvested, sorted, dried and milled using Wiley Mill and sieved with 250μm mesh for chemical analysis. In this work, the chemical composition of Oxytenanthera abyssinica bam-boo, the effect of soda-AQ pulping conditions on pulp yield and kappa number and also the mechanical properties of paper made from lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) was evaluated. Oxytenanthera abyssinica bamboo chemical composition contains higher cellulose content (52.06%) and pulp yield which make bamboo a preferred raw material for pulping. The bamboo chips were pulped using digester pulping unit with 15, 20 and 25% varying alkali charge; 60, 120 and 180 min cooking times and 150, 175 and 200oC cooking temperature. The maximum pulp yield and minimum kappa number obtained was 52.24% and 12.16 respectively were achieve...

Background: In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the biomass energy is consumed by domestic households... more Background: In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the biomass energy is consumed by domestic households and the demand is growing from 10-14%. However, there are little/no practical experiences or documented indigenous knowledge on how traditional people identify and select high biomass producing plant species with short rotation periods at Boset District. Therefore, the present study was aimed at: (1) selecting and documenting high biomass energy producing plant species at Boset District; (2) identifying major predictor variables that influence the prioritization and selection of species; and (3) develop a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to predict the selection of species. Methods: A total of 96 informants comprising 59 men and 37 women between the ages of 18 and 81 were sampled. Data were collected using structured interviews, guided field walk, discussions and field observations. Results: Collected data indicated that 88.5% of the informants involved in firewood collection, while 90% p...

Waste Management, 2022

Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology holds numerous potential benefits for farmers, however, chall... more Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology holds numerous potential benefits for farmers, however, challenges persist in terms of implementation costs and sustainability in developing countries. This paper presents a probabilistic techno-economic assessment tool for AD. A clear distinction is made between direct financial feasibility and wider (socio) economic feasibility. The tool identifies the technical- and economic factors influencing the returns of a particular AD process as well as the sensitivity of model predictions to variations in the value of the identified factors using a Monte Carlo approach. The tool is applied to assess the feasibility of a smallholder farm-based AD installation under a variety of substrates and operating conditions as an illustrative case study, where on-going flows of costs and benefits were considered over a 15-year period and discounted at a rate of 8%. The results of the case study revealed that the installation of a 10 m3 smallholder farm-based anaerobic digester are likely to be financially and economically viable with a financial benefit-cost ratio of 1.30-1.38 and an economic benefit-cost ratio ranged from 5.49 to 6.01. Risk assessment results confirmed the strong economic feasibility of a smallholder farm-based AD implementation: under the most conservative cost estimates, there is a 73% probability of achieving a financial benefit-cost ratio > 1, while there is a 96.6% probability of achieving an economic benefit-cost ratio > 1. The case study demonstrated the utility of probabilistic techno-economic assessments for informed decision making, a tool which can be readily generalized to other settings.

The aim of this study was to make comparison of chemical compositions of the indigenous species o... more The aim of this study was to make comparison of chemical compositions of the indigenous species of bamboo, Yushania alpina, which is grown at Tikur-Enchini in the north part of Ethiopia. The experiment has been conducted to determine extractive yield, cellulose content, lignin content and ash content based on the culm position of the bamboo species. Chemical characterization was carried out according to the standard outlined in American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) except, determination of cellulose content, which was conducted using Kurschner and Hoffer method. The results were analyzed by using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Software. From the study, it has been shown that the main effect of culm positions on cellulose content and the interaction effect between age and culm positions on cellulose and lignin content is not significantly (p<0.05) different. The main effects of extractive yield and ash content with respect to bamboo age and culm position is highly signi...

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Gesho (Rhamnus priniodes) solvent extract and he... more The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Gesho (Rhamnus priniodes) solvent extract and herkule bitterness power at different boiling conditions for production of beer in order to find possible sources for future novel bittering agent in brewing industries. In this study, different hop ratios were controlled as constant during each brewing process. The influence of process variables on bitterness of beer was analyzed with a 2 Full-Factorial experiment with the aid of design expert 7.0.0 software package has been employed. The study showed the presence of bittering agent in large amounts in R. priniodes crude extract. The results revealed that R. priniodes fraction up to fifty percent exhibited the highest bittering value (24.02±0.295Bu) at P =5.4, temp. =80C, and time=45min. and good beer quality as compared to the other fractions and herkule. The various crude extracts and fractions of R. priniodes significantly had bittering power and reduced the fractions of herkule. Leaf ...

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2021

Background In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the fuelwood (firewood and/or charcoal) is consumed fo... more Background In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the fuelwood (firewood and/or charcoal) is consumed for cooking, heating and lighting purposes by domestic households and the demand is growing from 10 to 14%. However, there are little/no practical experiences or documented indigenous knowledge on how traditional people identify and select high fuelwood producing plant species with short rotation periods at Boset District. Therefore, the present study was aimed at: (1) selecting and documenting high fuelwood producing plant species at Boset District; (2) identifying major predictor variables that influence the prioritization and selection of species; and (3) develop a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to predict the selection of species. Methods A total of 96 informants comprising 59 men and 37 women between the ages of 18 and 81 were sampled. Data were collected using structured interviews, guided field walk, discussions and field observations. Results Collected data indicated that 88.5% of ...

The selection of bamboo species for various applications in the chemical and biochemical related ... more The selection of bamboo species for various applications in the chemical and biochemical related industry is related to the chemical composition. This research was carried out to study the major chemical compositions of bamboo culms grown around Assosa town in Ethiopia. Lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) samples were harvested, sorted, dried, milled using Wiley Mill, sieved and all chemical characteristics were determined in accordance with the standards outlined in ASTM except Kurchner-Hoffer and Alkali extraction method for cellulose and hemicellose determination, respectively. From the study it showed that the average results of the main chemical composition (Cellulose, Hemicelluloses and Lignin) were 52.06, 16.90 and 22.47%, respectively. The Ash content of Oxytenanthera abyssinica was 5.30% while the extractives content (Hot-water & Alcohol-toluene solubility) was 6.80 and 5.60%, respectively.

BioEnergy Research, 2021

This study estimates agricultural residue biomass available for biogas generation in small farmin... more This study estimates agricultural residue biomass available for biogas generation in small farming systems in the rural Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar, during 2017-2018. Estimations of biomass were done using a combination of agricultural household surveys, literature models, and publicly available data. Manure from four types of farm animals and 17 residue types from ten crops were assessed. In the studied period, gross biomass produced from animal manure and crop residue was 19.4+7.41 and 7.3+1.08 tonnes fresh weight per year per agricultural household, respectively, of which up to 54% and 83% are estimated as recoverable for the production of bioenergy in the studied area, respectively. Estimations indicate that available animal manure and crop residue have the potential to generate 291+92 and 745+122 Nm 3 of methane per year per agricultural household respectively, equivalent to 10.5+3.34 and 26.8+4.28 GJ of heat energy from manure and residues, respectively. Theoretically, the average estimated energy potential can result in the complete substitution of domestic fuels in agricultural households. Approximately 0.12 tonnes of nitrogen per household per year can be recovered from the estimated digestate (using all residue types) after energy recovery, which can be employed for crop fertilization. The recovered nitrogen corresponds to 0.26 tonnes urea fertilizer per household per year. The investigation shows that anaerobic digestion based on crop residue and manure has the potential to meet a significant portion of energy needs of smallholder farmers in the Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar and can make an important contribution to providing fertilizer for on-farm use.

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2020

This paper assesses agricultural residues available for biogas production in smallholder farming ... more This paper assesses agricultural residues available for biogas production in smallholder farming systems in the KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces of South Africa, during 2017-2018. Biomass estimations were done using a combination of smallholder surveys, publicly available data, and literature models, and 11 residue types from 5 crops and manure from 5 types of livestock were estimated. During the investigated period, gross biomass generated from crop residue was 11 and 13 t per smallholder household, of which 63% and 84% are estimated as surplus in KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, respectively. The gross biomass generated from animal manure was 158 and 84 t per smallholder household in KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, respectively, of which 48% are estimated as surplus. Estimated biomethane potential from the surplus crop residue is approximately 1370 Nm 3 CH 4 per year per smallholder household, equivalent to 49.3 GJ of heat energy. For methane, estimated potential from animal manure is 2105 and 1135 Nm 3 CH 4 per year per smallholder household, equivalent to 76 and 41 GJ of heat energy, for KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, respectively. The estimated energy potential is higher than low-income South African households' cooking (19.8 GJ y − 1) and total (49.3 GJ y − 1) energy demand, theoretically enabling the complete substitution of current domestic fuels. The total estimated digestate from all residues contains approximately 0.32 t nitrogen, equivalent to 0.70 t urea fertilizer, per year per smallholder household. The analysis indicates that anaerobic digestion based on agricultural residues can make a significant contribution to meeting energy and fertilizer needs of smallholder farmers in KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019

This paper studied the chemical composition of cultivated 3, 4 and 5 year-old highland bamboo (Y.... more This paper studied the chemical composition of cultivated 3, 4 and 5 year-old highland bamboo (Y. alpina) which were classified into three position (top, medium and bottom) to determined the main compositions especially cellulose, lignin, extractive and ash content. From all culms representative samples were converted to the required size of wood chips to prepared sample for chemical testing. Then the specimens prepared from bottom, middle and top portions for the three ages were used to determine the chemical properties in accordance to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards except for cellulose test determined according to Kurschner and Hoffer method. All parameters in the experiment were expressed by percent based on dry basis. From this research, we have found small but significant increases in mean cellulose content from the base to the top of the culm at all three ages. The lignin content in Y. alpina species of bamboo is in the ranged of 23.04 to 30.03%. ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Gesho (Rhamnus priniodes) solvent extract and he... more The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Gesho (Rhamnus priniodes) solvent extract and herkule bitterness power at different boiling conditions for production of beer in order to find possible sources for future novel bittering agent in brewing industries. In this study, different hop ratios were controlled as constant during each brewing process. The influence of process variables on bitterness of beer was analyzed with a 2 3 Full-Factorial experiment with the aid of design expert 7.0.0 software package has been employed. The study showed the presence of bittering agent in large amounts in R. priniodes crude extract. The results revealed that R. priniodes fraction up to fifty percent exhibited the highest bittering value (24.02±0.295Bu) at P H =5.4, temp. =80 o C, and time=45min. and good beer quality as compared to the other fractions and herkule. The various crude extracts and fractions of R. priniodes significantly had bittering power and reduced the fractions of herkule. Leaf of R. priniodes can be used as source of natural bittering agent and a potential alternative raw material for brewing industries.