Gamil Abdalla - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gamil Abdalla

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2016

The photothermal properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are promising therapeutic modality for c... more The photothermal properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are promising therapeutic modality for cancer. The study objective is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the prepared PEGylated gold nano-semicubes (PEG-GNSCs) in skin cancer. The synthesized PEG-GNSCs were intermediate between cubic and rod shapes (low aspect ratio- rods). In vitro toxicity was investigated in human skin melanoma Sk-Mel-28 cells, and skin squamous cell carcinoma was induced in CD1 mice by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The calculated IC50 in Sk-Mel-28 cells was 3.41μg/ml of PEG-GNSCs, in presence of laser exposure. Photothermal therapy using laser-stimulated PEG-GNSCs resulted in inhibited volume of skin tumors. Our findings indicated that the inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide and cycloxygenase-2, were inhibited in mice after being treated with low and high doses of PEG-GNSCs, accompanied with laser exposure. However, the tumor necrosis factor -α was markedly elevated, while there was no change in 5-lipoxygenase. The pro-angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor was inhibited, while histone acetylation and apoptosis were induced in tumor-bearing groups, after being treated with laser-stimulated PEG-GNSCs. The present study indicated the promising photothermal therapeutic effect of laser-stimulated PEG-GNSCs as an effective modality to inhibit the tumor growth, the angiogenesis and partially the inflammation.

Aim of study: To investigate the diagnostic role of copeptin, a novel neuropeptide derived from p... more Aim of study: To investigate the diagnostic role of copeptin, a novel neuropeptide derived from pre-proarginine vasopressin (preproAVP), as a messenger of stress signals in early identification of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within early hours of admission into emergency department (ED), alone and as combination with other well established necrotic biomarkers as; cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) and myocardial band of creatine kinase (CK-MB). Subjects and Methods: This study was performed on 50 subjects admitted to ED of the National Heart Institute (NHI) suffering from acute chest pain within 3 hours from chest pain onset. Patients with positive electrocardiographic (ECG) evidences were excluded. They were divided into 33 pa-tients with AMI and 17 patients with unstable angina (UA). Concentrations of copeptin, cTnI and CK-MB were determined in sera of the individuals at the time of admission, 3 and 6 hours later. Copeptin and cTnI were determined using commercially available enzyme ...

Context: Quercetin, a dietary-derived flavonoid, is ubiquitous in fruits and vegetables and plays... more Context: Quercetin, a dietary-derived flavonoid, is ubiquitous in fruits and vegetables and plays important roles in human health by virtue of its antioxidant activity. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the possible modulatory effect of quercetin against hepatic lipemic-oxidative injury in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet (HCD), and to highlight the underlying mechanisms of such effect. Materials and methods: Different groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used; one group was treated by gavage with HCD cocktail (1 mL/100 g) whereas another group was orally administered HCD-enriched with quercetin (15 mg/ kg). Corresponding control animals were also used. Results: Quercetin administration significantly decreased liver triglycerides (24%), liver total cholesterol (TC) (22%), serum TC (20%), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (31%), and duplicated serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This study also revealed that quercetin administration significantly reduced the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (41%), aspartate aminotransferase (51%), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (G-GT) (35%). Significant inhibition of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (40%), together with a valuable enhancement of reduced glutathione (GSH) content (53%) in the liver homogenates, was observed. In addition, quercetin-treated hypercholesterolemic animals exhibited a reasonable improvement of hepatic antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, serum and liver content of nitric oxide (NO) were markedly decreased in this model (26 and 25%, respectively), and were almost normalized following quercetin administration. Discussion and conclusion: These data revealed that quercetin has the ability to ameliorate HCD-induced lipemicoxidative injury in rat liver possibly through its antioxidant potential and/or increased NO bioavailability.

Lead is a persistent and common environmental contaminant, which chiefly plays a significant role... more Lead is a persistent and common environmental contaminant, which chiefly plays a significant role in modern industry. Coenzyme Q acts as electron and proton carrier in mitochondria and functions as an antioxidant in its reduced form (ubiquinol). To investigate the hazardous effects of lead on the coenzyme Q level, rats were injected i.p. with lead acetate (5 mg/kg b.wt. daily for 6 weeks). Our results showed that the levels of both oxidized (ubiquinone) and reduced (ubiquinol) forms of coenzyme Q(9) and Q(10) in serum, brain, liver and kidney of lead-treated rats are quite different depending on the organ tissue type.

Copeptin is a novel neuroendocrine peptide recently introduced to the field of acute medicine bio... more Copeptin is a novel neuroendocrine peptide recently introduced to the field of acute medicine biomarkers. It is 39 amino acids glycopeptide cosynthesized with arginine vasopressin (AVP) and released together in stoichiometric pattern from the hypothalamus upon stimulation of AVP release. Due to difficulties of AVP assay, copeptin largely replaced it in clinical assay as surrogate biomarker because copeptin has easier and more valid measurement methods. In acute stress condition, copeptin rises and reflects stress level exactly like AVP which was largely known as mediator of non-specific stress conditions beside its prominent role in water homeostasis. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an acute stress state in which plasma copeptin rises. Early identification of AMI is a problem due to the delayed appearance of the cardiospecific troponins which start to rise within 6-9 hours from the onset of chest pain. In the recent years many studies concluded that, when copeptin is combined w...

Objective: Obesity is a chronic condition recognized as a low-grade inflammatory process. YKL-40 ... more Objective: Obesity is a chronic condition recognized as a low-grade inflammatory process. YKL-40 is a protein secreted by activated macrophages, was found to be elevated in conditions that are characterized by inflammation like obesity and its complications. The circulating level of YKL-40 in obesity has not been adequately studied. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between the level of YKL-40 and different levels of increased body mass index (BMI) in Egyptian subjects. Research Design and Methods: Serum levels of YKL-40, C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin and other parameters were assessed in 60 subjects of different levels of increased body mass index(>25 kg/m 2 ) compared to 20 subjects of normal body mass index (>18.5 up to 25 kg/m 2 ) with matched age and sex. Serum YKL-40 and insulin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) whereas CRP levels were measured by turbidimetric immunoassay. Results: Serum YKL-40 levels were found to be significantly elevated in overweight, obese and morbid obese subjects when compared with normal control subjects. Its levels were 121.7, 121.3 and 131.6 ng/mL among overweight, obese and morbid obese respectively and 88.2 ng/mL for normal BMI. This level of YKL-40 is significantly higher compared to normal subjects at P< 0.05. YKL-40 level was found to be also significantly positively correlated with BMI, body fat percentage (BF %), index of central obesity (ICO) and CRP. CRP level was found to increase significantly with the rise of BMI. The level was 4.09 mg/L among overweight rises to 4.85 mg/L among obese and shoots up to 10.86 mg/L among morbid obese while normal control subjects CRP was 2.40 mg/L. Conclusion: The study suggests that YKL-40 and CRP levels are elevated in overweight, obese and morbid obese subjects in relation to BMI.

Free radicals are highly reactive species that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many d... more Free radicals are highly reactive species that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Reactive oxygen species can initiate lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, leading to mutagenesis, carcinogensis and cell death. This study was undertaken to investigate free radical generations and the antioxidant status in hypoxia induced by sodium nitrite injection (10 mg /kg s.c.) and the possible prevention by intraperitoneal injection of ubiquinone (CoQ10) (200 mg / kg). Reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation product such as malondialdhyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), arylesterase and paraoxonase (PON) were determined in differents tissues of rats. GSH, SOD and arylesterase activities were significantly decreased in all investigated tissues in the hypoxia induced by nitrite. However, PON activity was significantly reduced in brain tissue. In contrast GSH-Px activity and MDA were significantly elevated in all tested organs as compa...

Chest

Oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and effect of lycopene (A dietary suppl... more Oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and effect of lycopene (A dietary supplement) on markers of oxidative stress, inflammation & pulmonary function".

INTRODUCTION: Genus Lavandula (Lamiaceae), consist of about 39 species, dozens of subspecies, hun... more INTRODUCTION: Genus Lavandula (Lamiaceae), consist of about 39 species, dozens of subspecies, hundreds of hybrids and cultivars those are widely distributed in the archipelagoes of the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean region, it is divided into four main categories; L. angustifolia, L. dentata, L. latifolia and L. intermedia (1 and 2), in Egypt, there are two Lavandula species; L. dentata L. and L. angustifolia Mill. (3); L. dentata commonly known as French lavender is a large plant with greenish-grey foliage late blooming and with characteristic very strong odour (4) while L. angustifolia commonly known as English lavender is a frost hardy species that has many cultivars, habitats and blossom colours (5). The advantageous value of Lavandula species can be referred to the virtue of its versatile therapeutic potentials those can be attributed to the high content of their uniquely constituted volatile oil as well as phenolic content (1, 2 and 6); several researches reported isolation ...

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2015

This work aimed at investigating the potential modulatory effects and mechanisms of crocin agains... more This work aimed at investigating the potential modulatory effects and mechanisms of crocin against CCl4 -induced nephrotoxicity. Forty male rats were allocated for three weeks treatment with corn oil, CCl4 , crocin, or crocin plus CCl4 . Crocin effectively mitigated CCl4 -induced kidney injury as evidenced by amelioration of alterations in kidney histopathology, renal weight/100 g body weight ratio and kidney functions. Crocin modulated CCl4 -induced disturbance of kidney cytochrom-P450 subfamily 2E1 and glutathione-S-transferase. The attenuation of crocin to kidney injury was also associated with suppression of oxidative stress via reduction of lipid peroxides along with induction of renal glutathione content and enhancement of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities. Crocin mitigated CCl4 -induced elevation of the renal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, and active caspases-3. Collectively, crocin alleviated CCl4 -induced renal damage via modulation of kidney metabolizing enzymes, suppression of oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, PGE2, and active caspase3 in kidney.

Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2011

Background: Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a multifunctional protein involved in lipid regulati... more Background: Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a multifunctional protein involved in lipid regulation, energy metabolism, angiogenesis, and inflammation. It is highly expressed in the liver. Diabetic patients have metabolic derangement that may linked to ANGPTL4. The aim of this study was to address the role of ANGPTL4 in cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes and confirming its relation with lipid and glucose metabolism. Methods: Quantitative determination of serum ANGPTL4 in 29 patients with DM, (17 without CVD and 12 with CVD) and 12 non diabetic healthy controls was done. Results: Fasting and postprandial ANGPTL4 was higher in complicated diabetic group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLcholesterol, risk ratio1 and 2, FBG and PPBG were elevated in both complicated and non complicated groups, while HDLcholesterol was lower in complicated group. Fasting ANGPTL4 was higher than postprandial ANGPTL4 in complicated patients. There was a positive correlation between ANGPTL4 and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in CVD patients. Conclusions: Elevated ANGPTL4 associated with elevation of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol and lowering HDL-cholesterol could be reflects cardiovascular risk in diabetics or even normals.

Biological Trace Element Research, 2014

The present study was undertaken to investigate the utility of cystatin C (CysC) as an early biom... more The present study was undertaken to investigate the utility of cystatin C (CysC) as an early biomarker of cadmium (Cd)-induced renal injury. The study was carried out on 50 adult male individuals divided into five groups of 10 individuals as follows: control, welders, smoker welders, diabetic welders, and smoker diabetic welders. The results indicated that plasma levels of CysC, creatinine, urea, and uric acid were significantly higher in welders compared to control individuals. In addition, the levels of whole blood Cd, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation products as well as erythrocyte osmotic fragility were significantly higher in welders compared to control individuals. In contrast, the levels of plasma albumin and whole blood glutathione were significantly decreased in welders compared to control individuals. The alterations of the measured parameters were enhanced in the presence of smoking and hyperglycemia besides exposure to welding fumes. These results suggest that CysC can be used as a sensitive biomarker of the early stages of Cd-induced renal injury.

Pathophysiology, 2014

High or toxic doses of acetaminophen (APAP), a mild analgesic and antipyretic drug, can cause lif... more High or toxic doses of acetaminophen (APAP), a mild analgesic and antipyretic drug, can cause life-threatening hepatic and renal dysfunction. This study is designed to investigate the potential protective role of quercetin to attenuate the hepatorenal toxicity induced by a high single oral dose (3g/kg) of APAP in rats. Three main groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were used: quercetin, APAP and quercetin plus APAP-receiving animals. Corresponding control animals were also used. Interestingly, oral supplementation of quercetin (15mg/kg/day) prior to APAP intoxication dramatically reduced APAP-induced hepatorenal toxicity as evidenced by measuring serum lipid profile, total protein, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, G-GT and liver tissue content of TC and TG. Quercetin treatment markedly prevented the generation of TBARS and PCC with substantial improvement in terms of GSH and activities of antioxidant enzymes in both liver and kidney homogenates. The relationship between quercetin and NO levels which is still a matter of debate, was also investigated. NO levels in serum, liver and kidney tissues were significantly inhibited in quercetin pre-treated animals. Furthermore, quercetin administration significantly inhibited the reduction of liver and kidney contents of ATP parcels associated with this hepatorenal toxicity. These results suggest that the protective role of quercetin in the prevention of APAP-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats was associated with the decrease of oxidative and nitrosative stress in hepatic and renal tissues as well as its capacity to improve the mitochondrial energy production. However, clinical studies are warranted to investigate such an effect in human subjects.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a dramatic effect on quality of life. Elevated l... more Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a dramatic effect on quality of life. Elevated level of homocystein (HCY) i n C OPD are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study was to evaluate the level of HCY and the role of antioxidant supplementation in COPD patients. Methods: Homocysteine and folic a cid ha ve been determined by HPLC while,

Pharmaceutical Biology, 2012

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2008

Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a volatile, toxic liquid used as a monomer in the manufacture of synthetic... more Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a volatile, toxic liquid used as a monomer in the manufacture of synthetic rubber, styrene plastics, acrylic fiber, and adhesives. ACN is a potent neurotoxin. A role for free radical mediated lipid peroxidation in the toxicity of ACN has been suggested. We examined the ability of hesperidin, an antioxidant flavonoid, to attenuate ACN-induced alterations in lipid peroxidation in rat brains. The daily oral administration of ACN to male albino rats in a dose of 50 mg/kg bwt for a period of 28 days produced a significant elevation in brain lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) amounting to 107%, accompanied by a marked decrease in brain-reduced glutathione (GSH) content reaching 63%. In addition, ACN administration resulted in significant reductions in the enzymatic antioxidant parameters of brain; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) recording 43%, 64%, 52%, and 43%, respectively. On the other hand, pretreatment with hesperidin and its coadministration with ACN once daily in a dose of 200 mg/kg bwt i.p. for 28 days ameliorated ACN-induced alterations in brain lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that hesperidin may have a beneficial role against ACN-induced oxidative stress in the brain; an effect that is mainly attributed to the antioxidant property of hesperidin.

Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010