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Papers by Abdalla Mohamed Abdalla
Indian Journal of Entomology, 2018
The landuse pattern in some areas of North Kordofan State, Sudan are changing from natural pastur... more The landuse pattern in some areas of North Kordofan State, Sudan are changing from natural pasture into plantations of Acacia senegal, the main producer of gum arabic. Here, the tree locust, Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon (Orthoptera: Acrididae), once considered as sporadic pest, is now being considered as a major pest jeopardising gum arabic production. This study explored such A. senegal plantations 35 km ex. southeast of Elobeid city, North Kordofan State during 2008-2009. The biology and ecology were studied with field surveys through weekly observations. Simultaneously, laboratory experiments were also done at the Gum Arabic Research Centre in the University of Kordofan, Sudan. Results revealed that the eggs were laid in moist soil during rainy season around mid-July. The incubation period was 40 days, after which the nymphal stages developed during August and early September. The last nymphal stage moults into fledgling adult in late September to October towards the end of the rainy season. The adults sexually mature in dry season but gonads restore activity at the onset of ensuing rainy season. The correlations of adults and nymphs' density revealed variations showing different growth levels (4.71±1.257 and 8.20±0.034; and 0.05±3.636 and 0.31±0.107), respectively. The means of population structures varied (from 0.00 to 14.0783 to 0.00 to 4.8867 in 2008 and 2009, respectively). The adult development started from mid-September to October, with males developing earlier than females. Feeding was more on the new sprouts than the leaves.
The compatibility between Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) str... more The compatibility between Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) strain IMI 330189, and Neem seed oil Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Was evaluated in the laboratory. The survival range of M. anisopliae in different concentrations of Neem oil is recognized. The fungus vegetative growth and conidia production were considered as a yardstick for compatibility of the test materials. Water, diesel and groundnut oil dilutions of M. anisopliae were inoculated into Petri dishes containing semi-synthetic media + chloramphenicol (SSM+C) with different Neem oil concentrations and incubated for 10 days at temperatures of 20°C, 28°C and 34°C. The resulted fungus growth and the conidia produced were subjected to the classification model for in vitro products compatibility. At 28°C, all Neem concentrations below 2% were compatible with M. anisopliae and the concentrations 2% and 2.5% were moderately toxic, whereas at 20°C, 1% Neem was toxic to M. anisopliae when diluted in...
World Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014
White grubs Adoretus emarginatus Ohaus and Heteronychus licas Klug are beetles belonging to (Cole... more White grubs Adoretus emarginatus Ohaus and Heteronychus licas Klug are beetles belonging to (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) sited among the serious subterranean pests of sugarcane Succharum officinarum L. (Graminae) in The Kenana Sugar Farm in Sudan. In this study, previous work on chemical control and population dynamic of the pest is reviewed. Field experiments and surveys were maintained for the two consecutive seasons (), in Kenana sugar farm targeting the white grubs as pests of the cane crop. Two concentrations from each of the three chemicals insecticides namely Dursban, Regent and Tafaban Chlorpyriphos, were tested for their efficacy against the white grubs. Tafaban 1L. /fed gave the best efficacy against the white grubs with average number of dead grubs (17.467± 1.4430).
The main resource-use pattern in Kordofan region of Sudan could be considered as a typical agropa... more The main resource-use pattern in Kordofan region of Sudan could be considered as a typical agropastoral system of Saharo-Sahelian zone. Northern part of the region is dominated by camels and desert sheep herders, while cattle herders traverse from the southern part -where there are savannah vegetations -to the Sahelian environment in the north during the rainy season. As consequences of drought episodes and some changes in land-use systems in the area, agro-pastoral communities facing multitude of challenges that necessitate the development of some strategies to cope with their environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study is designed to scrutinize strategies developed by local communities to enhance resilience in addition to evaluate the previous interventions put by some actors to enhance local mechanisms for conflict mitigation. A conceptual framework was developed to explain the interrelation of factors and attributes of sustainable development of agro-pastoral communities in the area. Political ecology and analytical approaches were followed. A key informant's questionnaire was designed and subsequently completed by interviewing 200 respondents. In addition to focus discussion that was conducted with some tribal leaders. Results indicated that the main challenges facing pastoralists were climate variability and its impacts on natural resources, conflicts/security and lack of basic services like health and education. Strategies developed by pastoralists to meet some challenges were herd mobility in searching for water and pasture, keeping drought tolerant animals, diversifying livestock species in favor of resilience to drought and herds splitting among their relatives. These strategies may enhance resilience of pastoral communities if coupled with the provision of a multidisciplinary approach that regulate access to water and range pastures via demarcation of the livestock corridors, revision of land tenure, provision of services and minimizing ethno-political polarization. Provision of such a multidisciplinary approach may pave the way for sustainable development in the region.
Indian Journal of Entomology, 2018
The landuse pattern in some areas of North Kordofan State, Sudan are changing from natural pastur... more The landuse pattern in some areas of North Kordofan State, Sudan are changing from natural pasture into plantations of Acacia senegal, the main producer of gum arabic. Here, the tree locust, Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon (Orthoptera: Acrididae), once considered as sporadic pest, is now being considered as a major pest jeopardising gum arabic production. This study explored such A. senegal plantations 35 km ex. southeast of Elobeid city, North Kordofan State during 2008-2009. The biology and ecology were studied with field surveys through weekly observations. Simultaneously, laboratory experiments were also done at the Gum Arabic Research Centre in the University of Kordofan, Sudan. Results revealed that the eggs were laid in moist soil during rainy season around mid-July. The incubation period was 40 days, after which the nymphal stages developed during August and early September. The last nymphal stage moults into fledgling adult in late September to October towards the end of the rainy season. The adults sexually mature in dry season but gonads restore activity at the onset of ensuing rainy season. The correlations of adults and nymphs' density revealed variations showing different growth levels (4.71±1.257 and 8.20±0.034; and 0.05±3.636 and 0.31±0.107), respectively. The means of population structures varied (from 0.00 to 14.0783 to 0.00 to 4.8867 in 2008 and 2009, respectively). The adult development started from mid-September to October, with males developing earlier than females. Feeding was more on the new sprouts than the leaves.
The compatibility between Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) str... more The compatibility between Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) strain IMI 330189, and Neem seed oil Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Was evaluated in the laboratory. The survival range of M. anisopliae in different concentrations of Neem oil is recognized. The fungus vegetative growth and conidia production were considered as a yardstick for compatibility of the test materials. Water, diesel and groundnut oil dilutions of M. anisopliae were inoculated into Petri dishes containing semi-synthetic media + chloramphenicol (SSM+C) with different Neem oil concentrations and incubated for 10 days at temperatures of 20°C, 28°C and 34°C. The resulted fungus growth and the conidia produced were subjected to the classification model for in vitro products compatibility. At 28°C, all Neem concentrations below 2% were compatible with M. anisopliae and the concentrations 2% and 2.5% were moderately toxic, whereas at 20°C, 1% Neem was toxic to M. anisopliae when diluted in...
World Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014
White grubs Adoretus emarginatus Ohaus and Heteronychus licas Klug are beetles belonging to (Cole... more White grubs Adoretus emarginatus Ohaus and Heteronychus licas Klug are beetles belonging to (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) sited among the serious subterranean pests of sugarcane Succharum officinarum L. (Graminae) in The Kenana Sugar Farm in Sudan. In this study, previous work on chemical control and population dynamic of the pest is reviewed. Field experiments and surveys were maintained for the two consecutive seasons (), in Kenana sugar farm targeting the white grubs as pests of the cane crop. Two concentrations from each of the three chemicals insecticides namely Dursban, Regent and Tafaban Chlorpyriphos, were tested for their efficacy against the white grubs. Tafaban 1L. /fed gave the best efficacy against the white grubs with average number of dead grubs (17.467± 1.4430).
The main resource-use pattern in Kordofan region of Sudan could be considered as a typical agropa... more The main resource-use pattern in Kordofan region of Sudan could be considered as a typical agropastoral system of Saharo-Sahelian zone. Northern part of the region is dominated by camels and desert sheep herders, while cattle herders traverse from the southern part -where there are savannah vegetations -to the Sahelian environment in the north during the rainy season. As consequences of drought episodes and some changes in land-use systems in the area, agro-pastoral communities facing multitude of challenges that necessitate the development of some strategies to cope with their environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study is designed to scrutinize strategies developed by local communities to enhance resilience in addition to evaluate the previous interventions put by some actors to enhance local mechanisms for conflict mitigation. A conceptual framework was developed to explain the interrelation of factors and attributes of sustainable development of agro-pastoral communities in the area. Political ecology and analytical approaches were followed. A key informant's questionnaire was designed and subsequently completed by interviewing 200 respondents. In addition to focus discussion that was conducted with some tribal leaders. Results indicated that the main challenges facing pastoralists were climate variability and its impacts on natural resources, conflicts/security and lack of basic services like health and education. Strategies developed by pastoralists to meet some challenges were herd mobility in searching for water and pasture, keeping drought tolerant animals, diversifying livestock species in favor of resilience to drought and herds splitting among their relatives. These strategies may enhance resilience of pastoral communities if coupled with the provision of a multidisciplinary approach that regulate access to water and range pastures via demarcation of the livestock corridors, revision of land tenure, provision of services and minimizing ethno-political polarization. Provision of such a multidisciplinary approach may pave the way for sustainable development in the region.