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Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems, 2018

The Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model recommended as a de... more The Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model recommended as a decision support tool for deriving optimal site-specific fertilizer rates for cassava has limited ability to estimate water-limited yields. We assessed potential and water-limited yields based on the light interception and utilization (LINTUL) modelling approach in order to enhance the determination of fertilizer requirements for cassava production in Southern Togo. Data collected in 2 years field experiments in Sevekpota and Djakakope were used. Potential ranged from 12.2 to 17.6 Mg ha−1, and water-limited yields from 10.4 to 14.5 Mg ha−1. The simulated average fertilizer requirements were 121 kg N, 2 kg P and no K ha−1 for a target yield of 9.3 Mg ha−1 at Sevekpota, and 103 kg N, 6 kg P and 175 kg K ha−1 for a target yield of 9.7 Mg ha−1 at Djakakope. The variability of fertilizer requirements was attributed to differences in indigenous soil fertility and water-limited yields. The latter correlated well with rainfall variability over years and sites. Integrating LINTUL output with QUEFTS helped account for location-specific weather seasonal variability and enhanced assessment of fertilizer requirement for cassava production in Southern Togo.

Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems, 2018

Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems, 2018

Maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) are major commodities in Burkina Faso. However, yi... more Maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) are major commodities in Burkina Faso. However, yields remain low despite the creation of improved varieties. These low yields are mainly due to low soil fertility and inadequate fertilization, which require new fertilizer formulas. For this purpose, the Decision Support System for Agro Technology Transfer (DSSAT 4.5) model was combined with on-farm experimentation to determine optimal fertilizer rates (NPK) for maize production using a Fisher type experimental design. Response curves were used to develop options for the intensification of rice production.

The use of the model Quantitative Evaluation of Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) was combined... more The use of the model Quantitative Evaluation of Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) was combined with on-farm experiments to evaluate soil nutrient status under soil and water conservation (SWC) techniques such as stone barriers and Zai to update fertilizer formulae used in sorghum production in the northern part of Burkina Faso. Results from nutrient omission trials (NOT) carried out in farmers’ fields show clearly that phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are the most limiting nutrients to sorghum production. SWC techniques affect soil nutrient status, nutrient exports and nutrient use efficiency. The average initial nitrogen fertility of these farms was 23.16 kg.ha−1 and 21.10 kg ha−1 under stone barriers and zai respectively. Nitrogen exports reached an average of 28.05 kg ha−1 under stone barriers and 21.14 kg ha−1 under zai. The average use efficiency for 1 kg of N was 40.11 kg of grain under stone barriers and 26.20 kg of grain under zai. The results also show that the use of org...

Advances in Crop Science and Technology, 2018

Science Et Changements Planetaires Secheresse, 2004

Many studies carried out in Burkina Faso have been focused on soil fertility management, runoff a... more Many studies carried out in Burkina Faso have been focused on soil fertility management, runoff and soil erosion control. Conducted on both a research station and a farm (Saria agricultural research station and Pougyango village, respectively), the present study aimed at assessing the interaction between soil and water conservation measures and the use of organic and mineral nutrient sources. At Saria, such runoff and erosion control techniques as stone bunds and Andropogon gayanus grass strips were coupled to organic or nitrogen mineral fertilisers. At Pougyango, half‐moons and zai pits techniques were used together with organic or N‐mineral fertilisers and mulching. The results showed that stone bunds reduced runoff by 53% against 45% for grass strips. The organic fertiliser source (compost, manure) appeared more efficient in runoff and erosion control than the N‐mineral fertiliser counterpart. Combining compost with stone bunds or grass strips induced an increase of 180% of sorghum grain yield while the same soil conservation measures used jointly with the N fertiliser induced an increase of about 70%. Similarly, the half‐moon with compost or animal manure application generated a greater sorghum yield than when used with the mineral fertiliser and in the control plot. The two studies showed that water conservation without the addition of nutrients does not bring about a significant increase in crop yield, particularly in years when rainfall distribution is good. Combining soil and water conservation techniques with organic nutrient sources improved the chemical characteristics and productivity of the soil.

Fertilizer recovery and nutrient release from organic sources are often moisture limited in the s... more Fertilizer recovery and nutrient release from organic sources are often moisture limited in the semi-arid regions of the sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, runoff in theses regions is responsible for the high nutrient loss from applied minera1 or organic inputs. This study was conducted on the central plateau of Burkina at Saria agricultural research station. The objective was to assess the combined and interactive effects of soi1 and water conservation (SWC) measures (stone-rows and grass-strips of Andropogon gayanus Kunth cv. Bisquamulatus (Hochst.) Ha&) and organic/mineral sources of nitrogen on erosion control and sorghum performance. The climate of the research zone is of north soudanian type with an average of 800 mm rainfall and a PET of more than 2000 mm per

In semi-arid Sahel, soil erosion by water is one major factor accounting for negative nutrient ba... more In semi-arid Sahel, soil erosion by water is one major factor accounting for negative nutrient balances in agricultural systems. A field experiment was conducted on a Ferric Lixisol in Burkina Faso to assess the effects of soil and water conservation barriers (stone rows or grass strips of Andropogon gayanus), the sole use of organic (compost) or mineral (urea) source of nitrogen (N) and the combined use of barriers and compost or urea nitrogen on water runoff, soil nutrient and sediment erosion. The runoff barriers were put along contours. water runoff, organic carbon (OC) and nutrients losses through runoff and sediments were monitored during 2000 and 2002. Compared with the control plots, the average reduction in runoff was 59% in plots with barriers alone, but reached 67% in plots with barriers + mineral N and 84% in plots with barriers + organic N.Carbon and nutrient concentrations of generated sediments were very high, of 14-29 g kg-1 OC, 1.0-3.7 g kg-1 N and 0.32-0.71 g kg-1 ...

Land Use and Soil Resources, 2008

ABSTRACT The term “replenishment” is often misleading, as it suggests that soils are poor through... more ABSTRACT The term “replenishment” is often misleading, as it suggests that soils are poor through depletion by farmers and that soils should be restored to their original state for agricultural production. This philosophy created awareness of the problems confronted by African farmers. It neglects, however, the heterogeneous redistribution of nutrients that is inherent to agricultural land use. Active and passive transport of organic matter causes centripetal concentration of nutrients around farms and villages and maintains or even improves the soil fertility of crucial fields at the cost of surrounding land. The advice to use fertilizers on bush fields in view of the use of compost and manure on compound fields is like “putting the cart before the horse”; the value-cost ratio of using inorganic fertilizer on compound fields is higher than that on bush fields because of the negative organic matter and nutrient balances in bush fields. The integrated use of inorganic fertilizers and organic forms of manure triggers a positive spiral of improved nutrient-use efficiency and improved soil organic matter status. The increase in value-cost ratio of fertilizer use improves access to fertilizer and other external inputs. Where crop- livestock integration is an important component of agricultural intensification, the centripetal concentration can even turn into the opposite; a centrifugal transport that replenishes (planned or unplanned) the depleted surroundings of farms and villages. Active replenishment of depleted soils is no requirement for agricultural development; intensification can start on village fields where fertility is maintained or improved. However, public investment in soils, focusing on reinforcement of the positive effects of the centripetal concentration of organic matter and nutrients, is recommended; it enables farmers to start fertilizer use where even if the compound fields at present do not allow it.

Arid Land Research and Management, 1998

Studies were carried out on crusted soil in northern Burkina Faso to assess the role of termites ... more Studies were carried out on crusted soil in northern Burkina Faso to assess the role of termites and two organic materials differing in chemical composition in improving the productivity of crusted soil. A split plot design was used, the main treatment being the application of an insecticide (Dursban). This resulted in plots with and without termite activity. Subtreatments consisted of

Livelihoods of many people in Sub-Saharan Africa are tightly depending on sustainable watershed r... more Livelihoods of many people in Sub-Saharan Africa are tightly depending on sustainable watershed resources. Therefore in several countries, watershed development has become a major issue and many interdependent smallholders with low resource endowments are concerned by the use of associated natural resources. In the particular context of West Africa, watersheds are embedded in complex property right relations among users, making collective or individual investments for their development too risky or too difficult to organize. The diversity of watershed development outcomes, for instance infrastructures like stone bunds and institutions for governing watershed activities are analyzed as public goods and common pool resources (CPRs) using the common theory perspectives. It is well known in the literature that collective action is a necessary condition to resolve problems related to public goods and CPRs in different circumstances. Beyond existing empirical explorations of conditions fo...

Soil Use and Management, 2006

Soil Use and Management, 2003

Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems, 2018

The Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model recommended as a de... more The Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model recommended as a decision support tool for deriving optimal site-specific fertilizer rates for cassava has limited ability to estimate water-limited yields. We assessed potential and water-limited yields based on the light interception and utilization (LINTUL) modelling approach in order to enhance the determination of fertilizer requirements for cassava production in Southern Togo. Data collected in 2 years field experiments in Sevekpota and Djakakope were used. Potential ranged from 12.2 to 17.6 Mg ha−1, and water-limited yields from 10.4 to 14.5 Mg ha−1. The simulated average fertilizer requirements were 121 kg N, 2 kg P and no K ha−1 for a target yield of 9.3 Mg ha−1 at Sevekpota, and 103 kg N, 6 kg P and 175 kg K ha−1 for a target yield of 9.7 Mg ha−1 at Djakakope. The variability of fertilizer requirements was attributed to differences in indigenous soil fertility and water-limited yields. The latter correlated well with rainfall variability over years and sites. Integrating LINTUL output with QUEFTS helped account for location-specific weather seasonal variability and enhanced assessment of fertilizer requirement for cassava production in Southern Togo.

Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems, 2018

Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems, 2018

Maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) are major commodities in Burkina Faso. However, yi... more Maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) are major commodities in Burkina Faso. However, yields remain low despite the creation of improved varieties. These low yields are mainly due to low soil fertility and inadequate fertilization, which require new fertilizer formulas. For this purpose, the Decision Support System for Agro Technology Transfer (DSSAT 4.5) model was combined with on-farm experimentation to determine optimal fertilizer rates (NPK) for maize production using a Fisher type experimental design. Response curves were used to develop options for the intensification of rice production.

The use of the model Quantitative Evaluation of Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) was combined... more The use of the model Quantitative Evaluation of Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) was combined with on-farm experiments to evaluate soil nutrient status under soil and water conservation (SWC) techniques such as stone barriers and Zai to update fertilizer formulae used in sorghum production in the northern part of Burkina Faso. Results from nutrient omission trials (NOT) carried out in farmers’ fields show clearly that phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are the most limiting nutrients to sorghum production. SWC techniques affect soil nutrient status, nutrient exports and nutrient use efficiency. The average initial nitrogen fertility of these farms was 23.16 kg.ha−1 and 21.10 kg ha−1 under stone barriers and zai respectively. Nitrogen exports reached an average of 28.05 kg ha−1 under stone barriers and 21.14 kg ha−1 under zai. The average use efficiency for 1 kg of N was 40.11 kg of grain under stone barriers and 26.20 kg of grain under zai. The results also show that the use of org...

Advances in Crop Science and Technology, 2018

Science Et Changements Planetaires Secheresse, 2004

Many studies carried out in Burkina Faso have been focused on soil fertility management, runoff a... more Many studies carried out in Burkina Faso have been focused on soil fertility management, runoff and soil erosion control. Conducted on both a research station and a farm (Saria agricultural research station and Pougyango village, respectively), the present study aimed at assessing the interaction between soil and water conservation measures and the use of organic and mineral nutrient sources. At Saria, such runoff and erosion control techniques as stone bunds and Andropogon gayanus grass strips were coupled to organic or nitrogen mineral fertilisers. At Pougyango, half‐moons and zai pits techniques were used together with organic or N‐mineral fertilisers and mulching. The results showed that stone bunds reduced runoff by 53% against 45% for grass strips. The organic fertiliser source (compost, manure) appeared more efficient in runoff and erosion control than the N‐mineral fertiliser counterpart. Combining compost with stone bunds or grass strips induced an increase of 180% of sorghum grain yield while the same soil conservation measures used jointly with the N fertiliser induced an increase of about 70%. Similarly, the half‐moon with compost or animal manure application generated a greater sorghum yield than when used with the mineral fertiliser and in the control plot. The two studies showed that water conservation without the addition of nutrients does not bring about a significant increase in crop yield, particularly in years when rainfall distribution is good. Combining soil and water conservation techniques with organic nutrient sources improved the chemical characteristics and productivity of the soil.

Fertilizer recovery and nutrient release from organic sources are often moisture limited in the s... more Fertilizer recovery and nutrient release from organic sources are often moisture limited in the semi-arid regions of the sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, runoff in theses regions is responsible for the high nutrient loss from applied minera1 or organic inputs. This study was conducted on the central plateau of Burkina at Saria agricultural research station. The objective was to assess the combined and interactive effects of soi1 and water conservation (SWC) measures (stone-rows and grass-strips of Andropogon gayanus Kunth cv. Bisquamulatus (Hochst.) Ha&) and organic/mineral sources of nitrogen on erosion control and sorghum performance. The climate of the research zone is of north soudanian type with an average of 800 mm rainfall and a PET of more than 2000 mm per

In semi-arid Sahel, soil erosion by water is one major factor accounting for negative nutrient ba... more In semi-arid Sahel, soil erosion by water is one major factor accounting for negative nutrient balances in agricultural systems. A field experiment was conducted on a Ferric Lixisol in Burkina Faso to assess the effects of soil and water conservation barriers (stone rows or grass strips of Andropogon gayanus), the sole use of organic (compost) or mineral (urea) source of nitrogen (N) and the combined use of barriers and compost or urea nitrogen on water runoff, soil nutrient and sediment erosion. The runoff barriers were put along contours. water runoff, organic carbon (OC) and nutrients losses through runoff and sediments were monitored during 2000 and 2002. Compared with the control plots, the average reduction in runoff was 59% in plots with barriers alone, but reached 67% in plots with barriers + mineral N and 84% in plots with barriers + organic N.Carbon and nutrient concentrations of generated sediments were very high, of 14-29 g kg-1 OC, 1.0-3.7 g kg-1 N and 0.32-0.71 g kg-1 ...

Land Use and Soil Resources, 2008

ABSTRACT The term “replenishment” is often misleading, as it suggests that soils are poor through... more ABSTRACT The term “replenishment” is often misleading, as it suggests that soils are poor through depletion by farmers and that soils should be restored to their original state for agricultural production. This philosophy created awareness of the problems confronted by African farmers. It neglects, however, the heterogeneous redistribution of nutrients that is inherent to agricultural land use. Active and passive transport of organic matter causes centripetal concentration of nutrients around farms and villages and maintains or even improves the soil fertility of crucial fields at the cost of surrounding land. The advice to use fertilizers on bush fields in view of the use of compost and manure on compound fields is like “putting the cart before the horse”; the value-cost ratio of using inorganic fertilizer on compound fields is higher than that on bush fields because of the negative organic matter and nutrient balances in bush fields. The integrated use of inorganic fertilizers and organic forms of manure triggers a positive spiral of improved nutrient-use efficiency and improved soil organic matter status. The increase in value-cost ratio of fertilizer use improves access to fertilizer and other external inputs. Where crop- livestock integration is an important component of agricultural intensification, the centripetal concentration can even turn into the opposite; a centrifugal transport that replenishes (planned or unplanned) the depleted surroundings of farms and villages. Active replenishment of depleted soils is no requirement for agricultural development; intensification can start on village fields where fertility is maintained or improved. However, public investment in soils, focusing on reinforcement of the positive effects of the centripetal concentration of organic matter and nutrients, is recommended; it enables farmers to start fertilizer use where even if the compound fields at present do not allow it.

Arid Land Research and Management, 1998

Studies were carried out on crusted soil in northern Burkina Faso to assess the role of termites ... more Studies were carried out on crusted soil in northern Burkina Faso to assess the role of termites and two organic materials differing in chemical composition in improving the productivity of crusted soil. A split plot design was used, the main treatment being the application of an insecticide (Dursban). This resulted in plots with and without termite activity. Subtreatments consisted of

Livelihoods of many people in Sub-Saharan Africa are tightly depending on sustainable watershed r... more Livelihoods of many people in Sub-Saharan Africa are tightly depending on sustainable watershed resources. Therefore in several countries, watershed development has become a major issue and many interdependent smallholders with low resource endowments are concerned by the use of associated natural resources. In the particular context of West Africa, watersheds are embedded in complex property right relations among users, making collective or individual investments for their development too risky or too difficult to organize. The diversity of watershed development outcomes, for instance infrastructures like stone bunds and institutions for governing watershed activities are analyzed as public goods and common pool resources (CPRs) using the common theory perspectives. It is well known in the literature that collective action is a necessary condition to resolve problems related to public goods and CPRs in different circumstances. Beyond existing empirical explorations of conditions fo...

Soil Use and Management, 2006

Soil Use and Management, 2003