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Papers by Abdurrahman Bilgen

Eskisehir Ilinin 16 kilometre dogusunda, Alpu Ovasi’ndaki Cavlum Koyu’nde 1999-2002 yillari arasi... more Eskisehir Ilinin 16 kilometre dogusunda, Alpu Ovasi’ndaki Cavlum Koyu’nde 1999-2002 yillari arasinda gerceklestirilen kurtarma kazilarinda 73 adet mezar ele gecmis ve bu mezarligin Orta Tunc Cagi’na ait oldugu anlasilmistir. Mezarligin cogu kup ve comlek mezar olup, basit toprak, tas sanduka ve oda mezar tipleri de gorulmustur. Olu hediyesi olarak mezarlara birakilan eserler arasinda en ilginc olanlardan biri luletasindan yapilmis bir adet damga muhurdur. Bu muhur Cavlum mezarliginda tek ornekle temsil edilen tas sanduka mezarda ele gecmistir. Damga muhrun baski yuzeyinde sadece bir cizgi bulunmaktadir. Bu cizginin olusturulmasi sirasinda muhrun kenari kirilmis olmalidir. Ancak gene de luletasi gibi nadir bir malzemeden yapildigi icin bir cocugun mezarina birakilacak kadar onemini korumustur. En onemli luletasi yataklari Eskisehir Bolgesi’nde bulunmakta ve bu madenin, en eski donemlerden beri bu bolgede bilindigi anlasilmaktadir. Cavlum Koyu Orta Tunc Cagi Mezarligi’nda ele gecen lu...

Ceramics International, 2011

Upper ancient Mesopotamia is a part of Southeastern Anatolia and irrigated by the Euphrates and T... more Upper ancient Mesopotamia is a part of Southeastern Anatolia and irrigated by the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. It has several sites, ruins and monuments belonging to ancient civilizations. Among these, an ancient site namely Harabebezikan, is on the east bank of Euphrates (Fırat) river and located 17 km south of Birecik in Şanlıurfa/Turkey. It is left under water by the reservoir lake of Karkamış (Carchemish) dam today. An archaeological salvage project was carried out in 1999 shortly before the reservoir filling. One of the most important results of the excavations was to discover a ceramic workshop of the Hellenistic period. In this study, some selected Hellenistic period potsherds were studied in order to investigate the technological parameters of pottery production such as raw materials used in manufacturing, firing temperatures and conditions. The selected potsherds are probably production of this workshop. Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed for chemical and phase analysis, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) were further performed for microstructural and microchemical characterization. Micro-Raman analysis was performed for assessing the mineralogical components of the slip layers. Finally, thermal behavior of the potsherds was characterized by thermal gravimetricdifferential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) techniques. The obtained results showed that calcareous materials including clays were used for pottery production and the potsherds were fired in the temperatures from 600 to 1000 8C. Furthermore, iron rich slip layers in different colors suggest that Hellenistic period potters at Harabebezikan were aware of adjusting the redox conditions of firing to obtain the desired color.

HOMO - Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 2014

Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 2016

The Achaemenids conquered Anatolia in the sixth century bce. However, in contrast to the historic... more The Achaemenids conquered Anatolia in the sixth century bce. However, in contrast to the historical descriptions of political response to Achaemenid control, e.g. the so-called ‘Ionian revolt’ of east Greek territories in Western Anatolia, the operation of Achaemenid-period economies in this region remains obscure. Only a handful of occupation sites in western Turkey provide archaeological data contemporary with Achaemenid rule. In this paper, we compare the results of compositional analysis on Achaemenid-period ceramics from a provincial centre, Seyitömer, with comparable analyses from similar periods at Sardis and Gordion. During the period of Achaemenid control a comparatively high level of compositional and typological diversity at this provincial centre suggests a surprising increase in regional connectivity, both locally and with East Greek and Greek centres.

Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 2012

ABSTRACT Kütahya Basin which is located near the northeast boundary of the Western Anatolia Exten... more ABSTRACT Kütahya Basin which is located near the northeast boundary of the Western Anatolia Extension Region is a depression area that extends in WNW-ESE direction. Southern margin of the basin is bounded by a distinct fault morphology called Kütahya Fault Zone. Geological, geomorphological and geophysical studies on the Kütahya Fault Zone show that this zone consists of 5 different fault branches. Total length of the mapped fault zone is about 22 km in N50-70W direction. Paleoseismological and archeoseismological studies show that there are at least two surface rupturing earthquakes during the last 8000 years. First earthquake was occurred around 6000 BC and the last one was around 1800 B.C. after which the Seyitömer Tell was abandoned. Thus, this study indicates that the Kütahya Fault Zone has produced destructive earthquakes during Holocene and considering the length of the fault zone, it is possible to suggest that the fault zone has earthquake potential at least 6.5 magnitude.

Anadolu (Anatolia), 2015

Depata are among the important changes in the traditional cultural structure that emerged during ... more Depata are among the important changes in the traditional cultural structure that emerged during the Early Bronze Age III. Depata were discovered in the Aegean islands, the Balkan Peninsula, Central and Southeastern Anatolia and Northern Syria. In Seyitömer Mound located in Midwestern Anatolia, the Early Bronze Age, which represents the 5th cultural layer, is studied in three phases. Various depata, classified among different forms and wares, were discovered in the mentioned phases. The specifications and finding contexts of the depata are given along with typological considerations.

Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 2012

Batı Anadolu Açılma Bölgesi'nin kuzeydoğu sınırında bulunan Kütahya Havzası BKB-DGD doğrultusunda... more Batı Anadolu Açılma Bölgesi'nin kuzeydoğu sınırında bulunan Kütahya Havzası BKB-DGD doğrultusunda uzanan bir çöküntü alanıdır ve güney kenarı belirgin bir morfoloji ile Kütahya Fay Zonu tarafından sınırlanmaktadır. Kütahya Fay Zonu boyunca jeolojik, jeomorfolojik ve jeofizik verilerden yararlanılarak yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda bu zonun, kuzey bloğun düştüğü normal fay geometrisine sahip 5 ayrı uzanımdan oluştuğu ve K50-70B doğrultusunda yaklaşık 22 km uzunluğa sahip olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Paleosismolojik ve arkeosismolojik çalışmalar ise bu uzanım boyunca son 8000 yıl içinde yüzey kırığı oluşturan en az iki depremin meydana geldiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu depremlerden ilki M.Ö. 6000'li yıllarda, sonuncusu ise M.Ö. 1800'lü yıllarda Seyitömer Höyüğü'nde hasar oluşturan ve höyüğün terk edilmesine neden olan depremdir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmalar Kütahya Havzası'nın güneyini sınırlayan Kütahya Fay Zonu'nun Holosen'de tekrarlanan yıkıcı depremler ürettiğini ve geometrisi gözönünde bulundurulduğunda gelecekte de en az 6.5 büyüklüğünde deprem üretme potansiyeli bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Batı Anadolu Açılma Bölgesi'nin kuzeydoğu sınırında bulunan Kütahya Havzası BKB-DGD doğrultusunda... more Batı Anadolu Açılma Bölgesi'nin kuzeydoğu sınırında bulunan Kütahya Havzası BKB-DGD doğrultusunda uzanan bir çöküntü alanıdır ve güney kenarı belirgin bir morfoloji ile Kütahya Fay Zonu tarafından sınırlanmaktadır. Kütahya Fay Zonu boyunca jeolojik, jeomorfolojik ve jeofizik verilerden yararlanılarak yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda bu zonun, kuzey bloğun düştüğü normal fay geometrisine sahip 5 ayrı uzanımdan oluştuğu ve K50-70B doğrultusunda yaklaşık 22 km uzunluğa sahip olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Paleosismolojik ve arkeosismolojik çalışmalar ise bu uzanım boyunca son 8000 yıl içinde yüzey kırığı oluşturan en az iki depremin meydana geldiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu depremlerden ilki M.Ö. 6000'li yıllarda, sonuncusu ise M.Ö. 1800'lü yıllarda Seyitömer Höyüğü'nde hasar oluşturan ve höyüğün terk edilmesine neden olan depremdir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmalar Kütahya Havzası'nın güneyini sınırlayan Kütahya Fay Zonu'nun Holosen'de tekrarlanan yıkıcı depremler ürettiğini ve geometrisi gözönünde bulundurulduğunda gelecekte de en az 6.5 büyüklüğünde deprem üretme potansiyeli bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anadolu Araştırmaları, 2011

... 4. 32 33 34 Kogay-Akok 1966, Lev. LII, Pl. 41, Al. r. 54. Osten 1937, fig. 193, d 1471. Boehr... more ... 4. 32 33 34 Kogay-Akok 1966, Lev. LII, Pl. 41, Al. r. 54. Osten 1937, fig. 193, d 1471. Boehrner 1972, Taf. ... (;a.11§- malar ilerledikge tarihlemenin daha netlegecegi ve I. yap: katma ait olan metal ergitme atelyesinin iglevinin de daha. iyi an1a§11a.- ca§1 iimit. edilmektedir. ...

Kütahya Basin which is located near the northeast boundary of the Western Anatolia Extension Regi... more Kütahya Basin which is located near the northeast boundary of the Western Anatolia Extension Region is a depression area that extends in WNW-ESE direction. Southern margin of the basin is bounded by a distinct fault morphology called Kütahya Fault Zone. Geological, geomorphological and geophysical studies on the Kütahya Fault Zone show that this zone consists of 5 different fault branches. Total length of the mapped fault zone is about 22 km in N50-70W direction. Paleoseismological and archeoseismological studies show that there are at least two surface rupturing earthquakes during the last 8000 years. First earthquake was occurred around 6000 BC and the last one was around 1800 B.C. after which the Seyitömer Tell was abandoned. Thus, this study indicates that the Kütahya Fault Zone has produced destructive earthquakes during Holocene and considering the length of the fault zone, it is possible to suggest that the fault zone has earthquake potential at least 6.5 magnitude.

Eskisehir Ilinin 16 kilometre dogusunda, Alpu Ovasi’ndaki Cavlum Koyu’nde 1999-2002 yillari arasi... more Eskisehir Ilinin 16 kilometre dogusunda, Alpu Ovasi’ndaki Cavlum Koyu’nde 1999-2002 yillari arasinda gerceklestirilen kurtarma kazilarinda 73 adet mezar ele gecmis ve bu mezarligin Orta Tunc Cagi’na ait oldugu anlasilmistir. Mezarligin cogu kup ve comlek mezar olup, basit toprak, tas sanduka ve oda mezar tipleri de gorulmustur. Olu hediyesi olarak mezarlara birakilan eserler arasinda en ilginc olanlardan biri luletasindan yapilmis bir adet damga muhurdur. Bu muhur Cavlum mezarliginda tek ornekle temsil edilen tas sanduka mezarda ele gecmistir. Damga muhrun baski yuzeyinde sadece bir cizgi bulunmaktadir. Bu cizginin olusturulmasi sirasinda muhrun kenari kirilmis olmalidir. Ancak gene de luletasi gibi nadir bir malzemeden yapildigi icin bir cocugun mezarina birakilacak kadar onemini korumustur. En onemli luletasi yataklari Eskisehir Bolgesi’nde bulunmakta ve bu madenin, en eski donemlerden beri bu bolgede bilindigi anlasilmaktadir. Cavlum Koyu Orta Tunc Cagi Mezarligi’nda ele gecen lu...

Ceramics International, 2011

Upper ancient Mesopotamia is a part of Southeastern Anatolia and irrigated by the Euphrates and T... more Upper ancient Mesopotamia is a part of Southeastern Anatolia and irrigated by the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. It has several sites, ruins and monuments belonging to ancient civilizations. Among these, an ancient site namely Harabebezikan, is on the east bank of Euphrates (Fırat) river and located 17 km south of Birecik in Şanlıurfa/Turkey. It is left under water by the reservoir lake of Karkamış (Carchemish) dam today. An archaeological salvage project was carried out in 1999 shortly before the reservoir filling. One of the most important results of the excavations was to discover a ceramic workshop of the Hellenistic period. In this study, some selected Hellenistic period potsherds were studied in order to investigate the technological parameters of pottery production such as raw materials used in manufacturing, firing temperatures and conditions. The selected potsherds are probably production of this workshop. Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed for chemical and phase analysis, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) were further performed for microstructural and microchemical characterization. Micro-Raman analysis was performed for assessing the mineralogical components of the slip layers. Finally, thermal behavior of the potsherds was characterized by thermal gravimetricdifferential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) techniques. The obtained results showed that calcareous materials including clays were used for pottery production and the potsherds were fired in the temperatures from 600 to 1000 8C. Furthermore, iron rich slip layers in different colors suggest that Hellenistic period potters at Harabebezikan were aware of adjusting the redox conditions of firing to obtain the desired color.

HOMO - Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 2014

Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 2016

The Achaemenids conquered Anatolia in the sixth century bce. However, in contrast to the historic... more The Achaemenids conquered Anatolia in the sixth century bce. However, in contrast to the historical descriptions of political response to Achaemenid control, e.g. the so-called ‘Ionian revolt’ of east Greek territories in Western Anatolia, the operation of Achaemenid-period economies in this region remains obscure. Only a handful of occupation sites in western Turkey provide archaeological data contemporary with Achaemenid rule. In this paper, we compare the results of compositional analysis on Achaemenid-period ceramics from a provincial centre, Seyitömer, with comparable analyses from similar periods at Sardis and Gordion. During the period of Achaemenid control a comparatively high level of compositional and typological diversity at this provincial centre suggests a surprising increase in regional connectivity, both locally and with East Greek and Greek centres.

Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 2012

ABSTRACT Kütahya Basin which is located near the northeast boundary of the Western Anatolia Exten... more ABSTRACT Kütahya Basin which is located near the northeast boundary of the Western Anatolia Extension Region is a depression area that extends in WNW-ESE direction. Southern margin of the basin is bounded by a distinct fault morphology called Kütahya Fault Zone. Geological, geomorphological and geophysical studies on the Kütahya Fault Zone show that this zone consists of 5 different fault branches. Total length of the mapped fault zone is about 22 km in N50-70W direction. Paleoseismological and archeoseismological studies show that there are at least two surface rupturing earthquakes during the last 8000 years. First earthquake was occurred around 6000 BC and the last one was around 1800 B.C. after which the Seyitömer Tell was abandoned. Thus, this study indicates that the Kütahya Fault Zone has produced destructive earthquakes during Holocene and considering the length of the fault zone, it is possible to suggest that the fault zone has earthquake potential at least 6.5 magnitude.

Anadolu (Anatolia), 2015

Depata are among the important changes in the traditional cultural structure that emerged during ... more Depata are among the important changes in the traditional cultural structure that emerged during the Early Bronze Age III. Depata were discovered in the Aegean islands, the Balkan Peninsula, Central and Southeastern Anatolia and Northern Syria. In Seyitömer Mound located in Midwestern Anatolia, the Early Bronze Age, which represents the 5th cultural layer, is studied in three phases. Various depata, classified among different forms and wares, were discovered in the mentioned phases. The specifications and finding contexts of the depata are given along with typological considerations.

Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 2012

Batı Anadolu Açılma Bölgesi'nin kuzeydoğu sınırında bulunan Kütahya Havzası BKB-DGD doğrultusunda... more Batı Anadolu Açılma Bölgesi'nin kuzeydoğu sınırında bulunan Kütahya Havzası BKB-DGD doğrultusunda uzanan bir çöküntü alanıdır ve güney kenarı belirgin bir morfoloji ile Kütahya Fay Zonu tarafından sınırlanmaktadır. Kütahya Fay Zonu boyunca jeolojik, jeomorfolojik ve jeofizik verilerden yararlanılarak yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda bu zonun, kuzey bloğun düştüğü normal fay geometrisine sahip 5 ayrı uzanımdan oluştuğu ve K50-70B doğrultusunda yaklaşık 22 km uzunluğa sahip olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Paleosismolojik ve arkeosismolojik çalışmalar ise bu uzanım boyunca son 8000 yıl içinde yüzey kırığı oluşturan en az iki depremin meydana geldiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu depremlerden ilki M.Ö. 6000'li yıllarda, sonuncusu ise M.Ö. 1800'lü yıllarda Seyitömer Höyüğü'nde hasar oluşturan ve höyüğün terk edilmesine neden olan depremdir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmalar Kütahya Havzası'nın güneyini sınırlayan Kütahya Fay Zonu'nun Holosen'de tekrarlanan yıkıcı depremler ürettiğini ve geometrisi gözönünde bulundurulduğunda gelecekte de en az 6.5 büyüklüğünde deprem üretme potansiyeli bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Batı Anadolu Açılma Bölgesi'nin kuzeydoğu sınırında bulunan Kütahya Havzası BKB-DGD doğrultusunda... more Batı Anadolu Açılma Bölgesi'nin kuzeydoğu sınırında bulunan Kütahya Havzası BKB-DGD doğrultusunda uzanan bir çöküntü alanıdır ve güney kenarı belirgin bir morfoloji ile Kütahya Fay Zonu tarafından sınırlanmaktadır. Kütahya Fay Zonu boyunca jeolojik, jeomorfolojik ve jeofizik verilerden yararlanılarak yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda bu zonun, kuzey bloğun düştüğü normal fay geometrisine sahip 5 ayrı uzanımdan oluştuğu ve K50-70B doğrultusunda yaklaşık 22 km uzunluğa sahip olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Paleosismolojik ve arkeosismolojik çalışmalar ise bu uzanım boyunca son 8000 yıl içinde yüzey kırığı oluşturan en az iki depremin meydana geldiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu depremlerden ilki M.Ö. 6000'li yıllarda, sonuncusu ise M.Ö. 1800'lü yıllarda Seyitömer Höyüğü'nde hasar oluşturan ve höyüğün terk edilmesine neden olan depremdir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmalar Kütahya Havzası'nın güneyini sınırlayan Kütahya Fay Zonu'nun Holosen'de tekrarlanan yıkıcı depremler ürettiğini ve geometrisi gözönünde bulundurulduğunda gelecekte de en az 6.5 büyüklüğünde deprem üretme potansiyeli bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anadolu Araştırmaları, 2011

... 4. 32 33 34 Kogay-Akok 1966, Lev. LII, Pl. 41, Al. r. 54. Osten 1937, fig. 193, d 1471. Boehr... more ... 4. 32 33 34 Kogay-Akok 1966, Lev. LII, Pl. 41, Al. r. 54. Osten 1937, fig. 193, d 1471. Boehrner 1972, Taf. ... (;a.11§- malar ilerledikge tarihlemenin daha netlegecegi ve I. yap: katma ait olan metal ergitme atelyesinin iglevinin de daha. iyi an1a§11a.- ca§1 iimit. edilmektedir. ...

Kütahya Basin which is located near the northeast boundary of the Western Anatolia Extension Regi... more Kütahya Basin which is located near the northeast boundary of the Western Anatolia Extension Region is a depression area that extends in WNW-ESE direction. Southern margin of the basin is bounded by a distinct fault morphology called Kütahya Fault Zone. Geological, geomorphological and geophysical studies on the Kütahya Fault Zone show that this zone consists of 5 different fault branches. Total length of the mapped fault zone is about 22 km in N50-70W direction. Paleoseismological and archeoseismological studies show that there are at least two surface rupturing earthquakes during the last 8000 years. First earthquake was occurred around 6000 BC and the last one was around 1800 B.C. after which the Seyitömer Tell was abandoned. Thus, this study indicates that the Kütahya Fault Zone has produced destructive earthquakes during Holocene and considering the length of the fault zone, it is possible to suggest that the fault zone has earthquake potential at least 6.5 magnitude.